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In Vitro propagation affects the composition of narrow-leaved lavender essential oils

Andrys D., Kulpa D.

Acta Chromatographica

2018

Vol. 30, no. 4

225--230

The aim of this study was to identify and determine by means of gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC–FID) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method the volatile compounds of essential oils obtained from three varieties of narrow-leaved lavender grown in the field and in in vitro cultures. The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation in Deryng apparatus. It was found that the analyzed essential oils varied in terms of chemical composition depending on the variety and conditions of growth. Sixty-four to 87 different compounds were identified in the oils. Essential oils of all 3 varieties obtained in in vitro cultures contained large amounts of borneol (13–32%). This compound was also dominant in plants obtained from in vivo conditions in varieties Ellagance Purple (11%) and Blue River (13%), and in the Munstead variety, the dominant compound was linalool (13%). High concentration of epi-α-cadinol (10–20%) was found in essential oils obtained from in vitro cultured plants. Globulol was found in high concentration (10%) in the Munstead variety grown in in vitro conditions. However, significant quantitative and qualitative differences were found with respect to composition of essential oils obtained from plants grown in the field and in vitro conditions. There was a lack of (E)-β-ocimene, 3-octyn-2-one, 1-octen-3-yl acetate, sabina ketone, pinocarvone, trans-carveol, nerol, epi-longipinanol, or humulene epoxide II. In comparison to oils obtained from field-grown plants, the oils isolated from plants grown in in vitro conditions contained the less volatile compounds identified in the final stage of GC–FID and GC–MS analysis, i.e., thymol, carvacrol, γ-gurjunene, trans-calamene, α-calacorene, khusinol, and 8-cedren-13-ol.

Effect of straw and soil tillage with the application of effective microorganisms on soil moisture and compaction for winter wheat monoculture

Kotwica K., Gałęzewski L., Skierucha W., Jaskulska I., Jaskulski D., Wilczek A., Szypłowska A., Kulpa D., Piekarczyk M., Wasilewski P.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

2017

Vol. 62, nr 1

104--111

The effect of using straw and the application of effective microorganisms on soil moisture and compaction in plowing tillage and direct sowing is presented. Data were collected during the spring growing season during the three-year monoculture of winter wheat. Soil moisture and compaction at four levels to a depth of 40 cm were measured. Plowing tillage in comparison to direct sowing resulted in a reduction of average soil moisture at all depths, and soil compaction at the 10-40 cm levels. The application of effective microorganisms in plowing tillage caused an increase in soil compaction at all depths and moisture content of the deepest layer. The effective microorganisms used in direct sowing resulted in higher moisture content primarily in the surface layer. The use of straw did not affect significantly soil moisture but resulted in a reduction in compaction under direct sowing conditions. Straw, soil tillage method, application of the effective microorganisms and the interaction among those factors significantly affected soil moisture and compaction. The influence of the effective microorganisms on soil moisture is the most significant in plowing tillage, while the effect of straw on soil compaction is the most evident for direct sowing.

Właściwości fizyczne gleby są ważnym czynnikiem produkcyjności roślin. W trzyletniej monokulturze pszenicy ozimej określono wpływ stosowania słomy oraz zróżnicowanej uprawy roli (uprawa płużna, siew bezpośredni) wraz z aplikacją efektywnych mikroorganizmów na wilgotność i zwięzłość gleby do głębokości 40 cm w okresie wiosennej wegetacji. Wilgotność i zwięzłość wierzchnich warstw gleby do głębokości 20 cm były bardzo zmienne w czasie i silnie ujemnie ze sobą skorelowane. Stosowanie słomy nie wpłynęło istotnie na wilgotność gleby, spowodowało natomiast zmniejszenie jej zwięzłości w warunkach wykonywania siewu bezpośredniego. Płużna uprawa roli w porównaniu z siewem bezpośrednim spowodowała zmniejszenie średniej wilgotności gleby do głębokości 40 cm, a zwięzłości gleby na głębokości 10-40 cm. Wnoszenie efektywnych mikroorganizmów do gleby uprawianej płużnie wywołało tendencję wzrostu zwięzłości wszystkich jej warstw do głębokości 40 cm, a wilgotności zwłaszcza warstwy najgłębszej - 30-40 cm. W przypadku siewu bezpośredniego efektywne mikroorganizmy nie spowodowały wzrostu zwięzłości gleby, a większa wilgotność wystąpiła głównie w warstwie powierzchniowej.

GC-MS Analysis of the Essential Oil from Flowers of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. Propagated Conventionally and Derived from In Vitro Cultures

Wesołowska A., Grzeszczuk M., Kulpa D.

Acta Chromatographica

2015

Vol. 27, no. 3

525--539

The composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from flowers of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. has been investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 105 different constituents were identified, representing an average of 97.71–99.95% of the total oil composition. The oil obtained from flowers propagated conventionally contained the higher amounts of cis-chrysanthemol, cischrysanthenyl isovalerate, camphor, and virdiflorol, while the higher concentration of bornyl acetate, cis-chrysanthenyl acetate, and 2-(2,4-hexadiynylidene)-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.4] non-3-ene was noted in the oil obtained from flowers propagated in vitro. Significantly higher amounts of essential oil were obtained from flowers of plants derived for in vitro propagation (0.58%) in comparison with conventional cultivation (0.50%).