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PL
Przedstawiono wyniki badań reologicznych parametrów zaczynów cementowych sporządzanych z cementu portlandzkiego CEM I 32,5 z dodatkiem domieszek superplastyfikatorów na osnowie polikarboksylanów. Na podstawie analizy uzyskanych wyników badań laboratoryjnych stwierdzono, że badane zaczyny pod względem reologicznym opisywane są modelem Herschela i Bulkleya.
EN
Portland cement was mixed sep. with tap water or satd. NaCl brine in a 40:100 mass ratio and then one of the 3 com. plasticisers was added to each of the obtained slurries in an amt. of 0.6% (relative to the dry cement mass). Rotational viscometer with shear rate in the range of 1022-1.7 1/s and various rheol. models were used to def. the flow curves of slurries. The rheol. properties of the tested slurries were best described by Herschel-Bulkley model.
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki badań nad zastosowaniem nowego środka polimerowego zawierającego terpolimer chlorków [(2-(akryloiloksy) etylo)trimetyloamoniowego i (3-akryloamidopropylo) trimetyloamoniowego] oraz akryloamidu. Dodatek tego środka poprawia właściwości reologiczne badanych zaczynów.
EN
A mixt. of crosslinked starch, a XCD biopolimer and a CH2=CHCOO(CH2)2NMe3Cl, CH2=CHCONH(CH2)3NMe3Cl and CH2 = CHCONH2 terpolymer was prepd. and added as a new polymeric agent to std. cement slurries. The addn. resulted in an improvement of rheol. properties of the slurries.
3
Content available remote Wpływ tlenku grafenu na właściwości zaczynów cementowych
PL
W pracy zbadano wpływ zawiesiny wodnej tlenku grafenu dodawanej w ilościach 0,05 %, 0,10 % oraz 0,15 % masy cementu, na właściwości zaczynów cementowych z cementu portlandzkiego CEM I 42,5 R. Dodatek zawiesiny tlenku grafenu powoduje zmniejszenie filtracji zaczynów nawet o około 40%. Czas wiązania zaczynów ulega skróceniu o ponad 50% przy niewielkim wpływie na początek czasu wiązania, co jest szczególnie korzystne przy cementowaniu otworów gazowych. Tlenek grafenu zwiększa lepkość zaczynów, bez zmiany ich modelu reologicznego. Wszystkie zaczyny były płynami nienewtonowskimi, rozrzedzanymi ścinaniem, opisywanymi modelem Hershela-Bulkley’a. Tlenek grafenu zwiększa wytrzymałość zaczynów, przy czym największą wytrzymałość miały zaczyny z dodatkiem 0,10 % zawiesiny, których wytrzymałość zwiększyła się o około 40%.
EN
Paper presents the results of the investigations on the influence of graphene oxide water suspension addition on the properties of cement slurries made of CEM I 42.5R ordinary Portland cement. The graphene oxide suspension was added in 0.05 %, 0.10 % and 0.15 % by mass of cement. This addition was resulting in the decreased of the cement slurry filtration by about 40%. Setting duration of slurries was decreased by over 50%, with only slight influence on the initial setting time. This is especially important in cementing gaseous wells. Graphene oxide addition increases viscosity of the slurries, however it does not change rheological model of slurries. All cement slurries had non-Newtonian properties of fluids diluted by shearing, and described with the Herschel-Bulkley model. Addition of graphene oxide suspension resulted in significant increase of strength; 0.10 % addition was found to be the most efficient, with strength gain of about 40%.
EN
The effect of cement slurry modification on the microstructure of the annular space in a wellbore is presented in this paper. An admixture of macromolecular copolymer GS was used, which is usually applied in cement slurry technology to counteract gas migration by the binding cement slurry. The copolymer addition also results in sealing up the cement matrix at the stage of the binding and formation of hardened cement slurry. The modification of a slurry composition with this admixture results in the fact that the cement matrix has low porosity and is strongly compact. Consequently, a significantly higher number of micropores with small diameters are formed than those with larger micropores in the analyzed hardened cement slurry sample. An admixture of a macromolecular copolymer (7 wt.% of the cement) was added and 10% of the latex was removed from the recipe to show the influence of the modified recipe on the microstructure of the cement sheath. Thanks to this modification, the microcement participation could be reduced by 50% with the simultaneously improved quality of the most important technological parameters of fresh and hardened cement slurry. The basic and modified recipes were analyzed. The following parameters of the slurry were determined: rheology, filtration, water settlement, and time of densification. The influence of the modified slurry on the parameters describing the microstructure of the hardened slurry was analyzed for the hardened slurry (i.e., porosimetric porosity and microtomographic porosity). The microstructure of a sample fracture was also investigated. The analyses were conducted for recipes of slurries to be used for sealing wells at a temperature of 40°C and pressure of 10 MPa.
