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1
Content available Graphene on quartz modified with rhenium oxide as a semitransparent electrode for organic electronics
Krukowski Paweł, Piskorski Michał, Udovytska Ruslana, Kowalczyk Dorota A., Lutsyk Iaroslav, Rogala Maciej, Dąbrowski Paweł, Kozłowski Witold, Łuszczyńska Beata, Jung Jarosław, Ulański Jacek, Matuszek Krzysztof, Nadolska Aleksandra, Przybysz Przemysław, Ryś Wojciech, Toczek Klaudia, Dunal Rafał, Krempiński Patryk, Czerwińska Justyna, Ster Maxime Le, Skulimowski Marcin, Kowalczyk Paweł J.
Opto-Electronics Review
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2022
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Vol. 30, No. 4
art. no. e141953
EN
The presented research shows that commercially available graphene on quartz modified with rhenium oxide meets the requirements for its use as a conductive and transparent anode in optoelectronic devices. The cluster growth of rhenium oxide enables an increase in the work function of graphene by 1.3 eV up to 5.2 eV, which guarantees an appropriate adjustment to the energy levels of organic semiconductors used in organic light-emitting diode devices.
2
Content available Functioning of the flue gas treatment system in Polish municipal waste incineration plants
Czerwińska Justyna, Wielgosiński Grzegorz
Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska
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2020
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Vol. 29, No. 1
108--119
EN
All municipal waste incineration plants operating in Poland are discussed and their flue gas treatment systems are described in detail in the article. A comparison of performance indicators, i.e. the amount of raw materials consumed particularly in flue gas treatment systems, is presented. The article also summarizes the results of emission measurements for eight incineration plants in the years 2016–2019.
3
Content available W pułapce GOZ-u
Wielgosiński Grzegorz, Czerwińska Justyna
Nowa Energia
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2020
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nr 4
4--12
PL
Dla nikogo chyba nie jest odkryciem, że zasoby surowcowe Ziemi, w tym zasoby surowców energetycznych, nie są niewyczerpywalne. Stąd koniecznością staje się oszczędzanie surowców, powtórne wykorzystanie produktów i recykling używanych materiałów. Dotychczasowy model gospodarki linearnej dający się opisać prostym schematem: pozyskaj surowce - wyprodukuj wyrób - używaj go - pozbądź się odpadu - musi być zastąpiony innym modelem, w którym pozyskane surowce będą wykorzystywane najdłużej jak to jest możliwe - poprzez wielokrotne użycie wyprodukowanych wyrobów, a strumień powstającego odpadu będzie jak najmniejszy.
4
Content available Konsekwencje wprowadzania nowych konkluzji BAT dla spalarni odpadów
Wielgosiński Grzegorz, Czerwińska Justyna
Nowa Energia
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2020
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nr 1
4--9
PL
W listopadzie 2019 r. ukazała się decyzja wykonawcza Komisji Europejskiej 2019/2010/UE ustanawiająca konkluzje dotyczące najlepszych dostępnych technik (BAT) w odniesieniu do spalania odpadów. Dotyczy ona instalacji termicznego przekształcania odpadów wymagających uzyskania pozwolenia zintegrowanego, tj. instalacji wymienianych w Rozporządzeniu Ministra Środowiska w sprawie rodzajów instalacji mogących powodować znaczne zanieczyszczenie poszczególnych elementów przyrodniczych, albo środowiska jako całości. Są to instalacje do termicznego przekształcania odpadów innych niż niebezpieczne o wydajności przekraczającej 3 tony na godzinę lub instalacje do termicznego przekształcania odpadów niebezpiecznych o wydajności przekraczającej 10 ton dziennie. Tak więc wszystkie istniejące obecnie w naszym kraju spalarnie odpadów komunalnych podlegają tym regulacjom.
5
Content available The effect of selected meteorological factors on the process of "Polish smog" formation
Czerwińska Justyna, Wielgosiński Grzegorz
Journal of Ecological Engineering
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2020
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Vol. 21, nr 1
180--187
EN
The phenomenon of smog, i.e. excessive air pollution in urban areas is well-known and has been widely described in the literature. Typically, two types of smog are distinguished: the acid smog that is called "London smog" and the photochemical smog called "Los Angeles-type smog". The first one is formed in the winter months. In contrast, the photochemical smog arises in the summer months. In recent years in Poland, especially in winter, alarms associated with poor air quality have become very common. Under Polish climatic conditions, the main reason for low air quality corresponds to the exceeded permissible concentrations of suspended particulate matter. The paper analyzes the process of "Polish smog" formation by comparing the recorded concentrations of PM10 suspended particulate matter at four monitoring stations of the Inspectorate of Environmental Protection with weather conditions prevailing at that time. The data from the monitoring stations located in four Polish cities: Krakow, Zabrze, Lodz and Gdansk were analyzed. The analysis covered the years 2014-2017. The results of this analysis showed that "Polish smog" arises under different meteorological conditions than other types of smog known from the literature.
