Minimal phrase structure : a new formalized theory of phrase structure

• Autorzy: Lowe John J. , Lovestrand Joseph

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.15398/jlm.v8i1.247

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

X´ theory was a major milestone in the history of the development of generative grammar.¹ It enabled important insights to be made into the phrase structure of human language, but it had a number of weaknesses, and has been essentially replaced in Chomskyan generativism by Bare Phrase Structure (BPS), which assumes fewer theoretical primitives than X´ theory, and also avoids several of the latter’s weaknesses. However, Bare Phrase Structure has not been widely adopted outside the Minimalist Program (MP), rather, X´ theory remains widespread. In this paper, we develop a new, fully formalized approach to phrase structure which incorporates insights and advances from BPS, but does not require the Minimalist-specific assumptions that come with BPS. We formulate our proposal within Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG), providing an empirically and theoretically superior model for phrase structure compared with standard versions of X´ theory current in LFG.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

phrase structure; X’ theory; Bare Phrase Structure; Lexical-Functional Grammar

• Wydawca: Instytut Podstaw Informatyki PAN
• Czasopismo: Journal of Language Modelling
• Rocznik: 2020
• Tom: Vol. 8, No. 1
• Strony: 1--52
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 72 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Lowe John J.

• University of Oxford, Centre for Linguistics & Philology, Walton Street, Oxford OX1 2HG, UK

autor

Lovestrand Joseph

• SOAS University of London, Thornhaugh Street, Russell Square, London WC1H 0XG, UK

