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1

Przyrodnicze i ekonomiczne uwarunkowania gospodarki stawowej w rezerwacie ornitologicznym „Stawy Raszyńskie”

Walczuk T., Romanowski J.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2013

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T. 13, z. 4

175--184

PL

Podstawową funkcją stawów rybnych jest produkcja żywności, jednak ostatnio coraz więcej uwagi poświęca się ich roli w retencjonowaniu i ochronie jakości wody oraz w utrzymaniu bioróżnorodności. Stawy rybne są m.in. ważnym siedliskiem ptaków wodno-błotnych, nierzadko stanowiących swego rodzaju „wyspy bioróżnorodności” w krajobrazach przekształconych przez człowieka. Przykładem wielofunkcyjnego gospodarstwa stawowego są „Stawy Raszyńskie” – zwarty kompleks stawów karpiowych założonych w XVIII w., objęty od 1978 r. ochroną w formie rezerwatu przyrody „Stawy Raszyńskie”. Celem ochrony jest zachowanie cennego siedliska lęgów rzadkich gatunków ptaków oraz zapewnienie żerowisk i miejsc odpoczynku ptaków przelotnych. Wprowadzenie ochrony rezerwatowej znacznie ogranicza możliwości prowadzenia rentownej produkcji karpia (brak możliwości renowacji stawów, zmniejszanie się lustra wody). W ostatnich latach dodatkowym czynnikiem negatywnie wpływającym na jego produkcję było powiększenie się kolonii rozrodczej kormoranów Phalacrocorax carbo na Stawie Falenckim. Kolonia, założona przez kormorany ok. 2007 r., rozrosła się do ok. 100 par lęgowych w 2012 r. Równolegle w tym samym okresie zwiększały się straty w produkcji karpia, które w 2011 r. osiągnęły poziom ok. 76% materiału zarybieniowego narybkowego. Zastosowanie w 2012 r. kompleksowej ochrony stawów przed drapieżnictwem kormoranów doprowadziło do zmniejszenia strat w tym roku do poziomu 58,9% materiału zarybieniowego. Autorzy omawiają ścieżkę legislacyjną, dopuszczającą redukcję liczebności kormorana oraz przedstawiają skuteczność aktywnych metod ukierunkowanych na zahamowanie drapieżnictwa kormoranów.

EN

The main function of fish ponds is food production, but recently more and more attention is being paid to their role in water retention, quality protection and maintaining biodiversity. Fish ponds constitute a very important habitat for water birds, being often a type of “biodiversity islands” among the landscape modified by people. An example of a fish farm playing such a multifunction role is “Stawy Raszyńskie”, a compact complex of carp ponds, established in the 18th century, since 1978 protected in a form of an ornithological nature reserve “Stawy Raszyńskie”. The main goal of protection is the preservation of valuable breeding sites of rare bird species and providing feeding sites and resting place for migratory birds. The introduction of nature protection significantly limits profitable carp production (no possibilities of pond renovation, decreasing water surface). An additional factor, which negatively influences fish production has appeared recently. This is the increasing nesting colony of cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo, situated on the island of Falencki Pond. The colony, set up by cormorants about the year 2007, enlarged to about 100 breeding pairs by the year 2012. Simultaneously, carp production recorded increasing losses which achieved 76% of fish fry in 2011. The implementation of complex protection measures against cormorants’ predation in 2012 led to a decrease of losses in the same year to 58.9% of fish fry. Authors discuss the legislation leading to the reduction of cormorants’ number and present the effectiveness of active methods focussed on the mitigation of cormorants’ predation.

