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1

Three-phase contact line expansion during air bubble attachment to hydrophobic solid surface – experiment and modeling

Basarova P., Soušková K., Zawala J.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2018

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Vol. 54, iss. 4

1095--1106

EN

Kinetics of spreading of the three-phase contact hole (dewetting) formed by an air bubble colliding with hydrophobic solid surface, after rupture of intervening liquid film, was studied both experimentally and numerically. During experiments it was found that evolution of the TPC line diameter with time occurs with characteristic S-shaped trend which, in consequence, causing rather unexpected maxima at the TPC line spreading velocity curves. It was determined that position of this maximum appears after 1-2 ms after TPC hole formation and its position (in respect to time) depends on the bubble diameter. In solution of surface-active substance this maximum was much smoother and longer. By means of complementary numerical calculations the source of maxima existence and differences in their position and shapes were explained. It was concluded that this effect has only hydrodynamic origin, caused by different course of bubble shape pulsations during TPC line formation and spreading, which depends on degree of liquid/gas interface immobilization (fluidity retardation).

2

Surface roughness in bubble attachment and flotation of highly hydrophobic solids in presence of frother – experiment and simulations

Kosior D., Kowalczuk P. B., Zawala J.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2018

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Vol. 54, iss. 1

63--72

EN

In this paper, the kinetic of the three-phase contact (TPC) formation and the flotation recovery of highly hydrophobic solids with different surface roughness were studied in pure water and aqueous solutions of n-octanol. The surface roughness varied between 1 to 100 μm. It was found that there was a strong influence of surface roughness on both kinetics of TPC formation and flotation. The time of three phase contact formation and flotation rate were much faster for rough surfaces in both water and aqueous solutions of frother. Irrespective of the surface roughness, at above a certain frother dose, the attachment time increased and the flotation rate decreased. It was related to the presence of air at the hydrophobic solid surfaces. The mechanism of this prolongation of the time of TPC formation at the solid surfaces with different roughness due to the frother overdosage was discussed, and the experimental data were confirmed by numerical simulations.

3

Influence of dynamic adsorption layer formation on bubble attachment to quartz and mica surfaces in solutions of pure and mixed surface-active substances

Wiertel-Pochopień A., Zawala J.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2018

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Vol. 54, iss. 4

1083--1094

EN

The paper presents systematic studies on influence of state of dynamic adsorption layer (DAL) induced at the rising bubble interface on time-scale of the bubble attachment to quartz and mica surfaces immersed in pure n-cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and mixed octanol/CTAB solutions of different concentrations. It was found that in the case of pure CTAB solutions, the influence of DAL on time of bubble attachment and the three-phase contact (TPC) formation (tTPC) strongly depends on solution concentration. Generally, two solution concentration regimes were distinguished – low and high - for which different degree of solid surfaces hydrophobization was observed. It was determined that for low concentration regime the solid surface is only slightly hydrophobized while for high regime, hydrophobicity of the solid surface is much higher. Consequently, wetting film rupture for low concentration regime is governed by electrostatic interactions while for high concentration regime significance of these interactions is much smaller. As a result, the DAL influenced the film rupture in these two regimes in a quite different manner. For mixed n-octanol/CTAB solutions it was found that CTAB molecules presence is necessary condition for wetting film destabilization. Moreover, thanks to the developed approach, allowing control of initial adsorption coverage over the bubble surface (independently on concentration), it was proved that constant adsorption degree of CTAB molecules at the bubble surface in the mixture, leads to identical times of the TPC formation.

4

Monitoring of contamination of coal processing plants and environmental waters using bubble velocity measurements – advantages and limitations

Zawala J., Malysa E., Krzan M., Malysa K.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2014

