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Impact of Acceleration Style on Vehicle Emissions and Perspectives for Improvement through Transportation Engineering Solutions

Pečman Jan, Šarkan Branislav, Ližbetinová Lenka, Ľupták Vladimír, Loman Michal, Bartuška Ladislav

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2024

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Vol. 104, nr 2

48--62

EN

Road traffic constitutes a key element of modern life, with many individuals behind the wheel each day. Their driving style, specifically how they accelerate and brake, can significantly influence emissions of harmful substances and air quality. Despite the presence of modern cars equipped to reduce exhaust gas components and other emissions, driving style continues to have a substantial impact on air pollution. In the case of aggressive driving, the influence on fuel consumption and emission generation is substantial. Another aspect is the safety of road traffic, as it has been proven that aggressive driving reduces safety. This article focuses on the results of our recent research regarding vehicle emissions during acceleration. We found that even though modern cars are increasingly environmentally friendly, aggressive driving with them can quickly change the perspective on this issue. While the acceleration of a single vehicle may seem essentially negligible, it is crucial to realize that, especially in urban environments, the number of accelerations of road vehicles as a traffic flow is enormous, particularly during peak traffic hours. Furthermore, there are locations where vehicles must decelerate and accelerate consistently, such as certain types of intersections. The goal of the article is to provide an additional viewpoint on monitoring this trend, this time in combination with the road infrastructure itself, with three examples discussed in the article on how these negative trends can be influenced through modifications to the road infrastructure.

2

Identification of places with deteriorated air quality in city of Žilina in relation to road transport

Šarkan Branislav, Loman Michal, Harantová Veronika

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2023

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Vol. 102, nr 4

68--90

EN

The aim of the research is to identify places with deteriorated air quality in the selected city. After an analytical analysis of the data, it is possible to propose steps that can be used to actively contribute to the reduction of air pollution, especially due to road traffic. Places where deteriorated air quality was identified were identified on the basis of practical measurements. Given that the measurement route was designed in a built-up area of the city with a large number of pedestrians, the research was primarily focused on the identification of particulate matters (PM) and the concentration of carbon monoxide CO. The measurements were performed repeatedly on a pre-defined route. The measurements were carried out repeatedly during the morning rush hour when traffic was congested on the roads. Based on the processing and evaluation of the measurements, the sections where increased values of individual emissions were recorded were determined. In this way, it is possible to precisely identify places where air quality deteriorates. The research conclusions provide support for planning the optimization of air quality management policies towards the creation of sustainable cities. The research results present the possibilities of identifying problematic sections from the point of view of emissions production. Critical places with regard to the production of emissions can be connected to places where a permanently increased movement of vehicles is observed.

3

The impact of roadside technical inspections on transport and logistics systems in the Slovak Republic

Hudec Juraj, Šarkan Branislav, Cződörová Renáta, Caban Jacek, Droździel Paweł

Transport Problems

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2022

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T. 17, z. 3

61--73

EN

Road transport safety, apart from environmental protection, is one of the most important tasks for the contemporary world. Annually, about 50 million people are injured in road accidents around the world, of which nearly 1.5 million die as a result. Transport safety consists of many activities and includes various initiatives, including legal changes, training, preventive actions, building safe road infrastructure, and the production of safe vehicles and control systems. This article deals with the issue of performing roadside technical inspections in the Slovak Republic. Specifically, it analyses the results of these oadside technical inspections in individual counties of the Slovak Republic and examines their possible impact on transport and logistics systems in these counties. The correlation analysis showed that the number of checks under the technical roadside inspections is weakly related to the number of logistics centres, but the number of such inspections is moderate in relation to the number of failed vehicles (correlation coefficient = 0.44079). In addition, due to the age of the vehicles, the number of serious and dangerous faults found on them during maintenance inspection increases.

4

Porównanie emisji spalin z silników pojazdów ciężarowych zasilanych olejem napędowym (ON) oraz gazem ziemnym (LNG) w warunkach rzeczywistej eksploatacji

Šarkan Branislav, Kuranc Andrzej, Sejkorova Marie, Caban Jacek, Loman Michal

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2022

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T. 101, nr 1

37--41

PL

Celem pracy było wykorzystanie procedury, dzięki której możliwa jest kwantyfikacja charakterystyki eksploatacyjnej ciągników siodłowych, jednego zasilanego olejem napędowym (ON) i drugiego zasilanego skroplonym gazem ziemnym (LNG). Przedmiotem badań było ustalenie, który z tych ciągników podczas eksploatacji w drogowym transporcie towarowym jest mniej szkodliwy dla środowiska i generuje mniej spalin oraz zużywa mniej paliwa. Oceny pojazdów dokonano na podstawie prób drogowych na określonej trasie z wykorzystaniem zestawów transportowych składających się z ciągnika siodłowego oraz naczepy z cysterną. Podczas pomiaru rejestrowano dane pomiarowe z analizatora spalin samochodowych oraz aparatury diagnostycznej podłączonej do układów sterowania silników, zamontowanych w ocenianych samochodach ciężarowych.

EN

The compn. of exhaust gases (CO, CO₂, HC and NOx emitted by 2 trucks powered by diesel oil or liquefied natural gas, covering the same route with or without a load, was analyzed. A procedure was used to quantify the operational characteristics of the tractor units. Lower CO₂, HC and NOx emissions and higher CO emissions were found for the LNG-powered vehicle compared to the diesel-powered vehicle.

