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The management of power supply security of mine water pumping station

Magdziarczyk Małgorzata, Chmiela Andrzej, Smoliński Adam

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 194

295--314

EN

Purpose: Growing global warming increases the threat of energy supply security in the form of the “blackout” phenomenon. Pumping stations pump out approximately 100 million m3 of water annually (data from 2023). Discontinuation of mine water pumping would expose neighbouring mines and lower-lying areas to flooding. Design/methodology/approach: For the designed database of functional scenarios of the mine water pumping station, the optimal variant was selected based on economic and ecological criteria as well as the energy security criterion. Findings: The research analyzed five technically feasible variants of modernization of mine water pumping stations. Each variant is characterized by a different degree of security of energy supply and a different level of meeting energy demand. Research limitations/implications: All variants of modernization of the pumping station provide for the production of electricity for own needs. All investment attractiveness factors should be taken into account while making investment decisions. It is up to the decision-maker to make the final multi-criteria decision so as to implement the selected variant. Practical implications: One of the challenge is to ensure security of energy supplies in the event of a sudden energy shortage. Pumping stations have some retention, nevertheless a longer shutdown time could lead to environmental problems. Removing the damage would definitely require large financial expenditures and would take several years. Social implications: The planned project of the energy supply security can have a positive impact on the local community and economy. The projects discussed will create new markets related to "green energy". Originality/value: The aim of the article is to assess the investment relevance of safety projects for power supply to mine water pumping stations. The combination of the problems of drainage of liquidated mines, the use of renewable energy sources and energy storage to improve the security of power supply to pumping stations has not been the subject of scientific research so far.

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Analiza odporności na brak zasilania z krajowej sieci energetycznej w zmodernizowanej pompowni wód kopalnianych

Chmiela Andrzej, Guja Sebastian, Smoliński Adam

Rynek Energii

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2024

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Nr 2

56--66

PL

Postępujące globalne ocieplenie stwarza rosnące zagrożenie dla bezpieczeństwa dostaw energii w postaci zjawisk „blackoutu”. Celem artykułu jest ocena celowości inwestycyjnej projektów bezpieczeństwa energetycznego przepompowni wód dołowych. Połączenie problematyki odwadniania opuszczonych kopalń, wykorzystania OZE i magazynowania energii dla poprawy bezpieczeństwa zasilania przepompowni nie było dotychczas przedmiotem badań naukowych. Zaprzestanie odpompowywania wód dołowych naraziłoby sąsiednie kopalnie i niżej położone tereny na zalanie. W artykule przeanalizowano cztery technicznie wykonalne warianty modernizacji przepompowni wód kopalnianych. Każdą z opcji charakteryzuje inny poziom bezpieczeństwa dostaw energii i inny poziom zaspokojenia zapotrzebowania na energię. Wszystkie warianty modernizacji przepompowni uwzględniają wytwarzanie energii elektrycznej na własne potrzeby.

EN

Increasing global warming poses a growing threat to the security of energy supply in the form of "blackout" phenomena. The purpose of this article is to assess the investment appropriateness of mine water pumping station energy security projects. The combination of the problems of dewatering abandoned mines, application of RES and energy storage to improve the security of power supply to pumping stations has not yet been the subject of scientiﬁc research. The cessation of mine water pumping would expose neighboring mines and lower—lying areas to ﬂooding. This paper analyzes four technically feasible variants for upgrading mine water pumping stations. Each option is characterized by a different level of energy supply security and a different level of energy demand satisfaction. All of the modernization options for the pumping stations include the generation of electricity for own use.