Bibliografia

• [1] Avery D. ANDREWS (2018), Sets, heads and spreading in LFG, Journal of Language Modelling, 6 (1):131-174.
• [2] Avery D. ANDREWS and Christopher D. MANNING (1999), Complex predicates and information spreading in LFG, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
• [3] Doug ARNOLD and Louisa SADLER (2013), Displaced dependent constructions, in Miriam BUTT and Tracy Holloway KING, editors, Proceedings of the LFG13 Conference, pp. 48-68, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
• [4] Ash ASUDEH (2012), The logic of pronominal resumption, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
• [5] Ash ASUDEH, Mary DALRYMPLE, and Ida TOIVONEN (2013), Constructions with lexical integrity, Journal of Language Modelling, 1 (1): 1-54.
• [6] Peter AUSTIN and Joan BRESNAN (1996), Non-configurationality in Australian Aboriginal languages, Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 14 (2): 215-268.
• [7] Tina BÖGEL, Miriam BUTT, Ronald M. KAPLAN, Tracy Holloway KING, and John T. MAXWELL, III (2009), Prosodic phonology in LFG: A new proposal, in Miriam BUTT and Tracy Holloway KING, editors, Proceedings of the LFG09 Conference, pp. 146-166, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
• [8] Joan BRESNAN (1982), Control and complementation, Linguistic Inquiry, 13 (3): 343-434, reprinted in Joan Bresnan (ed.), The mental representation of grammatical relations, MIT Press, pp. 282-390.
• [9] Joan BRESNAN (1995), Linear order, syntactic rank, and empty categories: On weak crossover, in Mary DALRYMPLE, Ronald M. KAPLAN, John T. MAXWELL, III, and Annie ZAENEN, editors, Formal issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar, pp. 241-274, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
• [10] Joan BRESNAN (1998), Morphology competes with syntax: Explaining typological variation in weak crossover effects, in Pilar BARBOSA, D. FOX, P. HAGSTROM, M. MCGINNIS, and D. PESETSKY, editors, Is the best good enough? Proceedings from the Workshop on Optimality in Syntax, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
• [11] Joan BRESNAN (2001), Lexical-functional syntax, Blackwell, Oxford.
• [12] Joan BRESNAN, Ash ASUDEH, Ida TOIVONEN, and Stephen WECHSLER (2016), Lexical-functional syntax, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, second edition. First edition by Joan Bresnan, 2001, Blackwell.
• [13] Andrew CARNIE (2000), On the definition of X0 and XP, Syntax, 3 (2): 59-106.
• [14] Andrew CARNIE (2010), Constituent structure, Oxford University Press, Oxford, second edition.
• [15] Noam CHOMSKY (1957), Syntactic structures, Mouton, The Hague.
• [16] Noam CHOMSKY (1970), Remarks on nominalization, in Roderick A. JACOBS and Peter S. ROSENBAUM, editors, Readings in English transformational grammar, pp. 184-221, Ginn, Waltham, MA, also in: Chomsky, Noam (1972), Studies on semantics in generative grammar, The Hague: Mouton, pp. 11-61.
• [17] Noam CHOMSKY (1995), Bare phrase structure, in Héctor CAMPOS and Paula KEMPCHINSKY, editors, Evolution and revolution in linguistic theory, pp. 51-109, Georgetown University Press, Washington, D.C.
• [18] Noam CHOMSKY (2001), Beyond explanatory adequacy (MIT Occasional Papers in Linguistics 20), Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, MIT, Cambridge, MA.
• [19] Chris COLLINS (2002), Eliminating labels, in Samuel EPSTEIN and David SEELY, editors, Derivation and explanation in the Minimalist Program, pp. 42-64, Blackwell, Malden, MA.
• [20] Chris COLLINS and Edward STABLER (2016), A formalization of Minimalist syntax, Syntax, 19 (1): 43-78.
• [21] Dick CROUCH, Mary DALRYMPLE, Ronald M. KAPLAN, Tracy Holloway KING, John T. MAXWELL, III, and Paula NEWMAN (2011), XLE Documentation, Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA, http://www2.parc.com/isl/groups/nltt/xle/doc/xle_toc.html.
• [22] Mary DALRYMPLE (2001), Lexical functional grammar, Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
• [23] Mary DALRYMPLE (2017), Unlike phrase structure category coordination, in Victoria ROSÉN and Koenraad DE SMEDT, editors, The very model of a modern linguist: in honor of Helge Dyvik (Bergen Language and Linguistics Studies (BeLLS), volume 8), pp. 33-55, University of Bergen, Bergen.
• [24] Mary DALRYMPLE and Ronald M. KAPLAN (2000), Feature indeterminacy and feature resolution, Language, 76 (4): 759-798.
• [25] Mary DALRYMPLE, Ronald M. KAPLAN, and Tracy Holloway KING (2001), Weak crossover and the absence of traces, in Miriam BUTT and Tracy Holloway KING, editors, Proceedings of the LFG01 Conference, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
• [26] Mary DALRYMPLE, Ronald M. KAPLAN, and Tracy Holloway KING (2004), Linguistic generalizations over descriptions, in Miriam BUTT and Tracy Holloway KING, editors, Proceedings of the LFG04 Conference, pp. 199-208, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
• [27] Mary DALRYMPLE, Ronald M. KAPLAN, and Tracy Holloway KING (2007), The absence of traces: evidence from weak crossover, in Annie ZAENEN, Jane SIMPSON, Tracy Holloway KING, Jane GRIMSHAW, Joan MALING, and Christopher MANNING, editors, Architectures, rules, and preferences: Variations on themes by Joan W. Bresnan, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
• [28] Mary DALRYMPLE, Ronald M. KAPLAN, and Tracy Holloway KING (2015), Economy of expression as a principle of syntax, Journal of Language Modelling, 3 (2): 377-412.
• [29] Mary DALRYMPLE and Tracy Holloway KING (2013), Nested and crossem dependencies and the existence of traces, in Tracy Holloway KING and Valeria DE PAIVA, editors, From quirky case to representing space: papers in honor of Annie Zaenen, pp. 139-151, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
• [30] Mary DALRYMPLE, John J. LOWE, and Louise MYCOCK (2019), The Oxford reference guide to Lexical Functional Grammar, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
• [31] Mary DALRYMPLE and Louise MYCOCK (2011), The Prosody-semantics interface, in Miriam BUTT and Tracy Holloway KING, editors, Proceedings of the LFG11 Conference, pp. 173-193, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
• [32] Mary DALRYMPLE and Irina NIKOLAEVA (2011), Objects and information structure, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• [33] Lachlan DUNCAN (2007), Analytic noun incorporation in Chuj and K’ichee’ Mayan, in Miriam BUTT and Tracy Holloway KING, editors, Proceedings of the LFG07 Conference, pp. 163-183, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
• [34] Yehuda N. FALK (2001), Lexical-functional grammar: An introduction to parallel constraint-based syntax, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