EN
Preserving such unique objects as the “Wieliczka” Salt Mine for the future generations is an obvious obligation. Water is the biggest threat to this object and many similar ones. At the last stage or even in the course of mine exploitation salt mines are flooded as this is the simplest method of their liquidation applied worldwide. However this method cannot be used in the “Wieliczka” Salt Mine , which was put on the UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage list in 1978. Geological and hydrogeological conditions in the Dunajewski gallery are presented in this paper. The Dunajewski gallery is localized directly east of the Mina gallery, where a catastrophic water flux was observed in 1992, threatening the mine with flooding and with considerable damage on the surface. Authors describe the pipeline injection method which was used in that situation. This was a fast and economic method thanks to which the Dunajewski gallery and the adjoining leaching gallery could be efficiently and tightly filled. Specialist recipes for sealing slurry had to be worked out. The slurry was prepared in an injection column elevated in the neighborhood of the Kościuszko shaft and then transported with special pipelines through the Kościuszko shaft and some workings to the Dunajewski gallery. In this way the off-side safety pillar in the area of the Dunajewski gallery was reconstructed.
EN
One of the most important conditions to be met when cementing casing columns is obtaining appropriate tightness of the sealed interval, otherwise gas will have to be released from the annular space due to the dangerously high pressure in the upper part of the well. Gas migrating along the well in the annular space can penetrate directly the soil, groundwater or atmosphere. To counteract these unfavorable effects the casing columns are sealed and the annular space filled with appropriate cement slurry. During injection, the slurry displaces mud from the annular space. However mud residue left out in the wellbore walls may cause that the slurry does not bond the rock sufficiently well and consequently gas may flow on the hardened cement slurry/rock/casing contact. This effect can be eliminated by thorough cleaning of the annular space from mud cake with flush fluid, followed by its complete displacement with buffer fluid and cement slurry. Hence it is crucial for the efficiency of cementing to precede this job with thorough cleaning of the annular space with appropriate flush fluids. Laboratory experiments were undertaken to work out a new flush fluid with which the efficiency of removal of filtration cake from the wellbore walls and the cleaning of the annular space will be improved. Tests were performed for a group of agents, which appropriately selected as far as their quantity and quality is concerned, could create bases for a new type of fluid with very good flushing properties. The efficiency of mud cake removal was analyzed in a mud flow simulator. The analysis of the results revealed that the efficiency of removal of the mud cake on the rock surface can be improved by synergic operation of surfactants and surface active agent, when they are used in good concentrations. The influence of the injection volume and duration of contact of the flush fluid with the rock were taken into account as the main emphasis was on how to increase the efficiency of the designed fluid on the near well zone. The works on the new recipe of flush fluid and its efficiency were based on the measurement of adhesiveness of hardened cement slurry and the rock sample, from which mud cake was removed with the use of flush fluid. The analysis of the laboratory results shows that the efficiency of mud cake removal was considerably increased when the presented flush fluid was applied.
EN
One of the most important environmental issues bothering scientists nowadays are greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide, and the possibility of limiting their emission and utilization. Many countries have been actively trying to limit the greenhouse gases emission, mainly carbon dioxide, and implement the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology for years. One of the essential aspects of geological injection is constant monitoring of carbon dioxide, especially its pressure and temperature. Those parameters have an impact on viscosity, density and phase alterations during the flow. It is of vital importance to maintain the supercritical state of the fluid because it is the most efficient way of CO2 storage. The negative impact of CO2 on the properties of the cement slurry may disturb the exploitation of the well and create considerable hazard for the geological storage of carbon dioxide. Therefore, the cement slurry should be appropriately selected and the role of CO2 in the development of technological properties of fresh and hardened cement slurry should be determined. The aim of this research is to select the most appropriate cement slurry composition exhibiting optimal properties with respect to the phase changes of carbon dioxide. The first part of the research consists in creating cement slurries of various compositions and investigating its thermal conductivity and sogginess under in-situ conditions. The second part concerns a possibility of utilization of fluidal ashes from combustion of lignite as a component of cement slurry.
