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Kinetic Characteristics of Thermophilic Aerobic Membrane Reactor (TAMR) for Iraqi Municipal Wastewater

Kalash Khairi R., Waisi Basma I., Al-Furaiji Mustafa

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 3

303--312

EN

We evaluated the performance of a wastewater treatment plant with a thermophilic aerobic membrane reactor (TAMR) system. The two kinetic models used to describe its behavior are the Stover-Kincannon modification and secondary order treatments. One could predict the kinetic parameters for removing both chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) from the wastewater substrate. The substrate removal rate was 1.66 per day within a correlation coefficient оf 0.9978. Also, those coefficients for COD concentration are 0.9977 and 0.9965, according to the modified model. As for COD, the probable maximum utilization rate was estimated to be 60.24 g\L·day. The saturation value is about 64.81 g\L·day. However, the maximal uptake by biomass of ammonia nitrogen is 32.42 g/L·day, and the saturation constant is 30.12 g/L·day. Stover-Kincannon’s modified model has been shown to be an effective method for the treatment of sewage – and it even makes fairly accurate predictions as to what will happen wth the COD and the ammonia nitrogen content in sewage. In addition, it is useful for optimizing wastwater treatment that is both simple and highly efficient at producing accurate predictions.

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Performance Enhancement of Polyethersulfone-Based Ultrafiltration Membrane Decorated by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Dye Filtration

Abed Ihal A., Waisi Basma I.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 5

265--273

EN

This study describes the modification of a polyethersulfone (PES)-based membrane by embedding titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanoparticles. The prepared composite membranes are then characterized and applied for melechate green dye (MG) filtration from water to asses its filtering capabilities. The effect of TiO2 contents on the morphology and filtration performance of the prepared composite membranes was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. The blended membranes displayed improved water permeability and dye rejection compared to the plain PES. The membrane characterization results showed that compared to the plain PES membrane, the porosity of pure membrane increased (from 15.1% to 34.7%) with increasing the percentage of the embedded TiO2 . Then, the optical performance of the prepared membranes was examined in a cross-flow filtration system to separate MG dye from water. The filtration experiments showed that the composite PES/TiO2 membrane of 1.5 wt.% TiO2 has the best separation performance (permeate flux of 45 L/m2 .hr and dye removal efficiency of 80%).

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Enhanced Hydrophobic Double-Layer Nanofibers Membranes for Direct Contact Membrane Distillation

Safi Nawras N., Waisi Basma I.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 4

325--335

EN

There are several uses for electrospun nanofiber membranes because of their unique properties. Electrospinning, under suitable conditions, has allowed for the successful fabrication of nanofibrous membranes. This research, a dual-layer membrane was prepared and applied in a direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based electrospun nanofibers comprised the initial (base) layer. Hydrophobic electrospun nanofibers made from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) comprised the second (top) layer. The analysis was carried out using contact angle measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the morphology and wetting of a series of two-layer nanofiber membranes that were made with different percentages of PAN: PMMA. The study examined how the permeate flux was affected by changes in feed concentration, feed temperature, and feed flow rate. and optimized within a logical framework. These included feed inlet temperatures between 35 and 55 °C, salt concentrations between 70,000 and 210,000 ppm, and rates of supply flow of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 L/min. DCMD findings for the (25 PAN:75PMMA) membrane displayed that the amount of salt it rejected was better than 99.356% with flux 51.872 kg/m2 .h and a penetrate through conductivity lower down 334 µs/cm when performed under optimally supplied conditions (i.e., 70 g/L; 0.6 L/min; and 55 °C).