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Vol. 50, iss. 1

143--157

EN

The paper presents fundamentals of a simple physicochemical method (SPMD) and analysis of results obtained when the method was applied for detection of organic contaminations (surface-active substances SAS) in samples of environmental and industrial waters. The method is based on measurements of variations of air bubble local velocities, which can be significantly changed in presence of surface-active contaminants. Lowering of the bubble velocity is a consequence of a motion induced dynamic adsorption layer (DAL) formed over surface of the rising bubble. The DAL formation retards the surface fluidity and the bubble rising velocity can be lowered by over 50% when the bubble surface is completely immobilized. We showed that the SPMD is a very sensitive tool (detection limit even below 1 ppm) for detection of various kinds of surface-active substances (ionic, non-ionic) in water samples. On the basis of results obtained using precise laboratory set-up, an accuracy of the SPMD is discussed. Moreover, effect of inert electrolyte addition on the bubble velocity lowering and value of detection limit of the SPMD is discussed. Simple approach, enabling quantitative analysis of the surface-active contaminants in samples collected, based on “equivalent concentrations” determination, is proposed. Results obtained for industrial (Jankowice and Knurow coal processing plants, Jaslo Refinery channel) and environmental waters (Wisloka and Ropa river) are used for detailed analysis and critical discussion of advantages and limitations of the SPMD.

5

When and how α-terpineol and n-octanol can inhibit the bubble attachment to hydrophobic surfaces

Kosior D., Zawala J., Malysa K.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2011

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Vol. 47

169-182

EN

Kinetics of the three phase contact (TPC) formation and phenomena occurring during collision of the rising bubble with Teflon plates of different surface roughness were studied in distilled water, α-terpineol and n-octanol solutions, using a high-speed camera of frequency 1040 Hz. Influence of solution concentration and surface roughness on time of the TPC formation and the time of drainage of the film formed between the colliding bubble and Teflon surface was determined. The surface roughness of the Teflon plates was varied within range 1- 100 µm. It was found that at small α-terpineol and n-octanol concentrations the time of the TPC formation was shortened in respect to distilled water. However, at their high concentrations the time of TPC formation was again longer and magnitude of this effect depended on the surface roughness. For example for Teflon surface of roughness 40-60 µm the time of TPC formation was even 20-30 ms longer. The data obtained indicate that this effect is related to presence of air at the hydrophobic solid surfaces. The mechanism of this prolongation of the time of TPC formation due to the frother overdosage is proposed.

PL

Badano kinetykę powstawania kontaktu trójfazowego podczas kolizji pęcherzyka w wodzie i w roztworach α-terpineolu i n-oktanolu z płytkami Teflonowymi o różnej szorstkości powierzchniowej, przy użyciu szybkiej kamery o częstotliwości 1040Hz. Określono wpływ stężenia substancji powierzchniowo aktywnych i szorstkości powierzchniowej na czas powstawania kontaktu trójfazowego i czas wyciekania cienkiego filmu ciekłego powstającego pomiędzy pęcherzykiem i powierzchnią Teflonu. Szorstkość powierzchniowa Teflonu była modyfikowana w zakresie 1-100 µm. Wykazano, że w roztworach o małych stężeniach α-terpineolu i n-oktanolu czas powstawania kontaktu trójfazowego uległ skróceniu w porównaniu do wartości zmierzonych w czystej wodzie. Jednakże, przy wysokich stężeniach badanych spieniaczy następowało znowu wydłużenie czasu powstawania kontaktu trójfazowego, a wielkość tego efektu była uzależniona od szorstkości powierzchni płytki teflonowej. Przykładowo dla płytki teflonowej o szorstkości powierzchniowej 40-60 µm czas powstawania kontaktu trójfazowego uległ wydłużeniu nawet o 20-30 ms. Wyniki uzyskane wskazują, że efekt ten jest związany z obecnością powietrza na hydrofobowej powierzchni ciała stałego. W pracy przedstawiono mechanizm wydłużenia czasu powstawania kontaktu trójfazowego przy nadmiernej dawce spieniacza.

6

Influence of adsorption of n-alkyltrimethylammonium bromides (C8, C12, C16) and bubble motion on kinetics of bubble attachment to mica surface

Niecikowska A., Zawala J., Malysa K.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2011

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Vol. 47

237-248

EN

Influence of adsorption of n-alkyltrimethylammonium bromides (C8, C12, C16) and formation of motion induced dynamic architecture of adsorption layer (DAL) over surface of the colliding bubble on kinetics of three-phase contact (TPC) formation at mica surface was studied. The dynamic phenomena occurring during the bubble collisions were monitored using a high-speed camera of frequency 1040 Hz. The effect of solution concentration and the DAL formation, due to the bubble motion, was determined. It was showed that stability of the wetting film formed between the colliding bubble and mica surface was governed by the electrostatic interactions between the film interfaces. It was found that when the distance covered by the bubble (i.e. the distance between the capillary and the mica surface) was L=3 mm (location "close") then the time of the three phase contact formation (tTPC), was significantly shorter than for the L=100 mm (location "far"). The differences between the tTPC for the locations "close" and "far" were the largest at lowest concentration. The mechanism responsible for significant differences in the tTPC values for the location "close" and "far" is described.

