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Toxicity assessment of sewage sludge from municipal sewage treatment plants

Hawrylik Eliza, Butarewicz Andrzej, Andraka Marzanna

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2022

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nr 3

257--268

EN

The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of sewage sludge from the municipal sewage treatment plant in Bialystok. Raw sewage, sewage sludge from the primary settling tank, activated sludge, sludge before the fermentation chamber, recirculated sludge and sewage sludge after fermentation and dehydration on press were tested. The Microtox Model 500 kit using Aliivibrio fischeri luminescent bacteria was used for the toxicity analyzes. The EC50 index (indicating the concentration of toxic substances resulting in a 50% reduction in the intensity of luminescence of the bacterial strains used) converted into the TUa toxicity units was adopted as the value describing the toxicity of the tested media. The obtained results showed high and very high ecotoxicity of raw sewage and sewage sludge from the primary settling tank, sludge in front of the fermentation chamber and after fermentation and dehydration in the press. The use of tests determining the toxicity of sewage flowing into the sewage treatment plant and sewage sludge generated at various stages of the treatment process allows to detect the danger associated with the uncontrolled discharge of toxic substances into the sewage system.

PL

Celem niniejszej pracy była ocena toksyczności osadów ściekowych pochodzących z komunalnej oczyszczalni ścieków w Białymstoku. Badaniom poddano ścieki surowe, osad ściekowy z osadnika wstępnego, osad czynny, osad przed komorą fermentacyjną, osad recyrkulowany oraz osad ściekowy po fermentacji i odwodnieniu na prasie. Do analiz toksyczności posłużył zestaw Microtox Model 500 wykorzystujący bakterie luminescencyjne Aliivibrio fischeri. Jako wartość określającą toksyczność badanych mediów przyjęto wskaźnik ECH (wskazujący na stężenie substancji toksycznych powodujące 50% zmniejszenie natężenia luminescencji wykorzystanych szczepów bakteryjnych) przeliczony na jednostki toksyczności TUa. Uzyskane wyniki pokazały wysoką oraz bardzo wysoką ekotoksyczność ścieków surowych oraz osadu ściekowego z osadnika wstępnego, osadu przed komorą fermentacyjną oraz po fermentacji i odwodnieniu na prasie. Wykorzystanie badań określających toksyczność ścieków dopływających do oczyszczalni ścieków oraz osadów ściekowych powstających na różnych etapach procesu oczyszczania pozwala na wykrycie niebezpieczeństwa jakie wiąże się z niekontrolowanym zrzutem substancji toksycznych trafiających do kanalizacji.

2

Influence of Walls in a Container on the Growth of the Chlorella Vulgaris Algae

Kondzior Paweł, Butarewicz Andrzej

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 10

98--108

EN

Most of the algae are eukaryotic organisms commonly found in the aquatic environment. They are characterized by a great variety of species and the possibility of growing under various conditions. They photosynthesize, mainly needing light, water and carbon dioxide to grow. Algae can be used in various branches of the economy for the production of food, animal feed, bio-fertilizers, pigments, they can be used for sewage treatment or carbon dioxide sequestration. The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of the material from which the walls of containers are made on the bioreactors for algae cultivation. Two wall materials were used in the research: shiny aluminium foil and matte black light-absorbing paper. The content of photosynthetic pigments in algae cells, optical density, temperature and pH were examined. The tests were performed in triplicate and the standard error was calculated with the 95% confidence interval. It was observed that the glossy aluminium foil wall significantly improved the growth of the Chlorella vulgaris algae at the lowest light intensities by more than 4 times chlorophyll a compared to the sample placed in a container with walls of matte black paper. This means that the use of walls in shiny aluminium foil containers can reduce the lighting costs and contribute to an increase in the produced biomass.

3

Influence of Low-Frequency Ultrasound on the Disintegration of Coliform and Fecal Coliform Bacteria

Hawrylik Eliza, Butarewicz Andrzej

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 9

192--197

EN

Wastewater contains an abundance of pathogenic microorganisms, which, if they infiltrate into the environment, can cause many bacterial diseases. The lack of widespread use of the wastewater disinfection process raises more and more concerns about the sanitary quality of the wastewater leaving treatment plants. This article aimed to test the effectiveness of the ultrasonic disintegration process against coliform bacteria and fecal coliforms in the treated wastewater. The paper presents the research on the use of ultrasound with a frequency of 20 and 40 kHz, with a variable and constant operating mode of an ultrasonic cleaner. The obtained test results confirm the effectiveness of the applied method. In most of the analyzed cases, 25-minute sonication reduced the number of tested microorganisms by over 90% compared to the control sample. Ultrasonic disintegration can therefore be successfully used in municipal wastewater treatment plants. The use of ultrasound for disinfection can improve the sanitary safety of the wastewater discharged into water or soil.

4

Toxicity of Sewage from Industrial Wastewater Tratment Plants

Butarewicz Andrzej, Wrzaszcz Ewelina, Rosochacki Stanisław

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 2

191--199

EN

The aim of this work was to evaluate the ecotoxicity of the waste water from chosen sewage treatment plants. Microtox M500 and Aliivibrio fischeri luminescent bacteria were used for the assessment of toxicity as well as acute tests using aquatic organisms: Daphnia magna crustacea and Chironomus tentans larvae. The performed ecotoxicological tests showed different ranges of sensitivity of living organisms when it comes to the individual types of industrial sewage. The Aliivibrio fischeri bacteria turned out to be the most sensitive bioindicator. In addition, the inclusion of toxicity tests in a wastewater management system in industrial plants will allow the elimination of toxic sewage disposal into the surface water and soil.