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1
Content available The extraordinary world of Sulphur. Part 1
Szydło Zbigniew A.
Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology
|
2023
|
R. 28, NR 1-2
5--38
EN
Sulphur is a highly reactive element, and is therefore able to enter into a great variety of chemical combinations, resulting in the formation of compounds of widely differing properties. Reactions involving sulphur, and the compounds which they produce, have stimulated and inspired people throughout the ages. Sulphur has always been associated with volcanoes, fires and smells. However, its story goes much further. Sulphur is present in thousands of products of the chemical industry, which are in everyday use. These include car batteries, car tyres, matches, paints, paper, textiles, food, detergents and pharmaceuticals. In part 1 of this essay, the evolution of the role of sulphur in the history of mankind is explained, through the eyes of etymology, geology, literature, art, and chemistry. In part 2 the role of sulphur in biochemistry and chemical technology is reviewed. In so doing, a case is established, to show that sulphur is the most extraordinary substance known to Man.
2
Content available Science curiosities cabinet and the chemical showcase
Szydło Zbigniew A.
Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology
|
2022
|
R. 27, NR 1-2
79--103
EN
With the drastic reduction of the school chemistry teaching program in England in 1986, large quantities of apparatus and chemicals became redundant. The disused apparatus at Highgate School inspired the construction of a chemical showcase for pupils; this has encouraged pupils to develop a passion for chemistry. The idea of a “miniature museum” came from a visit to a local primary school in London, which had a beautiful science curiosities cabinet in one of its rooms. In both schools, sciences thrive, and are popular among pupils. Undoubtedly a display of assorted artefacts, which can be readily accessed by pupils, makes a significant impact on developing their interest in science. It is hoped that the story of these ventures will inspire teachers to make their own versions of these excellent and easily constructed educational facilities.
3
Content available Chemical electricity
Szydło Zbigniew A.
Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology
|
2021
|
R. 26, NR 1-2
5--29
EN
In 1800 Alessandro Volta published the results of several years’ work on the phenomenon of electric shocks which he experienced from physical contact with the terminals of his newly developed battery. His work was prompted by Luigi Galvani’s explanation of involuntary muscle spasms in frog’s legs, which he induced and attributed to animal electricity. Volta’s paper opened the floodgates for research in the new field of electrochemistry which has resulted in today’s worldwide electric battery industry. This essay explains the sequence of natural events and their explanations which led to the publication of Volta’s paper, and gives an overview of the scientific research resulting from Volta’s work. This research includes attempts to improve batteries, and the development of ideas which led to a better understanding of matter and the way it interacts with energy. Practical details for the teaching of several important chemical concepts are listed in the appendix. The experiments are related to a reaction which has been known for many centuries - that between iron and copper sulphate solution.
4
Content available Hydrogen - some historical highlights
Szydło Zbigniew A.
Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology
|
2020
|
R. 25, NR 1-2
5--34
EN
The early history of experiments in which an inflammable air was prepared is outlined. Once hydrogen had been discovered by Cavendish in 1766, the world of science and technology was given a colossal impetus. Its scientific and social consequences form the main focus of this essay. Special attention is given to explain why experiments were done, and their aims. The many difficulties which confronted scientists in the interpretation of their results are discussed. Timelines have been used in order to facilitate an understanding of the evolution of ideas. A particular emphasis is given to the story of how, through spectral analysis of the hydrogen atom, our understanding of atomic structure developed. Experiments involving hydrogen constitute important teaching material in schools. Detailed instructions are given for making hydrogen in the laboratory and for demonstrating its lightness and flammability. Suggestions are made of how to use these reactions to teach a wide variety of chemical concepts and facts.
5
Content available History of fire
Szydło Zbigniew A.
Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology
|
2019
|
R. 24, NR 1-2
23--43
EN
The history of fire is an important and fascinating topic, yet it is not covered in any school or university syllabus. In the present article, the author argues a case for its inclusion in chemistry teaching programs. He outlines some key points relating to investigations on the nature of combustion processes and the discovery of oxygen. Details are included for a class experiment with gunpowder, which is suitable for school pupils aged 13 to 15.
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