2

Detection of otter (Lutra lutra L.) signs in a survey of Central and Eastern Poland: methodological implications

Romanowski J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2013

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Vol. 61, nr 3

597--604

EN

Searching for spraints (excre ments) and tracks is widely used for monitoring of European populations of otters Lutra lutra. Data collected in Central and Eastern Poland were analysed in order to evaluate the environmental factors affecting the detection of otter signs during field surveys. At each out of 1111 sites studied from 1996–1998 numbers of otter spraints and tracks as well as distance searched to detect first sign were noted. At each site several environmental variables were recorded to identify factors that may have affected the survey results. The variation in numbers of spraints and tracks found at each positive site was not related to the habitat quality and any other habitat features (including tree and shrub cover, presence of potential shelters) analysed, except the number of tracks was positively related to bridge potential. The distance searched was the most variable indicator of otter occurrence. It increased with the width of river and at sites with few potential sprainting sites, with bridges of poor potential or with no bridges at all, and where many signs of human and domesticated animals activity were noted. The results indicate that detection of otter signs is partially affected by specific elements unrelated to habitat potential and therefore numbers of spraints should not be used as an indicator of otter habitat preference. At a regional scale variation in number of spraints and tracks, as well as distance searched was related to otter occupancy expressed in the form of percentage of positive sites at three study areas. This study shows that measuring the distance searched provides additional indication of otter status at a regional scale and could be used to identify specific habitats where detection of otter signs during surveys is difficult.

3

Aspekty techniczne i technologiczne wykorzystania srebra wytwarzanego przez KGHM Polska Miedz SA w procesie produkcji spoiw i materiałów stykowych

Księżarek S., Romanowski J., Śmieszek Z., Malec W., Klir T.

Przegląd Spawalnictwa

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2010

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R. 82, nr 10

37-43

PL

Badano właściwości fizykochemiczne srebra wytwarzanego w formie wlewków (gąsek) i granul przez KGHM Polska Miedź S.A., w celu określenia właściwości metalurgicznych w aspekcie ich wykorzystania do produkcji lutowi próżniowych i materiałów stykowych. Długoletnie doświadczenie IMN w zakresie stosowania tego typu wlewków (gąsek) do produkcji drutów anod i taśm wykazało, że można je bezpośrednio wykorzystywać do wytwarzania tych półwyrobów (bez konieczności przetapiania) pod warunkiem, że zawierają stosunkowo mało tlenu (korzystnie poniżej 100 ppm), nie wykazują porowatości gazowej i odznaczają się w miarę jednorodną mikrostrukturą.

EN

Physical and chemical properties of silver in a form of ingots and granules have been presented indicating that from metallurgical point of view their quality is fully appropriate to use them in the production of high-purity vacuum brazing alloys and contact materials. Many years of experience with using these ingots to produce wires, anodes and strips showed that they can be applied directly as a semi-product for the production of these materials (no re-melting is necessary), due to low oxygen content, no porosity and homogeneous macrostructure.

4

Nest survival in a large river valley: an experiment using artificial nests on an island and bank of Vistula River (Poland)

Żmihorski M., Lewtak J., Brzeziński M., Romanowski J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 1

197-203

EN

Predation pressure, which varies among habitats, is important factor for selection of nesting sites by birds. We investigated artificial nest depredation on an island 23 ha in size and on the river bank covered by willow-poplar forest and meadows in the middle Vistula river valley, in the spring and autumn 2006. We used polyurethane thrush-size nests placed at three heights (ground, bush and tree) with one quail egg. Each nest was checked twice, 7 and 14 days after the beginning of the experiment, in total 381 nest-inspections was included. Additionally, we live-trapped rodents (data from 510 trapnights included) which are potential predators of broods. We found that the survival rate of artificial nests was higher on the island as compared to the bank. Artificial nests placed on the ground revealed the higher survival rate than the nests placed on trees and bushes. Nest survival rate was higher in the autumn than in the spring. Repeatability of the results (survived vs. depredated) for the first and second 7-day period was high but lower on the island as compared to the bank. The abundance of rodents was higher on the bank during the spring, but no difference was recorded in the autumn. Rodents were also more abundant in the autumn than in the spring. This may indicate that survival rates of nests were not affected by rodents directly.

