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1

Integrated sedimentological and ichnological study of the Coniacian sedimentation in North Sudetic Basin, SW Poland

Leszczyński S.

Geological Quarterly

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2018

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Vol. 62, No. 4

767--816

EN

Lithofacies and ichnological features of the Coniacian deposits of the upper part of Żerkowice Member and lowest part of the overlying Czerna Formation in southeastern part of the North Sudetic Synclinorium are described and their sedimentary palaeoenvironment is interpreted. The study confirms a shallow-marine to paralic/paludine palaeoenvironment. Sedimentation of the Żerkowice Member occurred in an upper shoreface environment dominated by waves, tidal currents and wave-generated alongshore currents, with an episodic encroachment of fore shore zone and shoal-water deltas. The interpretation is supported by a high-diversity assemblage of trace fossils with 21 ichnogenera, representing a stressed expression of the Skolithos Ichnofacies dominated by Ophiomorpha nodosa and a proximal expression of the Cruziana Ichnofacies with Thalassinoides and rare specimens of diverse other ichnotaxa. Sedimentation of the Czerna Formation commenced after a stasis, with at least a local hiatus caused by emergence, and proceeded in a laterally and vertically more varied environment, with transgressive coastal lagoons evolving into freshwater lakes and marshes and with a repetitive regressive intrusion of shoreface and shoal-water deltas. The emergence of the area is recorded by coal-bearing deposits with plant-root traces. Local occurrence of the Teredolites Ichnofacies in coal (peat) deposits above the base of the Czerna Formation indicates renewed marine flooding. Continuation of the latter is locally evidenced by a trace-fossil assemblage with 17 ichnogenera, representing proximal expression of the Cruziana Ichnofacies followed by distal expression of the Skolithos Ichnofacies in the overlying transgressive-regressive cyclothems. The palaeoenvironmental changes recorded by the sedimentary succession indicate bathymetric fluctuations and imply considerable shoreline shifts and palaeogeographic changes in the basin. These changes are interpreted as a combined signal of 2nd- and 3rd-order eustatic cycles, modified and partly obliterated by the effects of intrabasinal tectonic forcing and by palaeogeographically controlled variation in sediment supply.

2

Coniacian-?Santonian paralic sedimentation in the Rakowice Małe area of the North Sudetic Basin, SW Poland: sedimentary facies, ichnological record and palaeogeographical reconstruction of an evolving marine embayment

Leszczyński S.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2010

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Vol. 80, No 1

1-24

EN

The Coniacian-?Santonian siliciclastic succession outcropped in a sandstone quarry at Rakowice Małe (Żerkowice Member of the Rakowice Wielkie Formation, and the Czerna Formation including the Nowogrodziec Member; North Sudetic Basin, SW Poland) provides an interesting example of paralic deposits. Lithofacies and ichnofossil examination indicate coastal, lacustrine, paludal and lagoonal sedimentation. Valuable new data are supplied by trace fossils, a feature not considered yet in the literature on the Upper Cretaceous of the North Sudetic Basin. Trace fossils are overall abundant in the upper part of the Nowogrodziec Member and overlying part of the Czerna Formation. The following ichnogenera: Thalassinoides, Ophiomorpha, Asterosoma, Palaeophycus, Planolites, Skolithos, Teredolites, Chondrites, Cylindrichnus, Arenicolites, Rosselia, Teichichnus, Phycodes, Phycosiphon, and Schaubcylindrichnus are represented. The trace fossils represent the Skolithos, Teredolites and Cruziana ichnofacies. The Cruziana Ichnofacies is typified by the richest trace fossil assemblage characteristic of its archetypal, proximal and stressed expressions. An upper shoreface to foreshore origin of these sediments is documented using lithofacies and the ichnofossils Ophiomorpha and Thalassinoides in the exposed part of the Żerkowice Member. Dominance of kaolinite, lack of burrows and upward passage into paludal deposits is interpreted to indicate a lacustrine origin of variegated clayey mudstone at the base of the Nowogrodziec Member. The changes of depositional environments are interpreted as resulting from separation of the area from the open sea by a sand barrier formed due to the termination of the forced regression. Siltstones containing plant roots and fragments of drifted wood showing the trace fossil Teredolites clavatus, together with coal-seams containing Thalassinoides isp., are assigned to indicate a coastal plain, paludal deposition of the overlying part of the Nowogrodziec Member and incursion of marine waters. The fining upward sequence constituting the top part of the Nowogrodziec Member and showing almost archetypal Cruziana Ichnofacies substituted by its expression indicative of highly stressed, brackish conditions are shown to indicate extensive drowning of the area and lagoonal sedimentation. Termination of the drowning, embodied in a maximum flooding surface, is indicated in a bed of coaly mudstone at the top of the Nowogrodziec Member. Sedimentation on a periodically prograded brackish bay shoreface is inferred from lithofacies, ichnofossils and body fossils for the deposits overlying the Nowogrodziec Member and topping the examined succession. The trace fossils indicate Cruziana Ichnofacies and Skolithos Ichnofacies in the expression of slightly stressed environ- ments. The whole examined part of the Czerna Formation is interpreted as a fifth-order transgressive-regressive cycle.

