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1
Content available remote Innowacyjne bezołowiowe farby utwardzane promieniami UV do malowania szkła użytkowego
Langer Ewa, Zubielewicz Małgorzata, Kamińska-Bach Grażyna, Jurczyk Sebastian, Bańcer Teresa, Ziółkowski Andrzej
Ochrona przed Korozją
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2023
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nr 9
274--287
PL
Omówiono wyniki badań nad opracowaniem farb utwardzanych promieniami UV przeznaczonych do malowania szkła użytkowego. Opracowano kompozycje lakierowe różniące się rodzajem oligomerów, monomerów i fotoinicjatorów oraz środków pomocniczych, wypełniaczy i pigmentów barwiących. Odpowiednio dobrany układ promotorów adhezji, złożony z pochodnej estrowej kwasu fosforowego oraz aminofunkcyjnego silanu, zapewnił uzyskanie bardzo dobrej przyczepności do szkła bez jakiejkolwiek wstępnej obróbki powierzchni. Powłoki odznaczały się ponadto bardzo dobrym usieciowaniem i doskonałymi właściwościami odpornościowymi.
EN
The results of research on the development of UV-cured paint coatings for utility glass are discussed. Paint compositions differing in the type of oligomers, monomers and photoinitiators as well as additives, fillers and colouring pigments have been developed. A properly selected system of adhesion promoters, consisting of an ester derivative of phosphoric acid and an amino-functional silane, provides very good adhesion to glass without any preliminary surface treatment. In addition to very good adhesion, the coatings are characterized by very good crosslinking and resistance properties.
2
Content available Technology for manufacturing catalytic systems using a pilot line for precious metal recovery
Fuć Paweł, Sokolnicka-Popis Barbara, Ziółkowski Andrzej, Bednarek Maciej, Jagielski Aleks, Michałowska Anna
Combustion Engines
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2023
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R. 62, nr 3
89--96
EN
The subject of this article is to compare the effectiveness of commercial exhaust gas aftertreatment systems such as TWC and GPF with their prototype variant, which is produced on a pilot line that allows the recovery of precious metals. What's more, the said production line allows the manufacture of components compliant with Euro IV, V and VI standards. Depending on the model of the monolith made, it is possible to reduce the consumption of precious metal raw materials by up to 20%, which should be considered a significant result. The article describes in detail the manufacturing process of metal carriers using the mentioned technology. A dynamic engine dynamometer was used for tests verifying the effectiveness of particulate filters, on which the RDE test route covering the area of the Poznan agglomeration was mapped. The tests performed are particularly important, as it should be borne in mind that according to the forecast in 2025, internal combustion engines powered by conventional fuels will account for 85% of all propulsion sources. In addition, the increasing environmental awareness of vehicle users and manufacturers requires solutions to reduce PM emissions into the atmosphere in both mass and number.
3
Wodorowa alternatywa
Fuć Paweł, Ziółkowski Andrzej
Przegląd Komunalny
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2022
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nr 10
86--88
PL
Wodór jest najlżejszym i najbardziej rozpowszechnionym pierwiastkiem we wszechświecie. Szacuje się, że 92,7% atomów występujących w poznanym wszechświecie to wodór, hel stanowi 7,2%, a reszta pierwiastków ma udział na poziomie jedynie 0,1%.
4
Content available remote Parametrization of cauchy stress tensor treated as autonomous object using isotropy angle and skewness angle
Ziółkowski Andrzej
Engineering Transactions
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2022
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Vol. 70, iss. 3
239--286
EN
Intrinsic features (eigenproperties) of the Cauchy stress tensor are discussed. Novelty notions of isotropy and skewness mode angles are introduced for the improved parametric description of spherical (isotropic) and deviatoric (anisotropic) components of stress tensor. The skewness angle is defined with pure shear employed as a comparison reference mode upon observing that pure shear states can be interpreted as elementary (atomic) blocks of any macroscopic deviatoric stress state. An original statistical-physical interpretation of the stress tensor orthogonal invariants is provided. A micromechanical explanation for observed decrease of the stress tensor anisotropy factor values, measured in terms of the tensor orbit diameter, with stress deviator diverging from pure shear mode, is proposed. Explicit reasons explaining why biaxial experimental layouts (simple shear and/or planar shear) are insufficient for the comprehensive characterization of materials properties submitted to complex stress states loadings are presented. New explicit formulas for the triaxiality factor valid for biaxial stress states are delivered.
5
Content available Analysis of emissions and fuel consumption from forklifts by location of operation
Ziółkowski Andrzej, Fuć Paweł, Jagielski Aleks, Bednarek Maciej
Combustion Engines
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2022
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R. 61, nr 2
30--35
EN
The share of road transport accounts for more than 85% of the total structure of freight transportation. In this process, mainly motor vehicles are used to carry out the freight work. In addition to them, forklifts are also used, whose task is to load and unload goods. These vehicles are categorized as NRMM (Non-Road Mobile Machinery). Forklift trucks have internal combustion or electric drive. The paper presents an analysis of the emission of pollutants and fuel consumption from forklift trucks equipped with diesel and LPG power. The study uses the author's test taking into account the raising/lowering of a pallet, a loaded and unloaded run. The measurements were made in the warehouse and outside the warehouse using the Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) equipment. The aim was to show the influence of loading conditions on the emission of pollutants and fuel consumption.