5

Autumn sexual display in Tree Sparrows (Passer montanus L.) as a component of the winter survival strategy

Pinowski J., Pinowska B., Zduniak P., Tryjanowski P., Jerzak L., Romanowski J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2009

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Vol. 57, nr 1

159-169

EN

The evolution of organisms leads to the elimination of behaviors that are costly in terms of energy. One of such behaviors in the Tree Sparrow Passer montanus is the autumn display during which these birds construct nests. The purpose of this paper is to find out if this behavior is a part of the strategy for winter survival. The study of Tree Sparrows was conducted near Warsaw, Central Poland. During the breeding season, nest boxes were checked to record the presence of Tree Sparrow nests. Before the autumn display, breeding nests were dyed in order to identify nest material added in the period of autumn display. Nestlings in nest boxes, juveniles, and adults captured in mist-nets were banded with different combinations of color bands to identify their age during visual observations in the period of autumn sexual display. Juveniles and adults caught in mist-nets were classified as molted or not molted birds. In winter, nest boxes were checked to catch the birds roosting in them at night. Autumnal sexual display in Tree Sparrows is similar to the spring display. Both adults and juveniles leave the breeding colony in August and return after molt. They form pairs, copulate and build nests in fall. The autumn display is continued from the first ten days of September to early November. The number of Tree Sparrows participating in the autumn display increases with the percentage of the birds that completed molt in the population. In the first half of September, 16% of the population completed molt, while 99% in mid-October. On the average, adult birds formed pairs on 11 September (SD: 7.7 days), and juveniles on 17 September (SD: 8.0 days). Nest construction was started, on the average, 14.2 [plus or minus]8.7 days after pairing. The advance in nest building was dependent on the time of pair formation. Intensive nest building took place in the last 10-days period of September and in October. Early in November, nest building ceased with the onset of cool weather. The last birds to pair did not construct complete autumn nests and in winter they roosted in shrubs or in tree crowns. The building of autumn nest as a consequence of the autumn display, serving as a roosting place in winter, can be a consequence of natural selection promoting this behaviour.

6

Small mammals in the diet of the Tawny Owl (Strix aluco L.) in Central European Lowland

Żmihorski M., Balciauskiene L., Romanowski J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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Vol. 56, nr 4

693-700

EN

We analysed the variation of small mammal species composition in the Tawny Owl Strix aluco L. diet in forest habitats of Central European Lowland. We used published and unpublished materials from forest-dominated landscapes in Lithuania (n = 7 locations), Poland (n = 8) and East Germany (n = 1); marginal localities were ca. 870 km from each other. We recorded that in Central European Lowland the proportion of Arvicolidae in the Tawny Owl diet significantly increased, while that of Muridae decreased toward north-east. The proportion of less common rodent species (including Gliridae and Sicita betulina Pallas) in the diet also increased significantly toward NE. We did not record any trend of small mammals diversity along the analysed transect. We suggest that the change of Arvicolidae to Muridae ratio toward north-east can be caused by the replacement of mice with boreal vole species in small mammal community. Small mammal diversity in Central Europe is subject of discussion.

7

Selection of foraging habitat by grassland birds : effect of prey abundance or availability?

Żmihorski M., Romanowski J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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Vol. 56, nr 2

365-370

EN

Vegetation structure and food availability can significantly modify the composition of farmland avifauna. In the 2006 breeding season we tested the effect of food resources (density of epigeic invertebrates) in two local habitats on foraging of farmland birds. We have been exploring how intensively the foraging birds utilise meadow and pasture habitats in an extensively used farmland area of Central Poland. Two plots were selected in adjacent meadow and pasture each of 0.18 ha where bird and invertebrate sampling was conducted in May 2006. We set five Barber traps active for two weeks at each plot to survey for the epigeic invertebrates which form the main part of farmland birds' diet. In total, we trapped over two thousands invertebrate individuals (mainly Aranea, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera). Visual observations of foraging birds were performed from an elevated observation point located at a 25 m distance from the edge of the plots. We recorded 191 observations of foraging by 12 bird species (mainly Sturnus vulgaris L., Upupa epops L., Cuculus canorus L., Motacilla alba L., Corvus corone L., C. monedula L., Pica pica L.). We found that overall invertebrate density at the meadow was 2.5-fold higher than at the pasture. This was also the case with the invertebrate groups that were preyed upon by the birds. We recorded however a 10-fold higher frequency of foraging of birds at the pasture, as compared to the meadow. Preference of a bird species for foraging at the pasture was inversely correlated with its body mass. We discuss the importance of pastures for the preservation of farmland avifauna.