3

Trace fossils from Silurian and Devonian turbidites of the Chauvay area, southern Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan

Warchoł M., Leszczyński S.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2009

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Vol. 79, No 1

1-11

EN

The siliciclastic turbidite successions (Pul’gon and Dzhidala Formations) that crop out in the eastern part of the Chauvay River valley, are marked on geological maps as a belt of terrigenous deposits of Silurian-Devonian age. They resemble deposits of overbank areas and depositional lobes of deep sea fans, and display common trace fossils particularly on lower surfaces of sandstone beds. Sixteen ichnotaxa representing four morphological groups have been distinguished. The trace fossil assemblages suggest their affiliation to the Nereites ichnofacies. Various branched, preturbidite forms predominate in both examined units, although the assemblages of individual units differ slightly in composition. In the Pulg’on Formation, small, densely distributed burrows commonly occur on lower surfaces of sandstone beds. Shallow burrowing depth together with relatively low diversity trace fossil assemblages indicate lowered oxygenation of the sea floor.

4

Waste management of half-finished products and thermosetting wastes

Leszczyński S., Brzychczyk B.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2007

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Vol. 9, nr 3

122-126

EN

Plastics are the widely used materials and their application increases every year considerably. Therefore, appropriate waste management policy should be used in relation to the utilization or recycling of scrap plastic components. Although most of these materials refer to thermoplastics, a huge widening demand is observed in the field of thermosets. They find a wide range of applications as the dielectric or insulating materials, high-current breaker switches, sensors and other electrical and electronic devices, as well as high-resistant sleeves in mechanical devices. The substantial part of the thermohardening products is used in a car, heavy, light, chemical industry and agriculture as well. The thermohardening wastes contain a large amount of combustible fraction as thermosetting resins, and various materials as a different kind of metals group like ferromagnetic and copper. Therefore, they are potential sources of energy and secondary materials. Application of thermal methods for the utilization of these wastes in the pyrolysis process was investigated. The development of the utilization of these wastes with the possibility of gas and liquid substance recovery as a potential source of energy on a commercial scale is the main aim of this paper.

5

Thermal conversion of municipal organic waste

Leszczyński S.

Archiwum Gospodarki Odpadami i Ochrony Środowiska

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2007

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Vol. 6

33-40

EN

Annually in Poland comes into being about 4500 thousand Mg of organic wastes and over 350 thousand tons dry masses of municipal sewage sludge. In most cases they are deposited on municipal landfills determining serious hazard for natural environment. This paper presents possibilities of hydrogen production from municipal organic waste and sewage sludge in the thermal two-stage process (outgassing and gasification). Experiments were carried out in low and high temperature under atmospheric pressure. The gas product during utilization was quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed, hydrogen production ratios was over 20%. Hydrogen as a final product after utilization organic waste can be used directly for powering Otto engines or fuel cells achieving high thermodynamic efficiencies and relatively low environmental impacts.