PL

Badano wpływ adsorpcji n-alkilotrimetyloamoniowych bromków (C8, C12, C16) oraz utworzenia na powierzchni pęcherzyka, ruchem indukowanej dynamicznej architektury warstwy adsorpcyjnej (DAL), na kinetykę powstawania kontaktu trójfazowego (TPC) na powierzchni miki. Zjawiska zachodzące podczas kolizji pęcherzyka były rejestrowane przy użyciu szybkiej kamery o częstotliwości 1040 Hz. Określono wpływ stężenia roztworów i utworzenia DAL na kinetykę powstawania TPC. Wykazano, że stabilność ciekłego filmu, powstającego w trakcie kolizji pomiędzy pęcherzykiem a powierzchnią miki, jest determinowana przez siły elektrostatyczne pomiędzy granicami faz, które tworzą ciekły film. Kiedy pęcherzyk pokonywał odległość (od kapilary do powierzchni miki) L=3 mm (lokalizacja "blisko") czas powstawania kontaktu trójfazowego był znacznie krótszy, w porównaniu z odległością L=100 mm ("daleko"). Różnice obserwowane dla L=3 mm i L=100 mm wzrastały wraz ze zmniejszeniem stężenia. Przedstawiono mechanizm wyjaśniający znaczące różnice w czasie powstawania kontaktu trójfazowego dla położenia "blisko" i "daleko"

7

Natural hydrophobicity and flotation ff fluorite

Zawala J., Drzymała J., Małysa K.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2007

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Vol. 41

5-11

EN

The free ascending bubble–fluorite surface collision test showed that the three phase contact (TPC) was formed and time of the TPC formation was strongly affected by the roughness of the fluorite surface. The time of the TPC formation varied by an order of magnitude, from ca. 20 to 200ms, depending on the fluorite origin and surface roughness. The fact that the TPC was formed shows that fluorite can be considered as a naturally hydrophobic material. The contact angle formed by the bubble attached to fluorite plate was found to be 40 st. in comparison to 10-25 st. measured by flotometry and 55 st. by sessile drop. Thus, the macroscopic contact angle of fluorite depends on the method of measurement as well as its origin and color since colorless fluorites float better. Hydrophobicity of fluorite and the time of the three phase contact formation influence its flotation. The best flotation is observed in Hallimond tubes while flotation is significantly reduced or absent in laboratory flotation machines. This is very likely a result of relatively long time of the TPC formation and/or low hydrophobicity of fluorite, which is not enough to withstand the detachment force during enhanced hydrodynamics of larger flotation devices.

PL

Badania kolizji swobodnie wznoszącego się pęcherzyka z powierzchnią mineralną zanurzoną w wodze wykazały, że czas tworzenia się kontaktu trójfazowego silnie zależy od chropowatości powierzchni fluorytu. W zależności od chropowatości powierzchni fluorytu, czas kontaktu wynosił od 20 do 200ms. Tworzenie się kontaktu trójfazowego świadczy o naturalnej hydrofobowości fluorytu. Kąt zwilżania tworzony pomiędzy pęcherzykiem powietrza a płaska płytka fluorytową zanurzoną w wodzie wynosił 40 st. w porównaniu do wartości 10-15 st. uzyskanych metodą fotometryczną i 55 st. uzyskaną metodą siedzącej kropli. Zatem makroskopowy kąt zwilżania dla fluorytu zależy od metody pomiaru oraz pochodzenia próbki, a nawet jego koloru, gdyż barwne odmiany flotują lepiej. Hydrofobowość fluorytu oraz czas tworzenia się kontaktu trójfazowego wpływają na flotację. Najlepszą flotację obserwuje się w celce Hallimond, podczas gdy flotacja w mechanicznej maszynce laboratoryjnej jest znacząco zredukowana z powodu względnie długiego czasu tworzenia się kontaktu trójfazowego i/lub słabą hydrofobowością fluorytu, który nie wytrzymuje zwiększonych sił odrywania występujących w większych maszynach flotacyjnych.