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Ecological Risk Assessment for Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils Surrounding Dumps, Huancayo Province, Peru

Orellana-Mendoza Edith, Acevedo Ronald Révolo, Huamán Cirilo Huamán, Zamora Ymelda Montoro, Bastos María Carolina, Loardo-Tovar Harold

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2022

Vol. 23, nr 6

75--89

Contamination generated by dumps is an environmental problem because the soils around the dumps are used for the cultivation of agricultural products and pastures, and could constitute a threat to human health. The contamination index and ecological risk potential for heavy metals in agricultural soils surrounding the solid waste dumps in Agua de las Vírgenes (AV) and El Eden (ED) in Huancayo were evaluated. The concentration of heavy metals in the soils was measured using an inductively coupled optical emission spectrophotometer. The average concentration of As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Fe and Zn in the soils was 25.77, 1.03, 6.09, 112.07, 48.52, 53733.33 and 349.10 mg/kg in AV and 14.35, 0.28, 2.85, 123.01, 57.47, 36137.50 and 414.31 mg/kg in ED respectively. The mean values of the contamination factor for As determined a very high soil contamination status at both sites. The order of mean Igeo values was As> Cd> Pb> Zn> Cu> Fe> Cr. The soils are strongly enriched with As and Cd. The highest risk index was for Cd, with a higher contribution to the overall potential risk index. The principal component analysis explained that 71% of the data set and the identified sources of heavy metals are the varied composition of wastes in general and crop irrigation with wastewater. In general, agricultural soils are characterized for a level of ecological risk that varies from high to very high. Among the measured heavy metals As, Cd and Pb pose significant health risks. Continuous monitoring of the level of contamination of soils affected by dump leachate and wastewater irrigation is suggested.

Heavy Metal Accumulation in Sediment and Removal Efficiency in the Stabilization Ponds with the Hydrocotyle ranunculoides Filter

Custodio María, Orellana-Mendoza Edith, Peñaloza Richard, De la Cruz-Solano Heidi, Bulege-Gutiérrez Wilfredo, Quispe-Mendoza Rebeca

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2020

Vol. 21, nr 5

72--79

The heavy metal accumulation in the sediment and removal efficiency in stabilization ponds with Hydrocotyle ranunculoides filter were evaluated. Sediment and water were sampled in June, July and August 2018. The sediment sampling for each lagoon was conducted at three sites forming a composite sample. The water samples were collected in the tributary and effluent pipelines to determine the heavy metal concentration and removal efficiency by Hydrocotyle ranunculoides. The determination of heavy metals was performed with the method of atomic flame absorption spectrophotometry. The mean concentration of heavy metals in the sediment, in a descending order, was: Fe > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd. The concentrations of these metals ranged from 998.0 to 1365.02, from 488.01 to 600.30, from 88.23 to 95.01, from 1.47 to 1.53 and from 0.01 to 0.13 mg/Kg, respectively. In the four stabilization ponds, the pollution factor values for Cd, Cu and Fe qualified as low pollution factor. While for Zn and Pb, they qualified as moderate pollution factors. The heavy metal removal rates from the water varied by metal.