PL
W Polsce podstawowym źródłem energii elektrycznej i cieplnej jest nadal węgiel kamienny i brunatny. Podczas procesu spalania węgli powstają duże ilości produktów ubocznych, m.in.: popioły lotne, żużle paleniskowe oraz dostające się do atmosfery szkodliwe związki chemiczne w postaci gazu (CO2, NOx, związki siarki). Popioły lotne, z uwagi na swoją dużą miałkość (zbliżoną do cementu), skład chemiczny i fazowy oraz reaktywność, znalazły szerokie zastosowanie w rozwiązaniach technologicznych, m.in.: w produkcji cementu zwykłego, masywnego, hydrotechnicznego oraz cementów nowej generacji. Stosowanie odpowiedniego dodatku popiołów lotnych ma pozytywny wpływ na właściwości świeżego i stwardniałego betonu, a także umożliwia proekologiczne i ekonomiczne wytworzenie mieszanki cementowej. Eksploatacja bogactw naturalnych Ziemi związana jest z wykonywaniem na różnych głębokościach wyrobisk górniczych. Po pewnym czasie pułap wyrobiska ulega załamaniu, co pociąga za sobą obsunięcie się górnych warstw i wytworzenie się na powierzchni ziemi zagłębienia, tzw. niecki lub zapadliska. Taki rozwój sytuacji, wymusza potrzebę wzmacniania podłoża oraz uszczelniania górotworu. Aby zminimalizować ryzyko związane z problemami geotechnicznymi na terenach pogórniczych, należy stosować takie rozwiązania inżynierskie, które w sposób uniwersalny, ekonomiczny oraz wydajny poprawią nośność gruntów. Prowadzi to do rozwoju badań nad nowymi recepturami cementu stosowanego podczas prac geoinżynieryjnych, zwłaszcza na terenach górniczych. Co więcej, wymagania ekonomiczne zmuszają inżynierów do stosowania tańszych rozwiązań techniczno- technologicznych przy jednoczesnym zachowaniu właściwości wytrzymałościowych. Przykładem takiego rozwiązania jest użycie odpowiednich dodatków do receptur zaczynów uszczelniających, które zmniejszają całkowity jednostkowy koszt zabiegu.
EN
The main energy source in Poland is still hard coal and lignite. The coal combustion process produces large quantities of by-products, e.g. fly ashes, slag furnace and harmful chemical gases (CO2, NOx, sulfur compounds) which enter the atmosphere. Fly ashes, due to their being fine grained (cement-like), chemical and phase compound and reactivity, have also been widely used in various technological solutions e.g. in the production of ordinary cement, hydro-technical cement and the new generation of cements. The adequate amount of fly ashes additive has a positive effect on fresh and hardened cement slurry properties. What is more, it allows for the pro-ecological and economic production of cement mix The exploitation of natural resources is connected with performance mining excavations at different depths. After a certain period of time, those voids break down which, in turn, leads to the slip of upper layers and the so-called landslides forming on the surface. This situation imposes the necessity of basis and sealing rock mass reinforcement. To minimize the risk connected to geotechnical problems on the mining areas, there is a need to use engineering solutions which could improve soil bearing in a universal, economical and efficient way. This leads to the development of new cement slurry recipes used during geoengineering works, especially in the mining areas. Moreover, economic requirements are forcing engineers to use less expensive technical and technological solutions simultaneously maintaining strength properties. An example of such a solution is to use suitable additives to cement slurry which could reduce the total unit cost of the treatment.
PL
Zaczyny uszczelniające przeznaczone do cementowania kolumn rur okładzinowych w głębokich otworach muszą odznaczać się ściśle określonymi parametrami technologicznymi, pozwalającymi na skuteczne zastosowanie ich w danych warunkach otworowych. Jednym z takich parametrów jest filtracja zaczynu uszczelniającego, która powinna odznaczać się jak najmniejszą wartością. Domieszki chemiczne służące do regulacji filtracji oferowane są przez Serwisy Cementacyjne. Mechanizm ich działania w zaczynach uszczelniających jest złożony i w większości przypadków oprócz ograniczenia filtracji dodatkowo powodują pogorszenie właściwości reologicznych zaczynu. Przedstawiono wyniki badań laboratoryjnych wpływu nowo syntezowanego w Katedrze Wiertnictwa i Geoinżynierii Wydziału Wiertnictwa, Nafty i Gazu Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej w Krakowie polimeru obniżającego filtrację zaczynu, który nie ingeruje w sposób istotny na wzrost parametrów reologicznych w porównaniu z domieszkami stosowanymi dotychczas.
