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The Effect of Fertilisation and Plant Care Practices on the Yield Structure of Black Currant

Polunina Oleksandra, Sharapaniuk Olha, Melnyk Yurii, Zabolotnyi Oleksandr, Cherneha Andrii, Voitovska Viktoriia, Mostoviak Ivan, Lozinska Anna, Prykhodko Vitalii

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 5

141--147

EN

The article is focused on the influence of fertilisation and plant care on the productivity of the black currant variety ‘Siuita Kyivska’. Black currant was planted on the Rodnikovka Experimental Farm of the Uman State Agrarian University. Better conditions for the development of such signs as the number of clusters per shrub and the length of a cluster were provided under the application of mineral fertilisation as a background and foliar application of fertiliser Riverm 5%, maintaining of interrow space as clean fallow and mulching plants in the row with straw. The best characteristics of clusters were obtained with N60P90K90 as background fertilisation. Foliar application of fertiliser Riverm 5% resulted in an increased (by 251.2−299.8) number of clusters per plant and longer (by 0.60−0.80 cm) clusters. A combination of clean fallow and application of Riverm 5% against the background of mineral fertilisation resulted in lower indicators of the fruit weight in a cluster compared to the control. This means that the yield structure of black currant under the effect of fertilisation and plant care changes towards an increase in the number of clusters, thereby reducing the number of fruits and the weight of fruits from one cluster. It was also found that foliar application of fertiliser Riverm 5% against the background of mineral fertilisation contributed to an increase in the yield of black currant. In the treatment with clean fallow between rows and mulching plants in rows, application of fertiliser Riverm 3% or 5% against the background of mineral fertilisation N60P90K90, the yield of fruits was 13.1 t/ha.

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Efficiency of Probiotic Application for the Remediation of Contaminated Soils in Agrocenoses

Pysarenko Pavlo, Samojlik Maryna, Taranenko Anna, Mostoviak Ivan, Lavrinenko Inna, Shpyrna Vladyslav

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 6

94--99

EN

The problem of soil contamination is relevant today. Soil contamination is generally associated with intensive industrial activities, inadequate waste management, mining, military activities, or accidents. Pollutants (e.g. heavy metals) are accumulating in soil and have major indirect impacts on biodiversity, quality of groundwater resources, and food safety. Soil contamination of agricultural land is a particular threat. Due to the military action and other conditions, the numbers of sites where potentially polluting activities have taken place are increasing in Ukraine. The cultivation of agricultural crops on soils with a medium or high level of toxicity is only possible after the remediation of this area. The use of biological methods to intensify soil remediation processes, thereby reducing the additional burden on the environment, is becoming more widespread. The application of probiotics is an innovative and ecological method for the restoration of contaminated soils. This will enable to improve the conceptual approaches to the implementation of an ecologically safe model for the restoration of contaminated land under the conditions of military action in Ukraine. The aim of the research was to assess the phytotoxic effect of soil contaminated with heavy metals and petroleum products before and after probiotic application. The seedling method was used to determine the remediation potential of contaminated soils. An express test of Triticum aestivum was used to determine soil phytotoxicity. The research results show the negative impact of soil contamination with heavy metals and petroleum products on the biometric indices of Triticum aestivum plants and positive dynamics of biometric indices of Triticum aestivum in variants after probiotic treatment (86–92% compared to the control). The obtained data show that a significant phytotoxic effect is observed by all biometric indices of Triticum aestivum in all studied variants. The highest phytotoxic effect (33.56–42.70%) was observed in variants with combined contamination (PP+Zn+Pb). The results of probiotic application show a phytotoxic effect of less than 20% by all biometric indices of Triticum aestivum for all studied variants. Therefore, the results of the research can be used to develop recommendations for the remediation of land contaminated by military actions in Ukraine and the creation of sustainable agroecosystems.