PL

Rocznie w Polsce powstaje około 4500 tys. Mg odpadów organicznych i ponad 350 tys. ton suchej masy komunalnych osadów ściekowych. W przeważającej liczbie przypadków trafiają one bez specjalnej obróbki na komunalne wysypisko odpadów stanowiąc poważne zagrożenie dla środowiska naturalnego. W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano możliwość produkcji wodoru z organicznych odpadów komunalnych i osadów ściekowych w dwuetapowym termicznym procesie odgazowania i zgazowania wsadu. Eksperymenty prowadzono jako proces nisko i wysokotemperaturowy przy ciśnieniu atmosferycznym. Poprocesowe produkty gazowe poddano analizie ilościowej i jakościowej osiagając ponad 20% wskaźnik produkcji wodoru. Wodór jako czyste paliwo może byc efektywnie wykorzystywany w silnika i ogniwach paliwowych bez szkodliwego wpływu na środowisko naturalne.

6

Zagospodarowanie odpadów żelazonośnych zanieczyszczonych cynkiem w przemyśle metalurgicznym

Leszczyński S., Brzychczyk B.

Prace Instytutu Metalurgii Żelaza

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2006

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T. 58, nr 4

117-120

PL

Ostatnie lata w przemyśle metalurgicznym przyniosły znaczące zmiany ograniczenia jego szkodliwego oddziaływania na środowisko naturalne. Jednak ambitne cele zrównoważonego rozwoju branży i ochrony środowiska naturalnego zgodnie z Dyrektywą IPPC i standardami BAT nie zostały w pełni osiągnięte. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono możliwości zagospodarowania odpadów żelazonośnych i wyniki badań laboratoryjnych dotyczących usunięcia z nich cynku w procesach pirolizy i zgazowania z dodatkiem biomasy.

EN

During the last years significant progress related to reduction of hazardous environmental impact has been observed in the metallurgical industry. However, the ambitious goals of sustainable development of this industry and environmental protection in conformity with IPPC Directive and BAT standards have not been fully realized yet. In this paper, the sustainable management of iron-bearing waste is discussed and results of laboratory tests concerning the possibility of removing zinc from them in pyrolysis and gasification processes with biomass addition are presented.

7

New data on heavy minerals from the Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene flysch of the Beskid Śląski Mts. (Polish Carpathians)

Grzebyk J., Leszczyński S.

Geological Quarterly

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2006

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Vol. 50, No. 2

265-280

EN

The types, abundance and origin of non-opaque heavy minerals from17 samples of sandstones and granule conglomerates of the Godula Beds, Upper Istebna Sandstone, Ciężkowice and Cergowa Sandstone (Upper Cretaceous–Paleogene) of the Beskid Śląski Mts. are described in this study. The descriptions are based on standard optical petrographic investigations and on scanning electronmicroscope (including electron microprobe) analysis. Garnet, rutile, zircon and tourmaline are the most common types of heavyminerals. Monazite and apatite occur subordinately, whereas epidote and spinel are sporadic. The heavy minerals from the Middle and Upper Godula Beds and the Upper Istebna Sandstone indicate original derivation mainly from metamorphic rocks of granulite and partly eclogite facies. Metasediments were significant constituents, with subordinate granitoids and hornfelses. Granitoids and corresponding pegmatites and aplites, as well as metapelites and metapsammites, appear to be the primary crystalline parent rocks of the Lower Godula Beds and the Ciężkowice Sandstone. Garnet-mica schists with subordinate granitoids and their pegmatites are interpreted as the main crystalline parent rocks of the Cergowa Sandstone. Sporadic chromian spinels and chromian pyrope indicate derivation from mafic and ultramafic rocks. Co-occurrence of rounded and fresh unabraded grains (sometimes euhedral) suggests a mixed provenance for the clastic material, both from crystalline and older sedimentary rocks.