EN
The title polymer and a com. additive for reducing rate of filtration were sep. introduced into the sealing slurries used for cementing the casing in deep wells. Filtration rate and rheol. parameters of both types of suspensions were detd. according to the relevant std. The tested polymer was recommended for making slurries.
PL
Zasolenie odpadów wiertniczych jest czynnikiem determinującym wybór opcji ich zagospodarowania. Wpływa również na koszty ich utylizacji. Większość soli obecnych w odpadach wiertniczych wykazuje dużą dynamikę i łatwość ługowania. Określenie poziomu zasolenia tych odpadów powinno stanowić istotne kryterium możliwości ich zagospodarowania nie tylko w środowisku gruntowo-wodnym, w geotechnice, ale także w inżynierii materiałowej. Zwrócono uwagę na szczególnie dużą zawartość łatwo ługowalnych soli w odpadach wiertniczych, których odsalanie jest koniecznym etapem utylizacji.
EN
Some elements contained in aq. and non-aq. drilling liqs. were detd. by std. elution test. Chem. compns. of eluates as well as their electrolytic cond. were detd. by at. absorption spectrometry and conductometry, resp. The eluates derived from aq. waste contained much more Na, K, Ca, Cl ions and revealed better electrolytic cond. than the non-aq. eluates. A preliminary desalination of the wastes was recommended.
PL
Opracowano oryginalne receptury cementowych zaczynów uszczelniających pozwalające na minimalizację pozarurowych ekshalacji gazu. Zastosowano materiał zwiększający objętość kamienia cementowego DR 100 oraz lateks w celu zmniejszenia jego przepuszczalności dla gazu. Badania wykonano w laboratoriach AGH i na Ukrainie. Na podstawie wyników badań doświadczalnych sformułowano warunki stosowania przebadanych dodatków i zalecane ich zawartości.
EN
Cement slurries were modified by addn. of a dispersing agent (Ca silicate) 6-8% and a butadiene-styrene-amide latex (15-20%) to decrease the permeability of the sealing. The optimum contents of the agent and latex were 6% and 20% by mass, resp.
PL
Na terenach miejskich występuje wiele obszarów o właściwościach geotechnicznych wykluczających je z budownictwa (np. zrekultywowane składowiska odpadów, hałdy, różnego typu tereny nadbrzeżne, podmokłe). Tereny te mogą się stać przydatne dla budownictwa po wzmocnieniu ośrodka gruntowego metodami geoinżynieryjnymi, np. metodą palowania i mikropalowania. Równocześnie, głównie w najbogatszych krajach klimatu umiarkowanego, intensywnie rozwija się geoenergetyka, obejmująca zwłaszcza pozyskiwanie ciepła Ziemi za pośrednictwem otworowych wymienników ciepła. Wymienniki te i pompy ciepła umożliwiają ogrzewanie i chłodzenie (klimatyzację) obiektów budowlanych. Pale nośne z wymiennikami ciepła, poza stawianymi im wymaganiami mechanicznymi, powinny dobrze wymieniać ciepło z otaczającym górotworem. W górnej części może być wskazane termiczne izolowanie nośnika ciepła w palu nośnym, więc receptura powinna zapewniać otrzymanie kamienia cementowego o właściwościach izolacyjnych. Opracowano receptury zaczynów zawierających cement hutniczy oraz grafit i diatomit, dodawane w celu regulowania przewodności cieplnej oraz zbadano wpływ tych dodatków na parametry wytrzymałościowe stwardniałych zaczynów.
EN
Graphite and diatomite were added to cement slurries (up to 20% or 30% by mass, resp.) used for piling. After hardening, the samples were studied for flexural and compressive strength. The best results were achieved when graphite was added to the slurry (20% by mass).
EN
Knowing the data from drilling works which had been carried out in a given area gives the opportunity to develop the next borehole with great precision. An important element of the design is to analyze and interpret data in detail, which can be used during the following drilling process. Based on a literature analysis, certain methods of the selection of drill bits have been indicated. Mechanic specific energy curves of drill bits applied in drilling works in northern Poland have been compared. The drilling works took place in the Precambrian platform. The compared mechanic specific energy curves were calculated with the use of R. Teale and H. Rabia equations. A relation between mechanical specific energy and pressure loss in polycrystalline diamond compact drill bits was determined. New drilling ratio TSE - Total Specific Energy which considers hydraulic power energy in the nozzles of the drill bit was calculated.