• [35] Naoki FUKUI (1986), A theory of category projection and its applications, Ph.D. thesis, MIT.
• [36] Hans-Martin GÄRTNER (2002), Generalized transformations and beyond: Reflections on minimalist syntax, de Gruyter, Berlin.
• [37] Gianluca GIORGOLO and Ash ASUDEH (2011), Multimodal communication in LFG: Gestures and the correspondence architecture, in Miriam BUTT and Tracy Holloway KING, editors, Proceedings of the LFG11 Conference, pp. 257-277, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
• [38] Jane GRIMSHAW (1991), Extended projections, MS, Brandeis University.
• [39] Norbert HORNSTEIN and Jairo NUNES (2008), Adjunction, labeling and bare phrase structure, Biolinguistics, 2 (1): 57-86.
• [40] Ray JACKENDOFF (1977), X̄ syntax: A study of phrase structure, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
• [41] K. A. JAYASEELAN (2008), Bare phrase structure and specifier-less syntax, Biolinguistics, 2 (1): 87-106.
• [42] Ronald M. KAPLAN (1989), The formal architecture of lexical-functional grammar, in Chu-Ren HUANG and Keh-Jiann CHEN, editors, ROCLING II: Proceedings of the computational linguistics conference, pp. 3-18, The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (ACLCLP), Tapei, also published in Journal of Information Science and Engineering 5 (1989), pp. 305-322, and in Formal issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar, ed. Mary Dalrymple, Ronald M. Kaplan, John T. Maxwell III and Annie Zaenen, CSLI Publications, 1995, pp. 7-27.
• [43] Ronald M. KAPLAN and Joan BRESNAN (1982), Lexical-functional grammar: A formal system for grammatical representation, in Joan BRESNAN, editor, The mental representation of grammatical relations, pp. 173-281, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
• [44] Ronald M. KAPLAN and Annie ZAENEN (1989), Long-distance dependencies, constituent structure, and functional uncertainty, in Mark R. BALTIN and Anthony S. KROCH, editors, Alternative conceptions of phrase structure, pp. 17-42, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
• [45] Richard S. KAYNE (1994), The antisymmetry of syntax, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
• [46] Tracy Holloway KING (1995), Configuring topic and focus in Russian, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
• [47] Tracy Holloway KING and Mary DALRYMPLE (2004), Determiner agreement and noun conjunction, Journal of Linguistics, 40: 69-104.
• [48] András KORNAI and Geoffrey K. PULLUM (1990), The X-bar theory of phrase structure, Language, 66: 24-50.
• [49] Paul KROEGER (1993), Phrase structure and grammatical relations in Tagalog, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
• [50] Joseph LOVESTRAND (2018), Serial verb constructions in Barayin: Typology, description and Lexical-Functional Grammar, Ph.D. thesis, University of Oxford.
• [51] Joseph LOVESTRAND and John J. LOWE (2017), Minimal c-structure: Rethinking projection in phrase structure, in Miriam BUTT and Tracy Holloway KING, editors, Proceedings of the LFG17 Conference, pp. 285-305, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
• [52] Jean-Philippe MARCOTTE (2014), Syntactic categories in the correspondence architecture, in Miriam BUTT and Tracy Holloway KING, editors, Proceedings of the LFG14 Conference, pp. 408-428, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
• [53] John T. MAXWELL, III and Ronald M. KAPLAN (1996), Unification-based parsers that automatically take advantage of context freeness, in Miriam BUTT and Tracy Holloway KING, editors, Proceedings of the LFG96 Conference, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
• [54] Pieter MUYSKEN (1982), Parametrizing the notion “head”, Journal of Linguistic Research, 2 (3): 57-75.
• [55] Louise MYCOCK and John J. LOWE (2013), The Prosodic marking of discourse functions, in Miriam BUTT and Tracy Holloway KING, editors, Proceedings of the LFG13 Conference, pp. 440-460, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
• [56] Prerna NADATHUR (2013), Weak crossover and the direct association hypothesis, in Miriam BUTT and Tracy Holloway KING, editors, Proceedings of the LFG13 Conference, pp. 461-481, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
• [57] Rachel NORDLINGER (1998), A grammar of Wambaya, Northern Australia, Pacific Linguistics, Canberra.
• [58] John PAYNE, Rodney HUDDLESTON, and Geoffrey K. PULLUM (2010), The distribution and category status of adjectives and adverbs, Word Structure, 3 (1): 31-81.
• [59] Carl POLLARD and Ivan A. SAG (1994), Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
• [60] William J. POSER (1992), Blocking of phrasal constructions by lexical items, in Ivan A. SAG and Anna SZABOLCSI, editors, Lexical matters, pp. 111-130, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
• [61] Michael PUTNAM and Thomas STROIK (2009), Traveling without moving: the conceptual necessity of Survive-minimalism, in Michael PUTNAM, editor, Towards a derivational syntax: Survive-minimalism, pp. 3-20, Benjamins, Amsterdam.
• [62] Michael PUTNAM and Thomas STROIK (2010), Syntactic relations in Survive-minimalism, in Michael PUTNAM, editor, Exploring crash-proof grammars, pp. 143-166, Benjamins, Amsterdam.
• [63] Louisa SADLER (1997), Clitics and the structure-function mapping, in Miriam BUTT and Tracy Holloway KING, editors, Proceedings of the LFG97 Conference, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
• [64] Louisa SADLER and Doug ARNOLD (1994), Prenominal adjectives and the phrasal/lexical distinction, Journal of Linguistics, 30: 187-226.
• [65] Liselotte SNIJDERS (2012), Issues concerning constraints on discontinuous NPs in Latin, in Miriam BUTT and Tracy Holloway KING, editors, Proceedings of the LFG12 Conference, pp. 565-581, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
• [66] M. SPEAS (1986), Phrase structure in natural language, Ph.D. thesis, MIT.
• [67] Andrew SPENCER (2005), Case in Hindi, in Miriam BUTT and Tracy Holloway KING, editors, Proceedings of the LFG05 Conference, pp. 429-446, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
• [68] Edward STABLER (1997), Derivational minimalism, in C. RETORÉ, editor, Logical aspects of computational linguistics, pp. 68-95, Springer, New York.
• [69] Timothy Angus STOWELL (1981), Origins of phrase structure, Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
• [70] Ida TOIVONEN (2003), Non-projecting words: A case study of Swedish verbal particles, Kluwer, Dordrecht.
• [71] Lisa deMena TRAVIS (1984), Parameters and effects of word order variation, Ph.D. thesis, MIT.
• [72] Stephen WECHSLER and Larisa ZLATIĆ (2003), The many faces of agreement, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.