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Electrowetting-based beam scanner with controllable field of view

Zhao Rui, Zhang Kai, Kou Songfeng, Wei Xian, Liang Zhongcheng

Optica Applicata

2023

Vol. 53, nr 4

655--665

A beam scanner based on electrowetting with controllable field of view is designed. Depending on the first-order paraxial approximation, the scanning path and scanning radius of the beam scanner are derived. Its physical model and properties are established and analyzed with the help of by using the COMSOL and MATLAB. The results show that the scanning beam emitting from the beam scanner realizes 360° scanning freely, and its controllable field of view varies from 0 to 65.3 m successfully under the action of working voltage. The two liquid interfaces in the beam scanner can rotate clockwise or counterclockwise independently, and their inclination angle ranges from 0° to 45°. When the two liquid interfaces turn in the same direction, the scanning effect of edge field is better than that of the central zone. While the scanning effect of the central area is greatly improved and better than that of the edge field when the two liquid interfaces turn in the different direction. In addition, the rotation frequencies of the two interfaces affect the performance of the beam scanner.

A numerical and experimental study of marine hydrogen–natural gas–diesel tri–fuel engines

Zhao Rui, Xu Leping, Su Xiangwen, Feng Shiquan, Li Changxiong, Tan Qinming, Wang Zhongcheng

Polish Maritime Research

2020

nr 4

80--90

Maritime shipping is a key component of the global economy, representing 80–90% of international trade. To deal with the energy crisis and marine environmental pollution, hydrogen-natural gas-diesel tri-fuel engines have become an attractive option for use in the maritime industry. In this study, numerical simulations and experimental tests were used to evaluate the effects of different hydrogen ratios on the combustion and emissions from these engines. The results show that, in terms of combustion performance, as the hydrogen proportion increases, the combustion ignition delay time in the cylinder decreases and the laminar flame speed increases. The pressure and temperature in the cylinder increase and the temperature field distribution expands more rapidly with a higher hydrogen ratio. This means that the tri-fuel engine (H2 +CH4 +Diesel) has a faster response and better power performance than the dual-fuel engine (CH4 +Diesel). In terms of emission performance, as the hydrogen proportion increases, the NO emissions increase, and CO and CO2 emissions decrease. If factors such as methane escape into the atmosphere from the engine are considered, the contribution of marine tri-fuel engines to reducing ship exhaust emissions will be even more significant. Therefore, this study shows that marine hydrogen-natural gas-diesel tri-fuel engines have significant application and research prospects.