6
Content available Analysis of exhaust emission measurements in rural conditions from heavy-duty vehicle
Ziółkowski Andrzej, Fuć Paweł, Lijewski Piotr, Rymaniak Łukasz, Daszkiewicz Paweł, Kamińska Michalina, Szymlet Natalia, Jagielski Aleks
Combustion Engines
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2020
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R. 59, nr 3
54--58
EN
Road transport holds for the largest share in the freight transport sector in Europe. This work is carried out by heavy vehicles of various types. It is assumed that, in principle, transport should take place on the main road connections, such as motorways or national roads. Their share in the polish road infrastructure is not dominant. Rural and communal roads roads are the most prevalent. This fact formed the basis of the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption tests of heavy vehicles in real operating conditions. A set of vehicles (truck tractor with a semi-trailer) meeting the Euro V emission norm, transporting a load of 24,800 kg, was selected for the tests. The research was carried out on an non-urban route, the test route length was 22 km. A mobile Semtech DS instrument was used, which was used to measure the exhaust emissions. Based on the obtained results, the emission characteristics were determined in relation to the operating parameters of the vehicles drive system. Road emission, specific emission and fuel consumption values were also calculated.
7
Content available An analysis of the use of cruise control in a passenger car
Andrzejewski Maciej, Merkisz Jerzy, Nowak Mateusz, Ziółkowski Andrzej, Daszkiewicz Paweł
Archiwum Motoryzacji
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2020
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Vol. 89, nr 3
37--49
EN
Most vehicles are powered by internal combustion engines. Due to the nature of their operation they emit, among others, carbon dioxide which contributes to the greenhouse effect. CO2 production is strictly correlated with fuel consumption. The article presents the results of road tests of a passenger car with a spark-ignition engine meeting the Euro 6 emission norm. The test vehicle was equipped with a classic exhaust gas aftertreatment system – a three-way catalytic converter. The aim of the study was to verify the impact of the cruise control use on the vehicle fuel consumption. The measurements were based on Portable Emission Measurement System type mobile equipment for exhaust emission tests. The tests were carried out in real driving conditions travelling on an express way. Test drives took place on a route with variable topographic profile. Three test drives with different speeds were carried out, but the aim was to obtain an average speed of 130 km/h.
8
Content available Tests of a prototype spark-ignited, direct-injection engine powered by JET-A1 fuel
Świątek Piotr, Fuć Paweł, Ziółkowski Andrzej, Świątek Lech, Melwiński Paweł
Combustion Engines
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2019
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R. 58, nr 3
117--120
EN
The article presents a part of the work done in a research and development project being made by SWIATEK Lech Swiatek company. It describes the comparison of different fuels used in piston engines with JET-A1 turbine engine fuel. Next, the proposed combustion process of JET-A1 fuel and a prototype one-cylinder engine are described. In details, a special cylinder head and direct injection programmable computer are presented. In the next part, a designed and built test stand is described. Finally, the results and conclusions are presented. The designed test stand enabled to perform assumed tests. The innovative JET-A1 combustion process was possible to perform and the power and torque were higher in 1900-3000 rpm range than with the gasoline fuel. The designed GDI programmable injection computer enabled to fully control the injection and ignition parameters.
9
Content available Evaluating the environmental costs in Poland of city buses meeting the Euro VI norm based on tests in real operating conditions
Rymaniak Łukasz, Fuć Paweł, Lijewski Piotr, Kamińska Michalina, Daszkiewicz Paweł, Ziółkowski Andrzej
Archives of Transport
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2019
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Vol. 52, iss. 4
109--115
EN
The article analyzes the environmental costs which consisted of determining the annual cost for gases and particles released into the atmosphere by city buses meeting the Euro VI norm. To this end, exhaust emissions of a city bus equipped with a conventional drive system were performed. The vehicle had a length of 18m and was powered by a CI engine with a swept volume of 10,5 dm3, with a maximum power of 240 kW. In order to measure the ecological indicators, tests were performed in real driving conditions using the PEMS system. The apparatus made it possible to measure the concentration of gaseous compounds and particulate matter in the exhaust, which made it possible to determine the road exhaust emissions of the tested vehicle. The research was carried out on a test route including urban and suburban roads in accordance with legislative guidelines. The measurements showed that the bus met the exhaust emission limits determined on the basis of measuring windows defined in relation to the work generated by the drive system. In addition to information on the emissivity of the vehicle, the annual emissions from city buses meeting the Euro VI standard in Poland were also estimated. The information contained in the central vehicle register for the number of vehicles registered in Poland that meet the latest emission standards has been used for this purpose.
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