In the last years the failure frequency of transformers increased, e.g. due to ageing or external hazards. In particular fires and explosions of main oil-filled transformers are considered as critical. Therefore, international experiences of transformer failures at nuclear and non-nuclear power plants and at substations have been investigated in more detail. Consequences of transformer failures with respect to a reliable electricity transmission and distribution as well as measures to enhance the reliability of critical infrastructure and to avoid blackouts are addressed.
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