In the present paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of the following higher order nonlinear difference equation with unimodal terms x(n + 1) = ax(n) + bx(n)g(x(n)) + cx(n − k)g(x(n − k)), n = 0, 1, . . . , where a, b and c are constants with 0 < a < 1, 0 ≤ b < 1, 0 ≤ c < 1 and a + b + c = 1, g ∈ C[[0,∞), [0,∞)] is decreasing, and k is a positive integer. We obtain some new sufficient conditions for the global attractivity of positive solutions of the equation. Applications to some population models are also given.
onsider the delay differential equation with a forcing term [formula] (*) where ƒ (t, x) : [0,) x [0, ∞) —> R, g(t, x) : [0, ∞) x [0, ∞) —> [0, ∞) are continuous functions and w-periodic in t, r(t) : [0, ∞) —> R is a continuous function and r ∈ (0, ∞) is a positive constant. We first obtain a sufficient condition for the existence of a unique nonnegative periodic solution [formula] of the associated unforced differential equation of Eq. (*) [formula] (**) Then we obtain a sufficient condition so that every nonnegative solution of the forced equation (*) converges to this nonnegative periodic solution [formula] of the associated unforced equation (**). Applications from mathematical biology and numerical examples are also given.
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