8

Vistula River Valley as the ecological corridor for mammals

Romanowski J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 4

805-819

EN

River Vistula, one of the large (1047 km in length) European rivers preserved in semi-natural, dynamic condition, is recognized as important corridor that enables birds and fishes to migrate for long distances. To test whether the Vistula valley provides corridor function also for mammals, field surveys and habitat modelling for six target species: Bank vole Myodes glareolus, Yellow-necked mouse Apodemus flavicollis, Pine marten Martes martes, Beaver Castor fiber, Wild boar Sus scrofa, and Elk Alces alces, were under-taken in the 135 km long fragment of the valley from 529 (Warsaw) to 685 km (Włocławek). The data collected documented the occurrence of at least 51 mammals (5 Insectivora, 14 Chiroptera, 1 Lagomorpha, 16 Rodentia, 11 Carnivora, 4 Artiodactyla), and the higest species richness was noted in the fragment of river valley covered with mixed forests which makes up the protected area called Kampinos National Park. This protected area (385 km[^2]) contains coniferous and mixed forests, inland dunes, wetlands, and mosaic of extensively used meadows, pastures, alder forests and fields. The LARCH (Landscape Ecological Analysis and Rules for the Configuration of Habitat) (Van der Sluis and Romanowski 2005) model outputs indicated the potential for large viable populations of species analysed in the river valley. The LARCH SCAN analysis showed that habitats of modelled species were well connected and their local populations formed highly sustainable network. The spatial cohesion of habitats was generally highest in Kampinos NP and along the fragment of River Vistula from 580 to 618 km. It is concluded that high cohesion of habitats facilitates dispersion of animals and provides potential for gene flow among the populations in the valley. Riparian forests and islands are important for connecting the local populations of mammals of two river banks and are the key elements to provide functional continuity of the corridor along the river in places, where it is discontinued on one bank. The scenario analysis demonstrates potentially negative effects of river regulation and construction of two dams on viability of mammalian populations and spatial cohesion of their habitats. The future corridor function of the River Vistula valley depends mostly on preservation of it.s dynamic, semi-natural condition.

9

Ocena ekologicznych skutków rozwoju doliny Wisły na obszarach Natura 2000 przy użyciu modelu LARCH

Kowalczyk K., Romanowski J., Bouwma I.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2006

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Vol. 15, No. 1

5--12

EN

This paper presents different scenarios and their effect on the biodiversity of the two Natura 2000 areas included in the study area of VEDI project. These generał scenarios formed the basis of detailed landscape designs, based on a detailed vegetation map for the Vistula River Valley. Indicator species relevant for conservation were selected to represent specific riverine ecosystems like step banks, sandbanks, semiaquatic habtiat, forests, and meadows. The model LARCH was used to assess whether these ecosystems at present still function as an ecological network. Also the modelling results show the potential for biodiversity of the different scenarios.

10

Możliwość nadbudowy budynków z betonu komórkowego po wieloletniej eksploatacji

Romanowski J., Kruk M., Zapotoczna-Sytek G.

Materiały Budowlane

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2003

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nr 11

35-37

11

Inwestycje proekologiczne AWRSP w Pomorskiem

Niecko S., Romanowski J.