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Analiza możliwości obniżenia kosztów uzdatniania wody w projektach samowystarczalności energetycznej pompowni wód kopalnianych

Magdziarczyk Małgorzata, Czerwiński Stefan, Wysocka Małgorzata, Chmiela Andrzej, Smoliński Adam

Rynek Energii

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2024

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Nr 2

43--55

PL

Zmiany klimatyczne, nadmierna emisja gazów cieplarnianych oraz pogarszająca się jakość zasobów wodnych, wymusza działania łagodzące skutki działalności przemysłowej. W artykule przedstawiono przykład możliwości planowania zmian techniczno-organizacyjnych rutynowych działań Spółki Restrukturyzacji Kopalń S.A., związanych z odpompowywaniem wód dołowych w taki sposób, by zarówno ograniczyć wykorzystanie energii ze źródeł kopalnych, zminimalizować emisję CO2, jaki i przyczynić się do ograniczenia zużycia wody ze źródeł konwencjonalnych. Wyniki badań dowiodły, że dostępne projekty w zakresie samowystarczalności energetycznej SRK S.A. charakteryzuje zróżnicowana atrakcyjność inwestycyjną w zależności od przyjętego kryterium oceny, lecz za najbardziej pożądane należy uznać te projekty, w których balans pomiędzy nakładami inwestycyjnymi, a prognozowanym zabezpieczeniem zaopatrzenia w wodę, potrzebami energetycznymi i oczekiwaniami społecznymi jest najkorzystniejszy.

EN

Climate change, excessive emission of greenhouse gases and deterioration of the quality of water resources require measures to mitigate the effects of industrial activity. The article presents an example of the possi bility of planning technical and organizational changes in the routine activities of Spółka Restrukturacji Kopalń S.A. related to the pumping of mine water in such a way as to limit the use of energy from fossil sources, minimize carbon dioxide emissions and contribute to the reduction of water consumption from conventional sources. The results of the research have shown that the available projects in the ﬁeld of energy self-sufﬁciency of SRK S.A. are characterized by a variety of different investment attractiveness, depending on the applied evaluation criterion. Nevertheless, the most desirable projects should be those in which the balance between the investment costs and the forecasted security of water supply, energy needs and social expectations is the most favorable.

4

Poprawa efektywności energetycznej i ekonomicznej przykładowej przepompowni wód z niecki bezodpływowej

Guja Sebastian, Piotrowski Janusz, Niesporek Łukasz, Chmiela Andrzej, Smoliński Adam

Napędy i Sterowanie

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2024

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R. 26, nr 1

30--34

PL

Wieloletnie wydobycie węgla kamiennego spowodowało deniwelację powierzchni terenu, a ta zmieniła warunki hydrogeologiczne. Przez zmiany w morfologii terenu zwiększyło się zagrożenie podtopieniami na powierzchni terenów dotkniętych wpływem eksploatacji górniczej. Bez profilaktyki zalewowej pojawiać się będą zalania i podtopienia stref najbardziej obniżonych oraz zanieczyszczenie wód powierzchniowych, źródeł wody pitnej. W publikacji przeprowadzono analizę możliwości obniżenia kosztów utrzymania funkcjonującej przepompowni wód opadowych z bezodpływowej niecki na terenie zlikwidowanej kopalni. Przedstawiono technicznie możliwe do przeprowadzenia, ekonomicznie uzasadnione rozwiązanie projektowe.

EN

Many years of hard coal mining have caused the land surface to delevelle, which has changed the hydrogeological conditions. Changes in the morphology of the terrain have increased the risk of flooding in areas affected by mining. Without flood prevention, flooding and flooding of the most depressed areas will occur, as well as contamination of surface waters and drinking water sources. The publication analyzes the possibility of reducing the costs of maintaining the functioning rainwater pumping station from a septic tank on the premises of a closed mine. A technically feasible, economically justified design solution was presented.