8

Application of fluidized bed combustion technology for utilization of post-rolling oily wastes [communication]

Leszczyński S.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2005

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Vol. 31, no. 3

99--108

EN

The article presents the investigations of fluidized combustion of oily wastes derived from cold rolling-mill process on a zeolite bed. Oily wastes generated in the rolling-mill process are one of the most hazardous residues from metallurgical works because the toxic additives content. The experiments were carried out using a small laboratory combustor with full measurement equipment. The measurement apparatus associated with the combustion chamber made it possible to measure the basic parameters of the process including the composition of exhaust gasses. It has been shown that the combustion of oily wastes from cold rolling-mill process can be conducted efficiently and friendly for the environment.

PL

W pracy zaprezentowano badania z zakresu zastosowania technologii fluidalnego spalania do utylizacji powalcowniczych odpadów olejowych na złożach zeolitowych. Powalcownicze odpady olejowe zaliczane są do jednych z najbardziej uciążliwych odpadów pochodzących z przemysłu metalurgicznego z uwagi na zawartość wielu substancji toksycznych. W niniejszej pracy badania laboratoryjne zostały przeprowadzone na małym, eksperymentalnym w pełni oprzyrządowanym piecu do fluidalnego spalania. Wyposażenie pomiarowe stanowiska i komory spalania umożliwiało pomiar podstawowych parametrów procesu spalania wraz z analizą składu gazów spalinowych. W efekcie umożliwiło to prowadzenie procesu spalania przedmiotowych odpadów jak najefektywniej z jednoczesnym uwzględnieniem minimalizacji obciążenia środowiska naturalnego emisją składników toksycznych.

9

Bioturbation structures of the Kropivnik Fucoid Marls (Campanian-lower Maastrichtian) of the Huwniki-Rybotycze area (Polish Carpathians)

Leszczyński S.

Geological Quarterly

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2004

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Vol. 48, No 1

35--60

EN

The Kropivnik Fucoid Marls of the Polish Outer Carpathians contain numerous bioturbation structures, and comprise thin-bedded sandstones, hard and soft marlstones and muddy to clayey, mainly turbiditic shales. Comparison of three sections elucidated the stratigraphic and sedimentological controls on the distribution of the bioturbation structures, which are most common on the soles of sandstone beds, and within and on the tops of beds of hard marlstone overlain by shale. Most of the bioturbation structures are taxonomically undeterminable. Nevertheless, twenty seven ichnospecies, including one new ichnospecies (Taenidium recurvum), and seven forms of trace fossils of unknown taxonomic affinity were recognised. Most ichnotaxa were observed as individual specimens. Irregular structures apparently formed by the squashing of burrows filled with fluidised fill, called here turbidichnia, are quite common in some marlstone beds in the lower part of the succession. Planolites beverleyensis and Halopoa imbricata are the most frequent trace fossils on the lower surfaces of sandstone beds. Chondrites intricatus, Planolites beverleyensis and Thalassinoides suevicus represent the most common taxa in hard marlstones. Endoreliefs of Scolicia isp. are quite frequent in the top parts of marlstone beds in some parts of the succession. Other ichnotaxa were found either rarely or as single specimens only. The burrowing depth, reaching 15 cm below the tops of normally-graded rhythmic units, together with the relatively rich trace fossil assemblage and common occurrence of Planolites and Thalassinoides, is interpreted as indicating fully oxic conditions at the bottom of the sedimentary basin.

10

Licznik do bezpośredniego pomiaru poboru energii biernej przy tgj większym od neutralnego

Borecki J., Pacuszko L., Leszczyński S., Płoński R.

Energetyka

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2003

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nr 10-11

677-680

PL

Opisano stosowaną w kraju metodę pomiaru poboru energii biernej i sposób jej rozliczania z odbiorcami. Przedstawiono wady tej metody. Scharakteryzowano licznik do bezpośredniego pomiaru ponadoptymalnego poboru energii biernej. Podano ekonomiczne i techniczne efekty stosowania tego licznika na podstawie zebranych wyników pomiarów. Przedstawiono wnioski.

EN

There is a description of the wattles energy consumption measuring method used in the country and the method of the energy settlement with consumers. Disadvantages of the method are presented. The meter for direct measurement of over optimal wattless energy consumption is characterized. The economic and technical results of the meter application are given on the basis of collected measurement results. The conclusions are presented.

