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Investigation of Textile Heating Element in Simulated Wearing Conditions

Stygienė Laimutė, Varnaitė-Žuravliova Sandra, Abraitienė Aušra, Padleckienė Ingrida, Krauledas Sigitas

Autex Research Journal

2021

Vol. 21, no. 3

207--215

The research was focused on the heating capacity of developed, isolated from water penetration, knitted textile heating element with incorporated conductive silver (Ag) - plated yarns, which can be used in manufacturing heating textile products intended for recreation, sports, or health care for elderly. The aim of the investigation was to obtain an appropriate temperature on a human skin, generated by the textile heating element surface at a lower voltage depending on a variety of wearing conditions indoor. Depending on the supplied voltage to the heating element, an incoming electric energy can be converted into different heat. Therefore, the electrical and achieved temperature parameters of heating elements are very important by selecting and adapting required power source devices and by setting the logical parameters of programmable controllers. The heating–cooling dynamic process of developed textile heating element was investigated at different simulated wearing conditions on a standard sweating hot plate and on a human skin at applied voltages of 3V and 5V. It was discovered that a voltage of 5 V is too big for textile heating elements, because the reached steady state temperature increases to approximately 39–40°C, which is too hot for contact with the human skin. The voltage of 3 V is the most suitable to work properly and continuously, i.e., to switch on when the adjusted temperature is too low and to turn off when the necessary temperature is reached. Based on the values of reached steady-state heating temperature, the influence of the applied voltage, ambient air flow velocity, and heating efficiency, depending on various layering of clothes, was determined. Recorded temperatures on the external surface of the heating element provided the possibility to assess its heat loss outgoing into the environment. It was suggested that heat loss can be reduced by increasing thermal insulation properties of the outer layer of the heating element or using layered clothing. On the basis of the resulted heating characteristics, recommended parameters of power source necessary for wearable textile heating element were defined.

Development and Investigation of a Textile Heating Element Ensuring Thermal Physiological Comfort

Padleckienė Ingrida, Stygienė Laimutė, Krauledas Sigitas

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

2020

Vol. 28, no. 5 (143)

56--62

The aim of thisresearch wasto develop a flexible heating element and investigate its heating capability in simulated wearing conditions. Polyester silver (Ag)-plated yarns incorporated in the reverse side of the knitted structure were used to provide electrical conductivity. A special knitted structure was selected to keep conductive yarn only in the reverse side of the material. All the heating element was made using only textile materials and yarns. A temperature sensor thermistor was used as an electronic element to follow the body temperature, and the remaining elements ensuring a correct electric circuit and heating were made of textile. Another type of heating element was produced using enamelled copper wire, which was inserted into the knitted fabric structure. Investigation of both types of heating elements was made by determining the dependences of the heating elements’ temperatures on the current and voltage applied. It was concluded that the heating element with silver plated yarns used gave out warmth more evenly over all the resistive area. The microcontroller, which has a heating dynamics data storage function, was programmed to control the operations of the two heating elements. A model of an intelligent apparel product with two heating elements ensuring a comfortable microclimate for the user was created. Field tests were performer for the model created by wearing the product and setting the temperatures of both heating elements, for which the continuous operating time was determined.

Celem badań było opracowanie elastycznego elementu grzejnego i zbadanie jego zdolności grzewczej w symulowanych warunkach zużycia. W celu zapewnienia przewodności elektrycznej zastosowano przędzę poliestrową pokrytą srebrem (Ag), umieszczoną na spodniej stronie dzianiny. Wybrano specjalną strukturę dzianiny, aby utrzymać przewodzącą przędzę tylko na spodniej stronie materiału. Cały element grzejny został wykonany wyłącznie z materiałów tekstylnych i przędz. Jako element elektroniczny do śledzenia temperatury ciała zastosowano termistor czujnika temperatury, a pozostałe elementy zapewniające prawidłowy obwód elektryczny i ogrzewanie wykonano z tkaniny. Inny rodzaj elementu grzejnego wykonano z emaliowanego drutu miedzianego, który został wprowadzony w strukturę dzianiny. Badania obu typów elementów grzejnych przeprowadzono poprzez określenie zależności temperatur elementów grzejnych od przyłożonego prądu i napięcia. Stwierdzono, że element grzejny z zastosowanymi przędzami posrebrzanymi oddawał ciepło bardziej równomiernie na całej powierzchni oporowej. Mikrokontroler, który posiada funkcję przechowywania danych dynamiki nagrzewania, został zaprogramowany do sterowania pracą dwóch elementów grzejnych. Powstał model inteligentnego produktu odzieżowego z dwoma elementami grzewczymi zapewniającymi komfortowy mikroklimat użytkownikowi. Testy terenowe wykonano dla modelu utworzonego poprzez noszenie produktu i ustawienie temperatur obu elementów grzejnych, dla których wyznaczono ciągły czas pracy.