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Impacts of the Petrochemical Industries on Groundwater Quality

Alzboon Kamel, Abu Salem Zaydoun, Alshboul Zeyad, Al-Tabbal Jalal, Al Tarazi Eid, Alrawashdeh Khalideh

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2024

Vol. 25, nr 8

286--299

Global interest in groundwater resource management is significant, with petrochemical industrialization identified as a potential source of groundwater pollution. Petrochemical industrial processes cause significant impacts on groundwater quality through the discharging of highly contaminated waste with oil and chemicals. This study aims to determine the impact of the heavy petrochemical industrial city of Jubail Saudi Arabia on groundwater quality and identify special sources of pollution using a statistical approach. Samples from 47 groundwater wells were collected and analyzed for 23 indicators, mainly chlorinated hydrocarbons, 1,1-olefin hydrocarbons, vinyl chlorides, 1,1,2-trichloroethylene and chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethylene, chlorobenzene, and benzene. The results were compared with permissible standard limits to identify the level of exceedance. The results showed an exceedance in the concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons, total petroleum hydrocarbons, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-trichloroethane, and vinyl chloride more than ten times above the permissible limits of these concentrations. The study revealed the high impact of the petrochemical industries on groundwater quality. Since the current monitoring program depends only on annual sampling of groundwater, there has been a recommendation to install an online groundwater monitoring system to conserve water quality and achieve sustainable management.

Wastewater Treatment and Water Reuse Technologies for Sustainable Water Resources: Jordan as a Case Study

Qteishat Omar, Radideh Jamal, Alzboon Kamel, Abu-Hamatteh Ziad, Al-Azab Tariq

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

2024

Vol. 34, no. 2

177--192

Due to the escalating water demands, in addition to sever water shortage, Jordan has done the most, making reuse a priority in their national water resources strategy. The waste stabilization ponds (WSP) represent the most economical method for wastewater treatment. For these reasons, many treatment plants were built in Jordan Since 1984 where more than 78% of all wastewater discharges had been treated in WSP. Recently, most of these plants were changed to mechanical technologies. The present study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the existing wastewater treatment technologies and to determine the necessity of modified systems. In addition, 80 samples of wastewater collected from the wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) inlet and outlet, analysed for BOD, COD, TSS, and NH4 parameters. Ramtha WWTP was chosen a case study to assess the environmental impact of using modern technologies. Results indicated that the existing treatment plants are facing over hydraulic and organic loads, which cause significant deterioration in their efficiencies. Most of the plants are incapable to achieve the required standards for water reuse. The modern technologies provided high removal efficiencies, better control of odours, operation flexibility, and lower environmental load. Modern treatment technologies can create additional water resources, which is very important parameter in Jordan's water budget. Adequate design, using modern treatment technologies, enacting stricter regulations and better management of urban and rural waste will create more than 200 million cubic meter per year of treated water, which can be reused for irrigation.