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Mathematical model for the management of the wave processes in three-winding transformers with consideration of the main magnetic flux in mining industry

Seheda M. S., Beshta O. S., Gogolyuk P. F., Blyznak Yu. V., Dychkovskyi R. D., Smoliński Adam

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2024

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Vol. 23, iss. 1

20--39

EN

The aim of the work is to study the wave processes in three-winding power transformers caused by impulse overvoltage, to create an improved mathematical model for reproducing the process of distribution and transmission of the impulse in the windings of a three-winding power transformer. A mathematical model has been developed for the study of internal overvoltage in the windings of three-winding power transformers, based on the proposed substitute circuit of an infinitesimal element, taking into account the longitudinal and transverse inductive connections between the turns of the winding, the electromagnetic connections between the windings and the flux splitting from the main magnetic flux of the magnetic wire, in the form of a system of differential equations in partial derivatives using a modified method of variable separation. The formation of initial and boundary conditions for this mathematical model is presented. The results of the study of the distribution of overvoltage along the windings of a three-winding power transformer as a function of distance and time during the action of a voltage pulse on them are presented, as well as the distribution of overvoltage at different points of the winding of high, medium and low voltage as a function of time. The study of the wave processes in the windings of a three-winding power transformer makes it possible to form new approaches to the coordination of the insulation in the windings of the transformer, replacing physical experiments. The choice of insulation for high and ultra-high-voltage power transformers remains a particularly difficult engineering task since it is necessary to know the maximum voltage values at different points of the winding. The mathematical model presented can be used to create more complex models that allow a more detailed study of the wave processes.

6

Multi-criteria analysis of the possibility of retrofitting the system of rainwater drainage from subsidence basins in a liquidated mine

Chmiela Andrzej, Wysocka Małgorzata, Smoliński Adam

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2023

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Vol. 22. iss. 4

295--307

EN

Mine closure is the natural final stage of mining activity. The process of financing mine liquidation is complex and expensive. The many years of conducted hard coal extraction affect the surface height differences. Analyses of the shifts in hydrogeological conditions and water hazard states in mining plants led to legal regulation adaptations, primarily in terms of hydrogeological documentation preparation, and made it necessary to conduct work concerning new options for water hazard assessment and prevention. Current subjects of particular interest include shifts in terrain morphology and the water regime, resulting in periodic flooding and permanent flooding of the most depressed areas as well as changes in the directions and intensity of surface water flows. This publication presents a multi-criteria analysis of the possibility of reducing the liquidation costs of an inactive mine through the retrofitting of the existing system of rainwater drainage from subsidence basins. The analysis revealed the primary factors disrupting the course of the drainage process and the problems resulting from them. Technically feasible solutions is presented, together with their assessment. Applying the multi-criteria analysis made it possible to select optimal solutions from a group of proposed technical system retrofitting variants.

7

Managing the rock mass destruction under the explosion

Kononenko Maksym, Khomenko Oleh, Sadovenko Іvan, Sobolev Valeriy, Pazynich Yuliya, Smoliński Adam

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2023

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Vol. 22. iss. 3

240--247

EN

Using the theory of elasticity and the main provisions of the quasi-static-wave hypothesis of the mechanism of the destruction of a solid medium under the action of an explosion, analytical modelling of the parameters of the formation of crumpling zones and crushing of the rock mass around the charging cavity during its explosive loading was carried out. Analytical models of the radii of the crumpling, intensive fragmentation and fracturing zones formed around the charging cavity in the rock mass during its explosive loading, taking into account the pressure of the explosion products, the limit of tensile-compressive strength of the rocks, their structural composition, fracturing and compaction under the action of rock pressure, were developed. Based on the change in the stress-strain state of the rock mass under the action of the explosion, numerical modelling of the radii of the zones of crumpling, intensive fragmentation and fracturing was performed using the finite element method. According to the simulation results, the power dependence of the change in the radii of the crumpling and fragmentation zones of the rock mass was determined depending on the diameter of the charging cavity, the pressure of the explosion products, and the limit of rock compressive strength. By comparing the results of analytical and numerical modelling for rigid boundary conditions of a homogeneous non-cracked rock mass, the difference in the values of the radii of the defined zones was established as being 4, 8 and 6%, respectively. The resulting analytical models of the radii of crushing zones, intensive fragmentation and fracturing increase the accuracy of estimating the parameters of rock mass destruction by explosion by up to 50% and improve the parameters of drilling and blasting operations when carrying out mining operations, special purpose cavities and rocking of the rock mass.