EN
The rheological properties of sealing slurries are very important when designing and executing cementing jobs and reinforcing ground and rock mass with the use of drilling technology. In order to ensure a high level of efficiency, the applied sealing slurries should meet several requirements. One of the most important criteria is pumpability. The rheological model and the rheological parameters of the sealing slurries should be properly selected to ensure efficient pumping. On this basis the flow resistance of the slurry in the circulation system can be calculated. The paper presents the results of laboratory experiments on the influence of some liquefiers on the formation of rheological properties of cement slurries used for sealing and strengthening rock mass, and for cementing jobs.
EN
Recently, the intensifying development of shale drilling has contributed to the more numerous realization of directional and horizontal boreholes. Moreover, such boreholes are more advantageous as they provide about 4 times higher production than in their vertical counterparts, give access to poorly drained areas, or production of already developed reservoir, where only a new borehole has to be introduced to the network. It should be stressed that the sealing of the casing columns is a challenge because of the restrictions set before drilling fluids used for sealing horizontal boreholes. Slurries play a special role while sealing horizontal boreholes and therefore their technological parameters and density should be adjusted to the geological-reservoir conditions. At the stage of designing slurries for sealing horizontal boreholes, the most important parameters are: sedimentation stability, zero water settling water settling and low filtration. Meeting these requirements was possible by selecting proper admixtures and additives, which in turn, is a guarantee of the uniform and homogeneous structure of fresh and hardened cement slurry. Thus formed cement sheath of bounded slurry should be impervious to gas and have good mechanical properties over the length of the sealing without any trends of anisotropy of the medium in particular points. Modification and designing specialist recipes for definite technological conditions lie, among others, in choosing proper slurry additives and admixtures. However, obtaining appropriate parameters for given conditions may be connected with a change of other parameters deciding about the efficiency of the sealing of a given horizon. Therefore while working out a new recipe for a slurry, the designer should account for the analytical results and influence of the applied agents on all of the parameters of slurry. This is the subject matter of the paper.
EN
The fast development of low-temperature geothermal energy affects the search for newer and newer solutions and materials used in the construction of borehole heat exchangers. One of the most important factors affecting the correct operation of heat pump systems with borehole heat exchangers is appropriately selected solidified grout. Solidifies grout has to be characterized by the highest thermal conductivity and good sealing borehole heat exchangers. The paper will present the impact of graphite on the thermal conductivity of solidified grout.
EN
The use of suitable materials for the preparation of sealing grout is an important issue from the point of view of the correct construction of borehole heat exchangers and geothermal wells. The minimization of the loss of heat during the transport of thermal water in geothermal wells can be achieved by use of sealing slurries with reduced thermal conductivity. Such slurries are also recommended in the upper part of deep borehole heat exchangers and the upper part of energy piles. The publication describes the impact of the addition of diatomite as a material lowering the thermal conductivity of solidified grout.
EN
Water surrounding every salt mine creates catastrophic hazard for that place. One of such cases is uncontrollable flooding of the Wapno Salt Mine, near Innowrocław (see article Kortas G. and Maj A., Przegląd Solny, 10, 2014). The causes of catastrophic water fluxes to the Mina traverse located in level IV at a depth of 170 m b.s. in the historical Wieliczka Salt Mine is presented in this paper. The complex geological build of the immediate neighborhood of the Mina traverse was described, paying attention to the evidently disadvantageous hydrogeological conditions in the northern part of the salt dome. The most important actions aimed at limiting the water hazard in Wieliczka Salt Mine concentrated on managing and so liquidating the disastrous flux of water and solids to the Mina traverse, which started in 1992. A unique solution was proposed to solve this problem, i.e. an internal safety pillar was construed with the use of dedicated unique technologies.