11

Bioturbation structures in the Holovnia Siliceous Marls (Turonian-lower Santonian) in Rybotycze (Polish Carpathians)

Leszczyński S.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2003

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Vol. 73, No 2

103-122

EN

The Holovnia Siliceous Marls represent carbonate turbidites interbedded with non-calcareous pelagic/hemipelagic shales. This study reports on bioturbation pattern, trace fossil assemblage and distribution of bioturbation structures, i.e. structures resulting from the life activity of organisms in general, in the succession exposed in the village of Rybotycze. 20 ichnospecies were identified, with one new ichnogenus (Squamichnus) and one new species (Squamichnus acinaceformis). The ichnofossils represent nearly exclusively fodinichnia produced close to the seafloor, below calcite compensation depth. Shallow location of anoxic pore waters is indicated to be responsible for relatively shallow bioturbation depth whereas variability in frequency of turbidite sedimentation and petrographic composition of turbidites is suggested as the chief control on the vertical distribution of the bioturbation structures in the succession.

12

Sedimentary conditions in the Siary zone of the Magura basin (Carpathians) in the late Eocene-early Oligocene

Leszczyński S., Malata E.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2002

|

Vol. 72, No 3

201-239

EN

The sediments of the upper Eocene (Priabonian)-lower Oligocene (Rupelian) of the Siary zone in the Magura nappe (basically Magura Beds in glauconitic facies) display features indicating their origination in sedimentary conditions quite different from those in which coeval sediments from the other parts of the Carpathians were deposited. This paper aims at interpreting the sedimentary conditions on the basis of lithofacies, their vertical and lateral distribution, foraminifera assemblages, CaCO3 and organic matter content determined in six transects through the entire Siary zone, the contents of main and trace elements determined in 11 samples from one section and different published data. Lithofacies and the present day shape of the Siary zone suggest sedimentation of the entire succession in a strongly elongated confined basin. Facies distribution indicates deposition on a submarine ramp that gradually expanded to NE and E along the slopes of the outer basin margin. Assemblages of foraminifera suggest location of the basin bottom below the foraminiferal lysocline. Moreover, foraminifera together with bioturbation structures and sediment geochemistry indicate sedimentation mainly in weakly oxic, close to dysoxic bottom waters. The differences in facies in relation to the coeval deposits of the other parts of the Carpathians are interpreted as resulting mainly from intense resedimentation in the Siary zone during the Priabonian-Rupelian, and in part from the relatively low calcium carbonate supply. Gradual expansion of resedimentation towards NE, followed by a decrease in the supply of coarse-grained material is regarded as due to lithosphere rollback beneath the evolving Carpathians. This process is interpreted as of superior significance in controlling sedimentation during the Priabonian-Rupelian not only in the Siary zone but also in the entire Magura basin. This was the factor responsible for forcing the subsidence of the Magura basin, accretionary wedge development in its inner part, and fore-bulging of the area at some distance in front of the zone of the rolling back lithosphere, i.e. in the source area of the sedimentary succession in question. Finally, this process also caused drowning and burying of the source area.

13

Wybrane aspekty gospodarowania odpadami w perspektywie przyłączenia się Polski do UE

Leszczyński S.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Białostockiej. Inżynieria Środowiska

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2001

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Z. 15

271-276

PL

Polska poświęca wiele uwagi sprawom ochrony środowiska, którego stan obecny nie jest jeszcze zadowalający. Tak ogromne zaległości w tej dziedzinie powstały w wyniku prowadzonej przez wiele lat polityki szybkiego rozwoju energochłonnych i materiałochłonnych technologii bez wystarczającego zabezpieczenia środowiska naturalnego przed ich negatywnym oddziaływaniem. W tej sytuacji najpilniejsze problemy, które stoją do rozwiązania w skali całego kraju przed przystąpieniem do Unii Europejskiej dotyczą zarządzania produkcją i wywozem odpadów komunalnych, przemysłowych, niebezpiecznych oraz wyboru optymalnych metod ich unieszkodliwiania i utylizacji. W artykule przedstawiono podstawy prawne normalizujące gospodarkę odpadami, zwracając szczególną uwagę na metody termiczne przybliżono proces pirolitycznej ich utylizacji.