8

Analysis of mercury content inside mining waste dump – case study in the Upper Silesia in Poland

Michalska Anna, Smoliński Adam, Koteras Aleksandra

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2022

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Vol. 67, no. 1

95--106

EN

Mercury is ranked third on the Substance Priority List, an index of substances determined to pose the most significant potential threat to human health compiled by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. This element is activated with the extraction of hard coal and accumulated in the natural environment or re-emitted from the waste deposited on dumping grounds. So far, studies on mercury content have focused on the analysis of the dumps surface and the adjacent areas. In this paper, the detection of mercury content inside mining waste dumping grounds was analysed. The recognition of mercury content in the profile of the mining waste dump is important in terms of the dismantling of the facility. The dismantling may pose a risk of environmental pollution with mercury due to the possibility of increased fire risk, re-emission, and the transfer of xenobiotics to another place. In this paper, the study of mercury content in the mining waste dump profile was presented. The research demonstrated that there is no significant relationship between the mercury content and the sampling depth. The mercury content in the mining waste was determined based on the rank and origin of hard coal only. Therefore, intensive efforts should be undertaken to identify the environmental hazards arising from the dismantling of mining waste dumps and to adopt measures to prevent these hazards.

9

Application of synthetic aperture radar interferometry to monitor surface deformations of the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) - a case study of the motorways crossing areas of mining operations in the Upper Silesian coal basin, Poland

Stawinoga Mariusz, Pindel Tomasz, Smoliński Adam

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2021

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Vol. 20, iss. 3

136--143

EN

Underground hard coal mining causes surface deformations. When the mining operations are conducted beneath linear objects, such as motorways, there is a risk of deformations of the axis of the road and its horizontal and vertical alignment (additional bends and vertical curvatures, longitudinal inclinations, deformations of cross-sections). In the areas subjected to mining operations, mining plants conduct geodetic monitoring. Due to their labour intensity and costs, geodetic measurements are usually made only a few times a year. The article discusses the possibility of applying Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to monitor the subsidence of the vertical alignment of motorways caused by mining operations and its advantages and disadvantages compared to the currently used methods of geodetic measurements. The tests were conducted in two sections of motorways within the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland) in the areas of intensive hard coal mining operations. Radar imaging of the surface made by the European Space Agency's (ESA) satellite Sentinel-1 equipped with the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) was used.

10

Thermochemical utilization of low rank coal and flotation concentrate

Gąsior Rafał, Smoliński Adam

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2019

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Vol. 18, iss. 2

109--111

EN

Flotation concentrates are waste material from coal mine operation. The process of steam gasification seems to be an attractive option for their economic utilization and an alternative to their potential combustion in boilers. The gasification process is characterized by both higher efficiency and lower emission of pollution than conventional combustion systems. In this paper the results of the steam gasification of low rank coal and flotation concentrate into hydrogen-rich gas at the temperature of 800 °C are presented. The reactivity for 50% carbon conversion as well as the maximum reactivity in this process were calculated for the samples studied.

11

Toxicological evaluation of thermal treatment of drilling waste from shale gas exploration in Poland

Drzewicz Przemysław, Nałęcz-Jawecki Grzegorz, Drobniewska Agata, Zgadzaj Anna, Smoliński Adam, Krzan Marcel, Starzycka Anita

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2019

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Vol. 26, nr 1

45--57

EN

The oil containing drilling waste is a worldwide environmental problem associated with oil and gas exploration. In Poland, the problem of the drilling waste has become important since starting of shale gas exploration. The results of thermal treatment of drilling waste from shale gas exploration are presented. It has been shown that organic content vaporized completely at temperature up to 500 °C. The main problem is high content of chloride, sulfate, sodium, potassium, magnesium in the waste and its water leachate. Toxicity tests confirmed that high salinity of the samples pose important risk for environment. Due to the high content of barium, the drilling waste may be utilized in production of cement with high chemical and heat resistance and opaque to X-ray. Thermal treatment process is a viable option for remediation of the drilling waste; however, the product of the process needs further treatment in order to remove its high salinity.