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1

Green roof impact on the quantity and quality of stormwater discharged from urban areas

Sakson Grażyna

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 57

91--97

EN

Green roofs are increasingly popular in both new and modernised buildings. They significantly reduce the outflow of stormwater from buildings and change its composition. Wherever an urbanised area is equipped with a separate sewage system, usually stormwater goes directly to the receiver without treatment, which may affect the quality of water in the receiver. The article presents results of research carried out on the green roof of a building in Lodz, Poland. During rainfall, the flow rate from the roof was measured. With the use of the US EPA software Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) a model of the green roof was created and calibrated using rainfall data from the city’s pluviometric network. Based on the measurements of the roof runoff, as well as SWMM modelling, the degree of outfall reduction was determined. Samples of roof runoff were collected to study the characteristics of rainwater, including pH, electrical conductivity, organic compounds, nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended solids. The results were compared with the quality of runoff from a traditional roof. Except ammonium nitrogen, values of the examined quality indicators was higher in the case of the green roof but the pollution load of almost all contaminants, except phosphorus, were lower due to a significant reduction in the volume of stormwater outflow (62-91%). The quality of stormwater discharged from the green roof improved with its age.

2

Analysis of suspended solids emissions from a combined sewage system using the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM)

Sakson Grażyna

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2023

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Vol. 49, no. 4

389--399

EN

The protection of water bodies requires the reduction of pollutant emissions from all major sources. In urbanized areas, these include: wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and (depending on the type of sewage system) combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and stormwater drainage outlets. WWTPs are usually monitored and emitted pollutant loads are known, but it is more difficult to assess the pollutant load discharged by CSOs and stormwater drainage systems. The article attempts to use the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) to assess emissions of suspended solids from a large urban combined catchment. Suspended solids are the main pollutant of stormwater runoff in urban areas, and the dynamics of their emission from catchments is very diverse. The amount of suspended solids discharged by CSOs functioning in the given city was assessed in comparison with emissions from a wastewater treatment plant. The results show that CSOs discharge a pollutant load to the receiver which is comparable to WWTPs, but in a much shorter time and in a violent manner which can lead to the severe deterioration of receiving water quality. The modelling took into account the quality of dry weather sewage, the build-up of suspended solids, wash-off processes in the catchment area, and local precipitation characteristics. Factors affecting the quality of the obtained model and the accuracy of the emission level assessment were analysed.

3

Use of Quantitative and Qualitative Wastewater Monitoring in Water Protection on the Example of Lodz

Brzezińska Agnieszka, Sakson Grażyna

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2020

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Tom 22, cz. 1

431--443

EN

Widely understood protection of water, and in particular surface waters, most exposed to direct pollution, requires many operations carried out both in the catchment area and in sewage systems as well as WWTPs. Due to its character and working conditions, it should be monitored not only in terms of hydraulics, but also in terms of the quality of transported wastewater. During atmospheric precipitation, large volumes of domestic and industrial wastewater as well as rainwater in various proportions flow through the canals, changing not only their quantity but also their composition. In such cases, the issue of monitoring becomes particularly vital. The article presents an analysis of the needs and tasks resulting from the application of quantitative and qualitative monitoring in the assessment of the functioning of sewage systems. Methods and tools used in Lodz that may be useful in water protection are presented. The benefits of using this type of solutions as well as the limitations and difficulties are discussed.

PL

Szeroko rozumiana ochrona wód, a zwłaszcza wód powierzchniowych, najbardziej narażonych na bezpośrednie zanieczyszczenie, wymaga wielu działań przeprowadzanych zarówno w zlewni, jak i w systemach kanalizacyjnych oraz w oczyszczalniach ścieków. Ze względu na swój charakter i warunki pracy system kanalizacji należy monitorować nie tylko pod względem hydraulicznym, ale także pod względem składu transportowanych ścieków. Podczas opadów atmosferycznych przez kanały, w różnych proporcjach, przepływają znaczne ilości ścieków bytowych, przemysłowych oraz deszczowych, zmieniając przy tym także swój skład. W takich przypadkach kwestia monitorowania staje się szczególnie istotna. W artykule przedstawiono analizę potrzeb i zadań wynikających z zastosowania monitorowania ilościowego i jakościowego w ocenie funkcjonowania systemów kanalizacyjnych oraz metody i narzędzia stosowane w Łodzi, które mogą być przydatne w ochronie wód. Omówiono zalety korzystania z tego typu rozwiązań, a także ograniczenia i trudności.

