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Quantification in frame semantics with binders and nominals of hybrid logic

Kallmeyer L., Osswald R., Pogodalla S.

Journal of Language Modelling

2017

Vol. 5, No. 2

357--383

This paper aims to integrate logical operators into frame-based semantics. Frames are semantic graphs that allow lexical meaning to be captured in a fine-grained way but that do not come with a natural way to integrate logical operators such as quantifiers. The approach we propose stems from the observation that modal logic is a powerful tool for describing relational structures, including frames. We use its hybrid logic extension in order to incorporate quantification and thereby allow for inference and reasoning. We integrate our approach into a type theoretic compositional semantics, formulated within Abstract Categorial Grammars. We also show how the key ingredients of hybrid logic, nominals and binders, can be used to model semantic coercion, such as the one induced by the begin predicate. In order to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed syntax-semantics interface, all the examples can be run and tested with the Abstract Categorial Grammar development toolkit.

Syntax-driven semantic frame composition in Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammars

Kallmeyer L., Osswald R.

Journal of Language Modelling

2013

Vol. 1, No. 2

267--330

The grammar framework presented in this paper combines Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar (LTAG) with a (de)compositional frame semantics. We introduce elementary constructions as pairs of elementary LTAG trees and decompositional frames. The linking between syntax and semantics can largely be captured by such construction since in LTAG, elementary trees represent full argument projections. Substitution and adjunction in the syntax then trigger the unification of the associated semantic frames, which are formally defined as base-labelled feature structures. Moreover, the system of elementary constructions is specified in a metagrammar by means of tree and frame descriptions. This metagrammatical factorization gives rise to a fine-grained decomposition of the semantic contributions of syntactic building blocks, and it allows us to separate lexical from constructional contributions and to carve out generalizations across constructions. In the second half of the paper, we apply the framework to the analysis of directed motion expressions and of the dative alternation in English, two well known examples of the interaction between lexical and constructional meaning.

TuLiPA - Parsing extensions of TAG with range concatenation grammars

Kallmeyer L., Maier W., Parmentier Y., Dellert J.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

2010

Vol. 58, nr 3

377-391

In this paper we present a parsing framework for extensions of Tree Adjoining Grammar (TAG) called TuLiPA (T¨ubingen Linguistic Parsing Architecture). In particular, besides TAG, the parser can process Tree-Tuple MCTAG with Shared Nodes (TT-MCTAG), a TAGextension which has been proposed to deal with scrambling in free word order languages such as German. The central strategy of the parser is such that the incoming TT-MCTAG (or TAG) is transformed into an equivalent Range Concatenation Grammar (RCG) which, in turn, is then used for parsing. The RCG parser is an incremental Earley-style chart parser. In addition to the syntactic anlysis, TuLiPA computes also an underspecified semantic analysis for grammars that are equipped with semantic representations.