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Environmental impacts of an opencast mine

Szabo G., Braun M., Koi R., Szabo S., Szegedi S.

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

2008

nr 8

113--126

An opencast mine may cause negative effects in many ways. Landscape scarrings of opencast mines are harmful in aesthetic respect, engines, machineries and periodic blastings may cause notable noise loading which are injurious even if these mines are situated far from the settlements because the noise from the mines may disturb animals living in the surrounds (Kerényi, 1995, 2003, Barótfi, 2000). Besides the listed impacts the dust accompanied to the opencast mining cause the most significant load to the environment of these mines. In this study, the extent of dust loading is examined in the case of a North-Hungarian perlite mine. Milling of the exploited perlite is carried out in the milling plant located within the area of the mine in Pálháza which cause additional dust loading. Settling dust loading was studied by 22 measurement stations within a distance of 3 kilometres from the mine, during the installation of which even cover of the study area was aimed. Gathering of the dust samples were carried out monthly from August 2004 to July 2006 thus we have a two-year database. During the laboratory tests, the amount of insoluble and soluble dust fractions, altogether making up the total amount of settled dust, was determined respectively. In addition to the meteorological parameters having the most influence on the spatial distribution of the settling dust (i.e. wind velocity, wind directions and the amount of precipitation, air temperature, humidity and irradia-tion) that is why an automatic meteorological station was installed in the proximity of the mine, i.e. within the study area. It gave us the necessary meteorolo-gical data during the examination. Knowing that the most significant dust loading derives from the opencast mine we can not forget that periodically during the agricultural seasons from the arable lands and during the heating seasons through the chimneys additional dust might get into the dust-traps. To determine the origin of the dust in each dust-trap the dust samples were analytical examined as well. By the chemical composition of the samples we could find out how big roles the pollution sources outside the opencast mine played and hereby we could detect how significant the dust loading originated from the perlite mine is in its environment.