4

Threats to Wastewater Treatment Plant in Combined Sewer System – Analysis of Problems and Possible Solutions on the Example of Lodz

Sakson Grażyna, Brzezińska Agnieszka, Kowalski Krzysztof

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2020

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Tom 22, cz. 2

1132--1144

EN

Municipal WWTP are exposed to the inflow of toxic substances, which may impede their proper functioning, especially of the biological part. In the case of combined or hybrid sewer systems, additionally, in wet weather, there may appear a rapid inflow of a mixture of domestic and industrial sewage, and stormwater in an amount exceeding the capacity of the devices, causing the need to discharge parts of not fully treated wastewater through the bypass channel. In such situations, the receivers are exposed to an inflow of increased amounts of pollutants. The article presents the concept of a monitoring, early warning and sustainable management system for the Lodz wastewater treatment plant, which will allow minimizing pollutant emissions to the aquatic environment.

PL

Miejskie oczyszczalnie ścieków są narażone na napływ substancji toksycznych, które mogą utrudniać ich prawidłowe funkcjonowanie, zwłaszcza części biologicznej. W przypadku ogólnospławnych lub mieszanych systemów kanalizacyjnych dodatkowo w czasie pogody mokrej może pojawić się gwałtowny dopływ mieszaniny ścieków bytowo-gospodarczych i przemysłowych oraz wód opadowych w ilości przekraczającej przepustowość urządzeń, powodując konieczność zrzutu części nie w pełni oczyszczonych ścieków przez kanał ominięcia. W takich sytuacjach odbiorniki są narażone na napływ zwiększonych ilości zanieczyszczeń. W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję systemu monitorowania, wczesnego ostrzegania i zrównoważonego zarządzania łódzką oczyszczalnią ścieków, który pozwoli zminimalizować emisję zanieczyszczeń do środowiska wodnego.

5

Use of quantitative and qualitative wastewater monitoring in water protection on the example of Lodz

Brzezińska Agnieszka, Sakson Grażyna

Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture

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2019

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z. 66, nr 2

21--34

EN

Widely understood protection of water, and in particular surface waters, most exposed to direct pollution, requires many operations carried out both in the catchment area and in sewage systems as well as wastewater treatment plants. Due to its character and working conditions, it should be monitored not only in terms of hydraulics, but also in terms of the quality of transported wastewater. During atmospheric precipitation, large volumes of domestic and industrial wastewater as well as rainwater in various proportions flow through the canals, changing not only their quantity but also their composition. In such cases, the issue of monitoring becomes particularly vital. The article presents an analysis of the needs and tasks resulting from the application of quantitative and qualitative monitoring in the assessment of the functioning of sewage systems. Methods and tools used in Lodz that may be useful in water protection are presented. The benefits of using this type of solutions as well as the limitations and difficulties are discussed.

6

Monitoring, early warning and sustainable management system for Lodz wastewater treatment plant as a water protection tool

Sakson Grażyna, Brzezińska Agnieszka, Kowalski Krzysztof

Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture

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2019

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z. 66, nr 3

5--16

EN

Municipal wastewater treatment plants are exposed to the inflow of toxic substances, which may hamper or even preclude their proper functioning, especially of the biological part. In the case of combined or hybrid sewer systems, additionally, in wet weather, there may appear a rapid inflow of a mixture of domestic and industrial sewage, and stormwater in an amount exceeding the capacity of the devices, causing the need to discharge parts of not fully treated wastewater through the bypass channel, which may reduce overall treatment effects. In such situations, the receivers are exposed to an inflow of increased amounts of pollutants, which on the one hand causes a threat to the aquatic environment, on the other, may result in administrative fines for the treatment plant resulting from non-compliance with the conditions of the water permit, as well as costs of removing the effects of failure. The article presents the concept of a monitoring, early warning and sustainable management system for the Lodz wastewater treatment plant, which will allow minimizing pollutant emissions to the aquatic environment. The system will be based on data from the municipal pluviometer network, measurement of flows in combines sewer overflows and newly built sewage quality monitoring stations equipped with on-line probes. The resulting data will allow to predict quantity and quality of inflow to the treatment plant, which will allow for an early warning about the dangers. In consequence decision-making to improve the safety of its operation will be possible.