6
Content available Spalarnie odpadów komunalnych w Polsce
Wielgosiński Grzegorz, Czerwińska Justyna
Nowa Energia
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2019
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nr 4
34--41
PL
Obecnie w Polsce funkcjonuje już 8 nowoczesnych spalarni odpadów komunalnych. Do uruchomionej w 2001 r. małej warszawskiej spalarni odpadów dołączyły wybudowane w latach 2013-2018 spalarnie w Białymstoku, Bydgoszczy, Koninie, Krakowie, Poznaniu, Szczecinie oraz Rzeszowie. Ich łączna wydajność wynosi maksymalnie ok. 1 114 000 Mg/r., co stanowi 9,3% ilości sumy odpadów komunalnych wytwarzanych w Polsce. Jest to zdecydowanie za mało dla domknięcia systemu gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi w naszym kraju.
7
Content available remote Is the Polish smog a new type of smog?
Czerwińska Justyna, Wielgosiński Grzegorz, Szymańska Olga
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S
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2019
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Vol. 26, nr 3
465--474
EN
In recent years, every winter we face the problem of excessive air pollution in the cities in Poland. This phenomenon is usually called smog and is associated with the concept of acidic smog of London type. However, there is a fundamental difference between the Great Smog of London known from the literature and winter smog episodes in Poland. While in 1952 in London the smog occurred at low atmospheric pressure, in foggy and windless weather conditions, in Poland smog episodes occur most often at the influx of cold, high-pressure air masses from the east in sunny weather. There are also various harmful components of smog - in London it was dust (suspended particulate matter), sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide, while in Poland it is suspended particulate matter and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, especially benzo(a)pyrene. A common factor is the inversion of temperature in the ground level of the atmosphere. The chemical composition of the “Polish smog” is analyzed in the study justifying the need to distinguish the two types of smog described.
8
Content available Cigarette smoke or exhaust gas from waste incineration – where are more dioxins?
Czerwińska Justyna, Wielgosiński Grzegorz
Acta Innovations
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2019
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no. 31
86--93
EN
In Poland, incineration is a relatively new method of waste treatment. Modern installations for waste incineration have two functions: they reduce the quantity (volume) of the waste and are a source of electricity and/or heat. During all combustion processes including waste incineration, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCD/Fs) (well known as dioxins) are formed. These compounds are considered to be extremely dangerous for living organisms including human beings. Dioxins are formed in any process of combustion of solid and liquid fuels in the presence of chlorine, oxygen and organic matter at appropriate temperatures. Combustion processes also occur during cigarette smoking, which is also a source of dioxin emissions. Although smoking has been classified as a less important source of dioxins in the environment, it directly affects our health. This work’s aim is to determine and compare the degree of harmfulness caused by the amount of inhaled dioxins: cigarette smoking or living near a waste incineration plant. Based on literature and experimental data, the concentration of dioxins in cigarette smoke and exhaust gases generated by municipal waste incineration plants as well as number of dioxins absorbed per day by the body will be presented.
9
Content available Changes in the pollution of Lodz voivodship rainwater as a result of changes in pollutant immissions
Czerwińska Justyna, Wielgosiński Grzegorz
Acta Innovations
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2019
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no. 30
31--37
EN
Increasing urbanization rates, particularly in cities, cause an increase in pollutant emissions into the environment. Immission of pollutants is the amount of particulate or gaseous pollutants that is received by the environment. Natural precipitation, i.e. rainwater, is polluted during the contact with air. As a result of atmospheric precipitation groundwater and soil become polluted. The pollutants also penetrate surface water, causing further contamination. In rainwater that goes to the sewage system, there are pollutants such as hydrocarbons, heavy metals, slurries, plant protection products and many more. This is largely dependent on the type of management of the catchment, its sanitary condition, and the time and intensity of precipitation. Another important factor is the composition of pollutants emitted into the atmospheric air in each area. The work shows changes in the pollution of rainwater in Lodz Voivodship in the years 2010-2016 and presents analysis of the data collected by the Regional Inspectorate for Environmental Protection. The analysis shows that the state of rainwater is steadily deteriorating which is directly related to air quality.
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