EN
The recipe of cement slurry contains a number of additives and admixtures used for obtaining appropriate technological parameters. Some of these agents have a loose form and their density is higher or lower than that of working water, which may result in sedimentation of solid phase. For the sake of eliminating this effect, the viscosity of the working fluid should be increased to keep the fine solids over the entire volume of the slurry. This can be done with the use of appropriate high-molecular polymers. However, bearing in mind the cost of the polymers, bentonite is most frequently applied. Bentonite (montmorillonite) has a packet build and the resulting higher water-demand causes an increase of viscosity of working fluid. It is most frequently used to improve the sedimentation stability, though the presence of this additive is not neutral for the technological parameters of the slurry. During research works aimed at analyzing the influence of montmorillonite on the parameters of fresh and hardened cement slurry predefined quantities of bentonite were used in proportion to the working water. Reference recipes of slurries were worked out to trace the changes. The following properties of the slurry were defined: rheological parameters, filtration, thickening time, water settling, sedimentation stability. For hardened cement samples the bentonite addition was analyzed in view of its influence on the mechanical properties (compressive strength), physicochemical parameters (adhesiveness to steel pipes and adhesiveness to rock formation). Additionally, hardened cement slurry underwent analyses describing the microstructure of the sample porosity and permeability tests). For the sake of determining the influence of mineral additives on parameters of slurry and the hardened slurry there were performer tests for recipes of slurries to be used in wellbore conditions at temperature from 30°C to 90°C and pressure from 5 MPa to 35 MPa.
EN
The increasing requirements for the quality and amount of geological information induce the development of new technological solutions. The authors present the optimization of the coring method for a newly defined criterion of maximum geological information quality. It enables the efficiency of works to be improved without investing in new specialist and expensive equipment. The statistical classification methods commonly used in medicine and the economy were used for analyzing the homogeneity of the drilled rocks. The quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) and the Naive Bayes classifier method turned out to be most efficient, therefore they were selected from among other methods differing in the way the classification rules are built. The newly defined criterion of maximum geological information quality and the mathematical model of maximum core recovery allowed the amount and the quality of recovered rock material in the geologic conditions of the Grodziec Syncline to be incresed. The control of the process relied on detecting phenomena responsible for core damaging, i.e. erosiveness of drilling mud, mechanical damaging due to jamming in the core barrel and unstable operation of the core bit downhole. The analysis revealed that the main factor influencing the lower recovery of cores is mechanical damaging due to jamming in the core barrel. For the sake of controlling the core recovery, the authors defined and used the jamming index which defines the effect of weight on bit on momentary rate of penetration. The efficiency of this method was proved by a test performed in industrial conditions while drilling a successive wellbore in the Grodziec Syncline. This paper was written on the basis of own experience and analyses performed by the authors while conducting works in the Grodziec Syncline in the South West Poland.
PL
Coraz większe wymogi co do jakości i ilości informacji geologicznej wymuszają ciągłe udoskonalanie technik i technologii ich pozyskiwania. W artykule tym autorzy przedstawili metodę optymalizacji procesu rdzeniowania dla nowo zdefiniowanego kryterium maksymalnego uzysku rdzenia, które jednocześnie jest kryterium maksymalnej jakości informacji geologicznej. Pozwala ona na poprawę efektywności prowadzonych prac bez konieczności inwestycji w nowy, specjalistyczny i drogi sprzęt. Do badania jednorodności przewiercanych stref zaadaptowane zostały powszechnie stosowane w medycynie i ekonomii statystyczne metody klasyfikacji. Spośród przeanalizowanych metod różniących się sposobem budowy reguły klasyfikacyjnej największą efektywnością wykazała się metoda QDA (quadratic discriminant analysis) oraz naiwny klasyfikator bayesowski (Naive Bayes classifier). Zdefiniowane nowe kryterium maksymalnego uzysku rdzenia oraz opracowany matematyczny model uzysku rdzenia pozwolił na zwiększenie ilości, jak i jakości uzyskanego materiału do analiz, w warunkach geologicznych synkliny grodzieckiej. Sterowanie procesem polegało na detekcji zjawisk niszczenia rdzenia, tj. erozyjnego oddziaływania płuczki wiertniczej na rdzeń, mechanicznego niszczenia rdzenia na skutek klinowania się go w aparacie rdzeniowym, a także niestabilnej pracy narzędzia na dnie otworu. Analiza wykazała, że głównym czynnikiem wpływającym na zmniejszone uzyski rdzenia jest mechaniczne niszczenie na skutek klinowania. Do kontroli wartości uzysku rdzenia autorzy zdefiniowali i wykorzystali wskaźnik klinowania przedstawiający wpływ nacisku osiowego na chwilową prędkość wiercenia. Skuteczność opracowanej metodyki potwierdził test przeprowadzony w warunkach przemysłowych, podczas wiercenia kolejnego otworu na obszarze synkliny grodzieckiej. Artykuł ten powstał na podstawie własnych doświadczeń i analiz przeprowadzonych przez autorów podczas realizacji prac na obszarze synkliny grodzieckiej w południowo-zachodniej części Polski.
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