EN

Poland pays much more attention to the problems of environmental protection, which is still not satisfactory here. Our present condition in this domain is the result of the economic policy which was carried on for many years and which was giving priority to the fast growth of high energy and material consuming industries and neglecting measures providing protection against detrimental effects to the environment. In this situation, before Polish accede to the UE, managing the generation and disposal of municipal, industrial and hazardous waste and choice of optimal methods theirs neutralization and utilization is one of the main environmental problems facing Poland. In the article described law bases of waste management, focused attention on the thermal methods and additionally in details the application of pyrolytical method for utilization of different wastes has been presented in this paper too.

14

The Siary zone of the Magura Nappe (Western Outer Carpathians) in the Late Eocene-Early Oligocene: sedimentation in front of an accretionary prism

Leszczyński S.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2001

|

nr 396

96-97

15

Carpathian flysch sea in the Late Eocene-Early Oligocene: example of bottom-water oxygenation development

Leszczyński S.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2001

|

nr 396

95-96

16

Pirolityczna utylizacja substancji celulozowych

Leszczyński S.

Ekologia i Technika

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1999

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R. 7, nr 2

50-54

PL

W Polsce rocznie powstaje ponad 2100 tys. ton odpadów celulozowych z czego 60% trafia w różnej postaci na składowiska i wysypiska. W związku z tym znalezienie przyjaznej dla środowiska metody ich unieszkodliwienia uzasadnionej ekonomicznie jest istotnym zadaniem do zrealizowania. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono pirolityczną metodę utylizacji odpadów celulozowych pochodzących z przemysłu papierniczego. Ponieważ wiele badań podejmowanych do chwili obecnej z przedmiotowego zakresu nie dało pozytywnego e fektu a procesy termicznego rozpadu w porównaniu z nimi okazują się szybsze i efektywniejsze. Ponadto pozwalają one odzyskiwać energię z unieszkodliwionych odpadów i znacząco zredukować ich ilość i masę. Piroliza jest procesem termicznej degradacji dowolnego wsadu prowadzonym bez dostępu powietrza. Dla odpadów celulozowych proces może przebiegać dwudrogowo jako: stopniowy, powolny rozpad i depolimeryzacja w niższych temperaturach lub jako szybka degradacja z wydzielaniem się znacznej ilości produktów gazowych w wysokich temperaturach. W warunkach pośrednich mogą powstawać różnego rodzaju kombinacje ilościowe i jakościowe w skaład, których wchodzą: węgiel drzewny, substancje oleiste i gazowe. W artykule przedstawiono przebieg termicznego rozkładu odpadów celulozowych w ogrzewanym elektrycznie reaktorze pirolitycznym wraz z analizą procesu dopalania gazów popirolitycznych.

EN

More then 2.1 milion tons of cellulosic wastes are created in Poland every year (1994). About 60% are deposited on dumping grounds of different kind. Finding methods of environmentally friendly waste disposal becomes a real ecological and economical problem. The article discuses pyrolytical utilization residues coming from the exixting technology of the pulp and paper industries. Up to-day a lot solutions have been undertaken, however only thermal remediation processes are generally very rapid and efficient. Pyrolysis process allows recovering energy from waste, with a drastical reducing the waste mass and value. Pyrolysis is a thermal remediation process of different wastes with absence of air. Thermal degradation of cellulose proceeds through two types of different wastes with absence of air. Thermal degradation of cellulose proceeds through two types of reactions: a gradual depolymeriazation and pyrolisys at higher temperatures. Pyrolysis under these conditions results in different products that can be collected in three fractions: char, tar and a mixture of volatile gases. Thermal decomposition of cellulosic wastes using electrically heated pyrolitic reactor was describet. Additionally, an analysis of after-burning process for pyrolytic gases was made.