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2 Journal of Ecological Engineering

2 2023

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Heavy Metals in Soil and Plants During Revegetation of Coal Mine Spoil Tips and Surrounded Territories

Kucher Larisa, Krasnoshtan Igor, Nedilska Uliana, Muliarchuk Oksana, Manzii Olena, Menderetsky Vadim, Boroday Vira, Beregniak Evgeniy, Voitsekhivskyi Volodymyr, Myronycheva Olena

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 7

234--245

Coal mining in Donbas is a global problem as it causes the destabilization of ecological landscapes. Spoil tips, covering almost 52% of the territory, alter the topography of the land, affect the ecosystem, and decrease soil fertility. The soils become degraded and are unsuitable for agricultural use. The occupation of the Donetsk region by the Russian Federation has suspended the observation and research of man-made influence on this territory, which is a major concern for the scientific community. To reduce the negative impact of spoil tips, it is necessary to slow down the process of pyrite oxidation and the formation of toxic substances, as well as the migration of heavy metals due to erosion. Biological reclamation with grass and woody plants can help in achieving this goal. Another urgent issue is the constant supervision and assessment of the suitability of the bedrock of coal mines for agricultural use. The study investigated the total and mobile content of heavy metals in the rock samples from the “South Donbaska-1” mine, ordinary chernozem (background soil), and vegetation growing on the spoil tip. The results showed that the content of Co, Cr, Cu, and Fe in the rock of the spoil tip is higher than in the background soils. The content of heavy metals gradually decreases as the distance from the spoil tip increases. The content of Pb in ordinary chernozem and rock is practically the same, indicating its active migration. An analysis of the biomass of plant samples growing on the spoil tip showed that the content of Co, Cu, and Zn was within the limits of the threshold limiting values. However, the content of other studied elements exceeded the permissible norms. The research results provide information on the ecological state of the spoil tip and can be used for recreational as well as reclamation works in these areas.

Ecological Analysis of the Current State of Forest Resources in Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Beregniak Evgeniy, Beregniak Mykhailo, Myronycheva Olena, Balabak Alla, Belava Victoriia, Boroday Vira, Nedilska Uliana, Hudyma Volodymyr, Kucher Larisa, Voitsekhivskyi Volodymyr

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 1

87--96

Forests perform essential ecological functions - water protection, sanitation, health, recreation, and aesthetics. The research aimed to substantiate the ecological and economic importance of forest resources in the Kyiv region and analyse their rational use and protection. The article shows that the Kyiv region belongs to the regions with an average level of forest cover – 592.8 thousand hectares or 22.2%. The level of forest cover is uneven in the area of the Kyiv Forest zone. It is 44%, and in the area of the Forest-Steppe, it is much lower and decreases from north to south. The use of forest resources in the Kyiv region in 2019 amounted to harvesting liquid wood of 999.5 thousand m2, and deforestation was carried out on 75.5 thousand hectares. The region’s volume of forestry works and services amounted to 8,9 million dollars, and the wood stock makes 90805,9 thousand m2. Emphasis is placed on the importance of protecting the Red Book species of plants and fungi that grow in the forests of the Kyiv region. Examples of harmful economic activity in the areas belonging to the nature reserve fund and large-scale fires in April 2020, which covered more than 3.5 thousand hectares of forests in the region and caused damage to forest fauna and flora. The studied region’s positive environmental and economic factors have been admitted by planting trees on an area of 2151 hectares and sowing seeds of forest species on an area of 67 hectares in 2020.