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Frost Resistance of Concretes with Low-Clinker Cements Depending on Curing Time

Góra Jacek, Grzegorczyk-Frańczak Małgorzata

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no 6

406--421

EN

The article presents the results of tests on the frost resistance, water absorption, and compressive strength of concretes made with three types of cement: CEM I, CEM II/B-M (S-V), and CEM III/A, evaluated after different curing periods (28, 56, and 90 days). Additionally, to assess the effects of the minimum 4% air entrainment recommended by the EN 206 standard, concrete mixes with the same composition but containing an air-entraining admixture in a constant amount of 0.15% by cement mass, were prepared. For a more comprehensive characterization of the concretes, tests were also conducted on the concrete mixes and the physical properties of the concretes, such as density, water absorption, and total porosity, were determined. The paper also presents significant results on the pore distribution in the air-entrained concretes, confirming the achievement of very good basic air-entrainment parameters in all concretes. Based on the test results, it was found that both the type of cement and the introduction of an air-entraining admixture significantly influence not only the frost resistance of the concretes but also their compressive strength depending on the curing time of the samples. This is particularly evident in the low-clinker cements CEM II and CEM III. It was observed that in the case of concretes with these cements, it is possible to achieve an almost zero decrease in compressive strength after 150 cycles of freezing and thawing after 90 days of curing.

2

Effect of Surface Hydrophobization on the Durability of Concrete with Cement Kiln Dust

Grzegorczyk-Frańczak Małgorzata, Andrzejuk Wojciech, Hunek Robert, Łagód Grzegorz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no 3

214--233

EN

The examinations of concrete involved partial substitution of cement with Cement Kiln Dust (CKD - 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30%). The water/cement (w/c) ratio amounted to 0.36. The obtained findings pertaining to open porosity, density, and volumetric density were found to correlate with the capillary action and absorptivity of the analyzed types of concrete. With the maximum addition of CKD, i.e. 30%, open porosity decreased by 35%. In turn, CKD added in the amount of 5% resulted in a slightly reduced addition compressive strength, amounting to 1.3% and 2.1% following 28 days and 56 days of concrete curing, respectively. After 28 days, the differences in strength were greater when the additive was supplied in higher amounts, i.e. 10%, 20%, and 30%, resulting in 6.5%, 13.4%, and 22.9% decrease, respectively, in spite of strength improvement. In terms of flexural and splitting tensile strengths, comparable relations were noted. As far as the frost resistance test results are concerned, the mass losses in all examined concretes were not significant, reaching up to 0.5%. The strength reduction in the case of the first three series of concretes was below 3%. When the CKD addition was increased to 20% and 30%, the value of the dynamic modulus of elasticity Ec,s decreased to a greater degree, by 8.0% and 14.7%, respectively. The hydrophobization effect is best seen in CKD-free concrete. After the impregnation, the loss of mass following the frost test of the samples is reduced by half. With a higher CKD content, the hydrophobization effectiveness is insignificant. The most favourable results were observed for hydrophobization with the oligomer-based preparation A1.

3

English Temperature and moisture effect on laminated rhombic hyperbolic paraboloid

Chaubey Abhay, Kumar Ajay, Grzegorczyk-Frańczak Małgorzata, Szafraniec Małgorzata

Budownictwo i Architektura

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2019

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Vol. 18, nr 4

23--40

EN

The current work presents a hygrothermal analysis of laminated composite rhombic hyperbolic paraboloids. The cubic variation in displacement field together with cross curvature effects of the shell were used to solve the hygrothermal problem. Because of the parabolic variation of the transverse shear deformation, the shear correction factor was not necessary in this paper. In the mathematical model, the zero conditions of the transverse shear stress at the bottom and top of the shell were applied. The nine-noded curved isoparametric element with seven unknowns in each node was used to implement the present realistic mathematical model. The implementation of the finite element C0 (FE) of the present mathematical model was coded and performed in FORTRAN. The skew hyperbolic paraboloid on which the hygrothermal analysis was conducted had various temperatures, ply orientation, curvatures, moisture concentration, boundary conditions and thickness ratio. The paper shows that with the increase of the skew angle, the non-dimensional deflection decreases, and with the increase of moisture concentration, hygrothermal load and curvature ratio, the deflection increases. The results of the model presented in the paper were compared with other results published in the literature and were found to be consistent with them.