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1

Organożele jako nowoczesne nośniki leków

Sowa-Kasprzak K., Żwawiak J., Zaprutko L.

Polimery

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2018

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T. 63, nr 3

169--177

PL

Artykuł stanowi przegląd literatury dotyczącej zastosowań substancji o charakterze organożeli. Dzięki unikatowym właściwościom, podatności na działanie czynników zewnętrznych oraz specyficznej budowie tworzą one swego rodzaju zbiorniki do magazynowania substancji leczniczych, wykorzystywane jako nośniki w systemach kontrolowanego uwalniania substancji aktywnych w określonych miejscach organizmu człowieka. Opisano proces powstawania, właściwości fizykochemiczne i sposób klasyfikowania organożeli oraz najważniejsze substancje tworzące organożele stosowane jako nośniki leków.

EN

The paper is a literature review concerning the uses of substances in the form of organogels. Thanks to their unique properties, susceptibility to external factors and specific structure, organogels form a kind of storage tanks for medicinal substances and are used as carriers in controlled release of active substances to specific sites in the human body. The formation process, physicochemical properties and classification system of organogels as well as most important substances which form organogels used as drug carriers, were described.

2

Reactions of Nitroimidazodihydrooxazole with Alcohols and Phenols in the Presence of Potassium Carbonate

Żwawiak J., Gzella A., Zaprutko L.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2009

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Vol. 83, nr 7

1309-1315

EN

Dihydrooxazole ring opening reactions in bicyclic nitroimidazodihydrooxazoles with simultaneous Williamson ethe real groups formation are described. It was found that only mutual action of K2CO3, phenol and alcohol can cause such reaction. Its mechanism consists of three steps. In a result, a series of 3-phenoxy-1-(5-alkoxy-4-ni tro- 1H-imidazol-1-yl)propan-2-ols has been obtained. The structure of new compounds was confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis.

3

Otrzymywanie cis-jasmonu

Pawełczyk A., Zaprutko L.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2005

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[Z] 59, 5-6

509--536

EN

The "Jasmine chemistry" started in 1899. cis-Jasmone, a naturally occurring derivative of cyclopentenone is an important constituent of the essential oil of the jasmine flowers. It occurs in jasmine oil at the amount of 2-3%. cis-Jasmone can be obtained from fresh flowers by means of time-consuming and laborious extraction process, known as enfleurage and that is why it has been the object of number synthetic efforts. 3-Methyl-2-(2-cis-penten-l-yl)-2-cyclopenten-l -one is a chemical name of cis-jasmone. From a structural point of view it is a relatively simple compound which has been synthesized many times via many different pathways. Since pioneering works of Treff and Werner and then Hunsdiecker efforts to develop efficient syntheses of this compound have been developed to find more economical procedure. Commercial synthesis of jasmone is based on the alkylation reaction of 3-methyl-2-cyclopentene-l-one using cis-pentenyl chloride in the presence of PTC catalyst. Because of the difficulty with its manufacturing, the price is still relatively high. The present short review describes methods of cis-jasmone preparation. Very interesting and economical group of methods seems to be the group that involves furan derivatives such as furfural, 2-methylfuran, furfuryl alcohol. The major disadvantage of this route are rather vigorous hydrolytic conditions that are necessary for opening the furan ring, which sometimes leads to undesired changes in the molecule Other cyclic compounds, cyclopentadiene for example, can also be used to conduct synthesis of cis-jasmone The most common and successful method to obtain correctly 2,3-disubstituted cyclopentenone is based on the preliminary preparation of unsymmetrically substituted 1,4-diketones. These useful intermediates are subsequently cyclized under basic conditions to jasmone. Synthetic ways connecting furan derivatives and cyclization of 1,4-diketones were firstly indicated in 1942 by Hunsdiecker , who carried out a complete synthesis of jasmone from 5-methylfuralaldehyde. Syntheses of jasmone have been reported by many authors but most of those routes are either too lengthy or involve expensive chemicals. This molecule is still a popular synthetic goal and the wealth of different new methods has been published.

4

Triterpenoids : part XV : quinoline derivatives of oleanane

Zaprutko L.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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1999

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vol. 73 nr 2

333-338

EN

Olean-12-en-, 11-oxoolean-12-en, and 12-oxoolean[3,2-b]quinoline-28-oic acid methyl estres (3a-3c) were obtained from the respective 3-oxoderivatives 1a-1c through the C(2) o-nitrobenzylidene derivatives 2a-2c. It was observed that the C(3) carbonyl group had an activating effect on the neighbouring methylene function and the C(2) and C(12) carbonyl group in some derivatives of methyl oleanolate were deprived of this property.