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Lentil Yield Performance and Quality as Affected by Moisture Supply

Prysiazhniuk Oleh, Mostoviak Ivan, Yevchuk Yana, Tkachenko Hennadii, Prokopenko Eduard, Kononenko Lidiia, Prykhodko Vitalii, Vyshnevska Lesia, Poltoretska Nataliia

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 5

25--33

EN

The article presents alternatives for the use of additional components of cultivation technology for lentil that are aimed at increasing tolerance to a water deficiency at the early stages of growth and development, namely: (i) soil amendment with moisture-retaining polymers; (ii) seed treatment with a growth regulator contributing to a better formation of the root system; (iii) the use of biological product providing for the formation of the soil mycorrhizal biota; and (iv) foliar application of micro fertilizers. The best in terms of the effect on the growth and development of plants appeared the following treatments: seed treatment with the growth regulator Kelpak SC (3 l/t), soil amendment with moisture-retaining polymers Aquasorb (200 kg/ha) and mycorrhizal bio preparation Mycofriend (1 l/ha), followed by the treatment of plants with micro fertilizer Reakom-SP-Legumes (3 l/ha, BBCH 14) or Quantum-Legumes (1.0 l/ha, BBCH 14). These treatments contributed to an increase in the number of stems of the 2nd and 3rd orders by 1.8 and 2.0, leaves by 8.6 and 8.8, and nods by 15.3 and 16.1, respectively, compared to the control treatment. In addition, a combination of these plant products had a positive impact on the formation of filled beans, and the plants formed 23.5−23.7 filled beans. Also, these treatments provided 1.6−1.8 times increase in the number of seeds per bean compared to the control. Pre-sowing seed treatment with the growth regulator Kelpak SC (3 l/t), application of moisture-retaining polymers Aquasorb (200 kg/ha) and mycorrhizal bio preparation Mycofriend (1 l/ha), followed by foliar application of fertilizers Reakom SC Legumes (3 l/ha, BBCH 14) or Quantum-Legumes (1.0 l/ha, BBCH 14) contributed to the formation of lentil yield of 3.15 and 3.17 t/ha, respectively, over the years of the experiment. The integral action of these plant products contributed to obtaining seeds with a higher content of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, as well as vitamins, macro and microelements. Moreover, young lentil sprouts can resist adverse environmental factors due to the richer biochemical stocks formed in a seed.

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Ecotoxicological Assessment of Waste from Oil Production

Pysarenko Pavlo, Samojlik Maryna, Taranenko Anna, Lavrinenko Inna, Mostoviak Ivan

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 6

111--117

EN

Utilization of mineralized fossil water (MFW), as a by-product of oil production is a special environmental problem in oil and gas areas. In Ukraine the annual production of mineralized fossil water together with oil is estimated at about 20 million tons. Taking into account that MFW is an aby-product of oil production, they are usually placed in waste disposal sites and can contaminate environment. It was determined that toxicological properties of mineralized fossil water have not been studied so far. There is the need for study of toxicological features of the MFW which will allow to determine its hazard class and to develop some measures for safe usage of this drug for making the agriculture more ecological. Thus, in the work we have made the assessment of ecotoxicological properties of MFW as an environmentally safe substitute for agrochemicals. It was established that MFW is referred to low-toxic compounds. LD50 for oral introduction of the compound in the bodies of white female rats is more than 21,000 mg/kg, female mice – 31,000 mg/kg, male mice – more than 20,000 mg/kg; when applied to the skin of rats – more than 8000 mg/kg. The value of LD50 when applied to the inhalation routes of entry for female rats is more than 5000 mg/kg. It was justified that by oral route of entry and skin penetration the MFWs belong to the IV class of danger, and by inhalation route of entry – to III class. It was also determined that MFW does not have an irritating effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes. There is also no sensitizing effect on the body of guinea pigs. Studies have shown that the cumulative properties of MFW are weakly represented. The accumulation coefficient is greater than 5. At a dose of 4260 mg/kg MFW has cardiotoxic effect, it affects the process of erythropoiesis and increases filtration and excretory function of the kidneys. Ineffective dose for rats in a subchronic experiment is 2130 mg/kg. These results of ecotoxicological study of MFW make it possible to confirm that its usage is safe in the agricultural system, especially as environmentally friendly organo-mineral fertilizer, herbicide, and fungicide.