5

Change in engine power in the event of electronic components failures

Šarkan Branislav, Loman Michal, Senko Šimon, Richtář Michal, Gołębiowski Wojciech

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2022

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Vol. 98, nr 4

40--55

EN

In a conventional internal combustion engine, only electrical controls are used to prepare the fuel mixture. All parts must operate flawlessly in order for the vehicle and its components to operate correctly. Road safety may be negatively impacted by the failure of specific components. The purpose of the study was to ascertain how much the malfunction of particular electrical components affects how the vehicle operates. The vehicle’s individual electronic parts were removed, and the engine power was then assessed. The primary determinant of a vehicle’s technical condition is thought to be its engine power. The preparation of the combustion mixture was affected by the individual component disconnections, which reduced the vehicle’s performance. A vehicle with an in-line four-cylinder engine was used for the experiment, which was conducted in a lab setting. This vehicle’s eight components were gradually disengaged. The change in engine power was observed while they were disconnected. The measured values were always evaluated in terms of an automobile that had no defects and was in excellent condition. The study’s findings demonstrate that there are circumstances in which a vehicle’s usual operation is adversely affected when one or more of its electrical components malfunctions.

6

The impact of driving schools' training on fatal traffic accidents in the Slovak Republic

Hudec Juraj, Šarkan Branislav, Caban Jacek, Stopka Ondrej

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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z. 110

45--57

EN

This paper deals with fatal traffic accidents in the period 2017-2019, caused by drivers who have held driving licenses for less than five years. Specifically, it examines an interconnection between these accidents and the driving schools being completed by these drivers. Furthermore, it analyses whether the perpetrators of traffic accidents with short driving experience are graduates of the same driving schools, and thus, whether the occurrence of serious traffic accidents is directly related to the quality of training in specific driving schools.

7

Determination of the deviation of the on-board computer in the vehicle when determining the average fuel consumption

Loman Michal, Šarkan Branislav

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2021

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Vol. 91, nr 1

25--35

EN

Fuel consumption measurement itself is a demanding process and it is difficult to determine the exact consumption of a vehicle. Fuel consumption can be determined in various ways. One way to determine consumption is through driving tests. We know several types of driving tests. Nowadays, most vehicles and all new vehicles can provide a wealth of data to the driver directly during vehicle operation. One of them is the data on the consumption of the vehicle also through the on-board computer located in the vehicle. The information provided to the driver may not reflect reality. In most cases, they are inaccurate and do not correspond to reality. Therefore, the subject of the research will be to verify the accuracy of the provided data on vehicle consumption by the on-board computer. The aim of the research will be to determine the extent to which consumption data are true. Vehicle consumption, as well as measurements are performed on one vehicle in every day traffic. This will ensure that it is possible to compare the measured data with each other.

8

Research on low-emission vehicle powered by LPG using innovative hardware and software

Małek Arkadiusz, Caban Jacek, Šarkan Branislav

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2020

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Vol. 89, nr 3

19--36

EN

LPG is a cheap and ecological fuel for spark ignition engines. The sequential gas injection system can be installed at the factory and is then the Original Equipment of the Manufacturer. A vehicle with a spark ignition engine can also be converted to gas in an authorized workshop. In both cases, the vehicle must meet the same exhaust emission standards when running on alternative fuel as it does with the original fuel. Conversion of vehicles to LPG and CNG is regulated by law at the European Union level. The article describes the conversion of a low-emission gasoline vehicle that meets the Euro 6 emission standard to LPG. The configuration and calibration of the LPG system is described in detail. The compatibility of the gas system with the vehicle's on-board diagnostic system was then checked. Finally, road tests of the vehicle were carried out to compare the performance with the original fuel and the alternative fuel.

9

The importance of hybrid vehicles in urban traffic in terms of environmental impact

Šarkan Branislav, Gnap Jozef, Kiktová Monika

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2019

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Vol. 85, nr 3

115--122

EN

Many large cities in Europe are currently trying to reduce the amount of harmful substances for the residents. Road transport is also an important source of air pollution. One way to reduce pollutant production is to operate more environmentally friendly vehicles. The paper analyses data obtained during practical tests of a hybrid vehicle in urban traffic. The individual components of the exhaust gases are calculated in g/km and they are compared with the values for conventional vehicle propulsion. The data was obtained through a commercially available exhaust gas analyzer and a calculated amount of emissions produced from available data from the engine control unit. The results shown that using of this type of propulsion has its importance in cities with increased air pollution. During urban operation, the hybrid-powered vehicle was powered by an electric engine up to 67.70% (75.40% of the time). As a result of operating such a vehicle in the city, emissions of CO2, HC and NOx are significantly lower.

10

Statistical Analyses of Selected Maintenance Parameters of Vehicles of Road Transport Companies

Caban Jacek, Droździel Paweł, Krzywonos Leszek, Rybicka Iwona, Šarkan Branislav, Vrábel Ján

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2019

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Vol. 13, no 1

1--13

EN

The article presents the methods for preliminary statistical analyses of selected maintenance parameters of vehicles in road transport companies. The methodology was illustrated by presenting the results pertaining to the calculations of the maintenance intensity as well as the cost of parts and repairs of cars in the Lublin Regional Branch of the Polish Post Logistics Centre. These results provided comparative material useful in the evaluation of the maintenance efficiency of various road transport systems.