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A Non-Soil Seed Bank Dependent on the Size of Clonal Plants : The Case of Carex cespitosa, a Guerrilla Species in an Unmown Meadow

Borkowska L., Lembicz M., Kasprzykowski Z.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2017

Vol. 65, nr 2

258--268

Long-lived clonal plants provide an optimal place for the natural storage of seeds as a ‘non-soil seed bank’. We tested the hypothesis that the size and species diversity of a non-soil seed bank deposited within the clonal plant Carex cespitosa depends mainly on the plant's size. To verify this hypothesis, an experiment was conducted on an unmown meadow in the Białowieża National Park. The emerging seedlings of different species originating from C. cespitosa tussocks of different size (large and small) were observed under greenhouse conditions for four years. The size of a non-soil seed bank was evaluated based on the number of seedlings. Significant differences in the seedling number were found between large and small sedge tussocks (Mann-Whitney test Z = 3.96, P < 0.001). However, the number of recorded species was independent of tussock size. Both types of tussocks were dominated by meadow, forest and swamp species (in decreasing order). Some of these species are no longer present in the studied area, or their occurrence is limited to small groups at the meadow's edges. A non-soil seed bank within the tussock cores of C. cespitosa may be, similar to a soil seed bank, a tool for studying the changes occurring in plant communities.

Patterns of genetic diversity in populations of Filipendula ulmaria (L.) at different stages of succession on a meadow abandoned for 30 years

Falińska K., Lembicz M., Jarmołowski A., Borkowska L.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2010

Vol. 58, nr 1

27-40

Genetic diversity and spatial variation of two populations of Filipendula ulmaria (L.) were analysed at the initial stage (macroforbs) and the late succession stage (forest community) during a 30-year succession on the abandoned meadows in Białowieża National Park. The study demonstrated a high level of genetic diversity in both populations (D = 0.86 and D = 0.79 in the population at the initial and late succession stage, respectively). Significant genetic differentiation was observed at the cross-population level (FST = 0.008, P <0.001). Among 303 ramets in the population at the initial stage 261 genotypes were detected, of which 24 were clonal, and the remaining (237) were unique (91%). In the population at the late succession stage 92 genotypes were detected among 116 ramets of which 10 were clonal, and 82 unique (89%). The results did not confirm a hypothesis that the low level of the population.s genetic diversity should be expected at the late succession stage. Additionally, the study demonstrates that the prolonged clonal spreading does not always result in genetic monotony of a population. It has been demonstrated that the high level of genetic diversity in the population of clonal species F. ulmaria could be the result of temporal changes in life history traits of long-lived genets. The formation of gaps caused by the disintegration of senile genets and the permanent recruitment of seedlings over 30 years of population development reinforce the appearance of new genets. This process was reflected in both populations by the domination of unique genets and spatial pattern of genotypic diversity.