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The development of airport security screening systems requires the use of increasingly sophisticated and effective equipment to detect prohibited or hazardous items and substances. However, this can lead to a reduction in the throughput of the security checkpoint (SCP). This paper addresses the operationally important problem of the dilemma between screening effectiveness and screening checkpoint throughput, which is important to the real operational capabilities of an airport. In this paper, a comparison of traditional walk-through metal detectors (WTMD) gates and newer technology body scanners (BSs) was carried out in terms of SCP throughput as an element determining the operational capabilities of the airport. For this purpose, a simulation model was developed to study throughput based on a colored timed Petri net. The analysis showed that, depending on the characteristics of the available staff, the level of terrorist and epidemic threat, as well as the time of year, it is advantageous to use different strategies to vary the size of the stream of passengers directed for screening by the WTMD gate and BS.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
5--18
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 24 poz.
Twórcy
autor
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Transport, Koszykowa 75, Warsaw, 00-662, Poland
autor
- WSB University, Zygmunta Cieplaka 1c, Dąbrowa Górnicza, 41-300, Poland
autor
- WSB University, Zygmunta Cieplaka 1c, Dąbrowa Górnicza, 41-300, Poland
autor
- WSB University, Zygmunta Cieplaka 1c, Dąbrowa Górnicza, 41-300, Poland
autor
- Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland
autor
- Polish Air Force University, Dywizjonu 303 no. 35, Dęblin, 08-521, Poland
autor
- Belchatow District Police Headquarters, 1 Maja no. 7, Bełchatów, 97-400, Poland
Bibliografia
- 1. Commission implementing regulation (EU) 2015/1998 of 5 November 2015 laying down detailed measures for the implementation of the common basic standards on aviation security.
- 2. AlKheder, S. & Alomair, A. & Aladwani, B. Hold baggage security screening system in Kuwait International Airport using Arena software. Ain Shams Engineering Journal. 2019. Vol. 11(3). P. 687-696.
- 3. Boekhold, J. & Faghri, A. & Li, M. Evaluating security screening checkpoints for domestic flights using a general microscopic simulation model. Journal of Transportation Security. 2014. Vol. 7. P. 45-67.
- 4. Bolfing, A. & Halbherr, T. & Schwaninger, A. How image based factors and human factors contribute to threat detection performance in x-ray aviation security screening. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2008. No. 5298. P. 419-438.
- 5. Cavada, J. & Cortés, C. & Rey, P. A simulation approach to modelling baggage handling systems at an international airport. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory. 2017. Vol. 75. P. 146-164.
- 6. Concho, A. & Ramirez-Marquez, J. A mathematical framework for passenger screening optimization via a multi-objective evolutionary approach. Computers & Industrial Engineering. 2012. Vol. 62. P. 839-850.
- 7. Dorton, S. & Liu, D. Effects of baggage volume and alarm rate on airport security screening checkpoint efficiency using queuing networks and discrete event simulation. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries. 2016. Vol. 26. P. 95-109.
- 8. Gillen, D. & Morrison, W. Aviation security: Costing, pricing, finance and performance. Journal of Air Transport Management. 2015. Vol. 48. P. 1-12.
- 9. Hattenschwiler, N. & Sterchi, Y. & Mendes, M. & Schwaninger, A. Automation in airport security X-ray screening of cabin baggage: Examining benefits and possible implementations of automated explosives detection. Applied Ergonomics. 2018. Vol. 72. P. 58-68.
- 10. Huegli, D. & Merks, S. & Schwaninger, A. Automation reliability, human-machine system performance, and operator compliance: A study with airport security screeners supported by automated explosives detection systems for cabin baggage screening. Applied Ergonomics. 2020. Vol. 86. No. 103094.
- 11. Janssen, S. & van der Sommen, R. & Dilweg, A. & Sharpanskykh, A. Data-driven analysis of airport security checkpoint operations. Aerospace. 2020. Vol. 7(6). No. 69.
- 12. Janssen, S. & Matias, D. & Sharpanskykh, A. An agent-based empirical game theory approach for airport security patrols. Aerospace. 2020. Vol. 7(1). No. 8.
- 13. Jensen, K. & Kristensen, L. & Wells, L. Coloured Petri Nets and CPN Tools for Modelling and Validation of Concurrent Systems. International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer. 2007. Vol. 9(3-4). P. 213-254.
- 14. Lee, A. & Jacobson, S. The impact of aviation checkpoint queues on optimizing security screening effectiveness. Reliability Engineering & System Safety. 2011. Vol. 96. P. 900-911.
- 15. Li, Y. & Gao, X. & Xu, Z. & Zhou, X. Network-based queuing model for simulating passenger throughput at an airport security checkpoint. Journal of Air Transport Management. 2017. Vol. 66. P. 13-24.
- 16. McCarley, J. & Kramer, A. & Wickens, C. & Vidoni, E. & Boot, W. visual skills in airport security screening. Psychological Science. 2004. Vol. 15. P. 302-306.
- 17. Michel, S. & Mendes, M. & de Ruiter, J. & Koomen, G. & Schwaninger, A. Increasing X-ray image interpretation competency of cargo security screeners. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 2014. Vol. 44. P. 551-560.
- 18. Sheldon, H. & Jacobson, J. & Virta, L. & Bowman, J. & Kobza, J. & Nestor, J. Modeling aviation baggage screening security systems: a case study, IIE Transactions. 2003. Vol. 35(3). P. 259-269.
- 19. Skorupski, J. & Uchroński, P. Managing the process of passenger security control at an airport using the fuzzy inference system. Expert Systems With Applications. 2016. Vol. 54. P. 284-293.
- 20. Skorupski, J. & Uchroński, P. A fuzzy model for evaluating metal detection equipment at airport security screening checkpoints. International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection. 2017. Vol. 16. P. 39-48.
- 21. Skorupski, J. & Uchroński, P. & Łach, A. A method of hold baggage security screening system throughput analysis with an application for a medium-sized airport. Transportation Research Part C. 2018. Vol. 88. P. 52-73.
- 22. Stewart, M. & Mueller, J. Risk-based passenger screening: risk and economic assessment of TSA PreCheck increased security at reduced cost? 2016. Research Report No. 283.06. The University of Newcastle, Australia.
- 23. Wales, A. & Halbherr, T. & Schwaninger, A. Using speed measures to predict performance in X- ray luggage screening tasks. Proceedings of International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology. 2009. P. 212-215.
- 24. Yoo, K. & Choi, Y. Analytic hierarchy process approach for identifying relative importance of factors to improve passenger security checks at airports. Journal of Air Transport Management. 2006. Vol. 12. P. 135-142.
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Bibliografia
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