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Mechanical properties of the mouse femur after treatment with diclofenac and running exercises

Trzaskowska Aleksandra, Mielcarek Sławomir, Lehmann Tomasz, Pruszyńska-Oszmałek Ewa, Kołodziejski Paweł, Głowacki Maciej

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2022

Vol. 24, no. 2

130--139

The flexible properties of the bone are essential for the movement and protection of vital organs. The ability of a bone to resist fractures under the influence of large muscles and physical activity depends on its established mechanical properties. This article discusses how exercise such as treadmill running and taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as diclofenac, affect the musculoskeletal system by modifying the elastic and thermal properties of the left femur of a mouse. Methods: The research was conducted using 9-week-old C57BL/6J female mice. In order to investigate the elastic and thermal properties of bones, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were performed. Results: The study of elastic properties, followed by in-depth statistical analysis, shows that taking diclofenac slightly reduces the elastic parameters of the bones under study. These changes are more pronounced in DSC studies, the shift of the observed endothermic peaks is on the order of several degrees with a simultaneous increase in the enthalpy of this process. Conclusions: The opposite effect of the applied factors – diclofenac and running – on the elastic properties of the bones of the examined mice was found. The external factors – running and diclofenac – modify the basic parameters of the endothermic process associated with the release of water.

Trabecular bone remodelling in the femur of C57BL/6J mice treated with diclofenac in combination with treadmill exercise

Lehmann Tomasz P., Wojtków Magdalena, Pruszyńska-Oszmałek Ewa, Kołodziejski Paweł, Pezowicz Celina, Trzaskowska Aleksandra, Mielcarek Sławomir, Szybowicz Mirosław, Nowicka Ariadna B., Nowicki Marek, Misterska Ewa, Iwańczyk-Skalska Ewa, Jagodziński Paweł, Głowacki Maciej

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2021

Vol. 23, no. 3

3--11

Purpose: Analgesic treatment with diclofenac deteriorates bone structure and decreases biomechanical properties. This bone loss has been though to be reversed by training. The impact of exercise on bone treated with diclofenac (DF) has reminded elusive. In the present study, we assayed the combined impact of exercises and DF on mouse femur. Methods: The femur samples we obtained from 30 days treated C57BL/6J female mice. The training group ran on a horizontal treadmill at 12 m/min by 30 min a day (5% grade/slope). The group of ten mice treated with DF received the drug subcutaneously every day (5 mg/kg of body weight/day). The combined group ran on the treadmill and obtained DF. After 30 days, we sacrificed mice and studied their femurs using microcomputed tomography (µCT), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and nanoindentation. Results: We observed that treadmill running and DF decreased trabecular bone volume and mineral density. Combined effect of training and DF was not additive. A significant interaction of both parameters suggested protective effect of training on bone loss provoked by DF. The femur cortical bone shell remained untouched by the training and treatment. The training and the DF treatment did not alter the storage modulus E’ significantly. The unchanged storage modulus would be suggesting on the unaltered bone strength. Conclusions: We concluded that even relatively short time of training with concomitant DF treatment could be protective on trabecular bone. Although viscoelastic properties of the entire femur were not modulated, femur trabecular tissue was thinned by treatment with DF and protected by training.