Przegląd Komunalny

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2002

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nr 11

114-114

PL

AWRiSP oddział terenowy w Gdańsku prowadzi inwestycje w zakresie remontów i modernizacji infrastruktury mieszkaniowej poprzez Zakład Gospodarki Mieszkaniowej Handlu i Usług. W ciągu całego okresu przeprowadzono ok. 100 inwestycji w zakresie modernizacji i remontów oczyszczalni ścieków, kotłowni, kanalizacji, wodociągów i budynków mieszkalnych. Ponadto 60 inwestycji zostało dokonanych wspólnie z gminami, a majątek infrastrukturalny przekazany został nieodpłatnie gminom i spółdzielniom mieszkaniowym.

12

Zagrożenie włóknami azbestu na stanowiskach pracy w zakładach górnictwa skalnego.

Jerzak S., Nędza Z., Romanowski J.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Górnictwa Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Konferencje

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2001

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Vol. 93, nr 30

145-154

PL

Azbesty są powszechnie znanym czynnikiem kancerogennym i pylicotwórczym. W przypadku kopalń i zakładów przetwarzających surowce skalne istnieje konieczność zbadania składu mineralnego surowców, a także sprawdzenia w mikroskopie świetlnym, czy w pyle na stanowiskach pracy występują włókna respirabilne. Przedstawiono wyniki badań 4 próbek granitu z kopalni "A" w rejonie Strzegomia, które dostarczono w postaci kostek o wymiarach 50x50 mm. W przygotowanym do badań materiale w postaci płytek 20x10 mm sprawdzono pod mikroskopem przy powiększeniu 100x do 600x około 70% powierzchni, zwracając szczególną uwagę na ziarna przypominające igły lub włókna. Wykonano jednocześnie mikrosondą rentgenowską analizę składu chemicznego ziaren obserwowanych pod mikroskopem elektronowym. Analizę wykonano dla przypadkowo wybranych ziaren ciemnych i jasnych oraz przypominających strukturę pasmową.

EN

The asbestos is commonly known carcinogenic and pneumoconiosis generating factor. In case of mines and rock minerals processing plants, it is necessary to study mineral composition of raw materials and also, to check in the light microscope whether respirable fibres are conteined in the dust at work-places There are presented testing results of four granite samples from Mine-A in the Strzegom region, which were supplied in from of cubes sized 50x50 mm. In the material to be tested in from of plates sized 20x10 mm. some 70% of area has been checked under microscope with magnifying power from 600 times, paying special attention to grains similar to needles or fibres. Simultaneously using X-ray microprobe, the analysis was made for chemical composition of grains observed under electron microscope. The analysis has been made for randomly selected dark and light grains and also, for resembling stripped structure.

13

Przetwornik położenia kątowego wirnika mikrosilnika

Bodnicki M., Romanowski J.

Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka

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2001

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R. 5, nr 7/8

47--50

PL

Przedstawiono koncepcję przetwornika położenia kątowego wirnika mikrosilnika prądu stałego, w którym wielkością wejściową jest sygnał proporcjonalny do pulsacji prądu wywołanych zjawiskami komutacyjnymi. Scharakteryzowano wyniki badań eksperymentalnych, na podstawie których przyjęto schemat blokowy przetwornika. Przedstawiono model symulacyjny systemu mikrosilnik-przetwornik i wnioski z badań symulacyjnych. Zaprezentowano wyniki badań potwierdzających poprawność pracy prototypu przetwornika.

EN

An idea of angular position transducer for DC micromotors' rotor is presented. The input signal is proportional to pulsation of the motor current resulting from commutation effect. The results of experimental investigations are described. Basing on them the transducer block scheme is proposed. The simulation model of the system including micromotor and transducer is presented, and conclusions from simulation tests are shown. Some results of experiments confirming correctness of prototype transducer operation are also inserted.

14

Beton komórkowy odmany 300 z "Prefabetu Bielsko-Biała"

Zapotoczna-Sytek G., Szudrowicz B., Kowalski R., Romanowski J.

Materiały Budowlane

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2000

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nr 6

108-110