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TL-dating of vitrified material

Kresten P., Goedicke Ch., Manzano A.

Geochronometria

2003

Vol. 22

9-14

While attempting to date material from the vitrified ramparts of various hill-forts in central and western Europe by thermoluminescence (TL) methods, obviously erroneous results appeared. Searching for possible reasons, an investigation into the upper temperature limit of TL-dating was started. It is well known that insufficient heating causes far too old erroneous TL-ages. Less well known and yet unexplored is the temperature region where vitrification commences. From a hill-fort near Uppsala, samples were taken along a trench through the vitrified rampart. Firing temperatures were determined for each sample by petrographic methods within š50°C, and TL-measurements were carried out. The results show that the ages determined become successively younger with increasing firing temperatures, for samples heated to temperatures exceeding 900°C. The younger the apparent age, the higher the glass content of the sample. Although most of our data are from vitrified ramparts – somewhat exotic to the majority of archaeologists – our findings apply to all strongly heated materials. Examples are archaeometallurgic remains (slags, furnaces, hearths), tempered ceramics (stoneware, porcelain), or molten bricks. The paper also presents clearly erroneous TLdates for several of these materials, along with an explanation of the phenomenon.