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Flow controlled critical heat flux: developments in annular flow modelling

Azzopardi B.

Archives of Thermodynamics

2006

Vol. 27, no. 2

3-22

Critical heat flux at higher steam qualities is accepted to correspond to the dry out of the wall film in the annular flow pattern where the film is depleted by evaporation and entrainment of liquid into drops and augmented by redeposition of drops. Since the first complete model for annular flow there have been many developments in the understanding and modelling of these flows, which are reviewed here. Latest developments on the rates of entrainment and deposition are described as well as the application of the model to multicomponent mixtures. Another area that has received attention is the start of annular flow and the boundary with churn flow. Applications for more complex geometies, namely annuli, rod bundles, horizontal pipes, Venturis and to the serpentine tubing of fired heaters have been developed and are presented.