Możliwości wykorzystania biosurfaktantów w procesach remediacji środowiska gruntowo-wodnego

Kołwzan, B.

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Tytuł artykułu

Możliwości wykorzystania biosurfaktantów w procesach remediacji środowiska gruntowo-wodnego

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Kołwzan B.

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Warianty tytułu

Biosurfactant applications in water and soil remediation processes

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Wytwarzanie biosurfaktantów przez mikroorganizmy związane jest głównie z mechanizmem pobierania hydrofobowych substratów pokarmowych. Wykazano, że biosurfaktanty mogą z dużym powodzeniem zastępować syntetyczne środki powierzchniowo czynne nie tylko w różnych gałęziach przemysłu, medycynie i rolnictwie, ale także w dziedzinie ochrony środowiska. Podstawowe kierunki ich wykorzystania w ochronie środowiska to bioremediacja oraz procesy związane z ekstrakcją zanieczyszczeń na drodze tzw. płukania gruntu. Efektem ich działania jest wzrost rozpuszczalności węglowodorów wchodzących w skład produktów naftowych, co umożliwia ich wykorzystanie w charakterze substratu pokarmowego przez mikroorganizmy. Biosurfaktanty okazały się także przydatne w procesach usuwania z gruntu fazy gęstych niewodnych cieczy (DNAPL) na drodze przemywania. Możliwe jest także wykorzystanie biosurfaktantów anionowych do tzw. mycia gruntów skażonych pierwiastkami śladowymi. Skuteczność oczyszczania skażonych gruntów z użyciem biosurfaktantów zależy od wielu czynników biologicznych oraz fizyczno-chemicznych, związanych np. z rodzajem, stężeniem i wiekiem danego zanieczyszczenia, heterogenicznością gruntu oraz stężeniem i rodzajem zastosowanego biosurfaktantu. Z uwagi na ilość zużywanego w tych procesach związku powierzchniowo czynnego konieczne jest dalsze obniżenie kosztów produkcji biosurfaktantów.

Biosurfactant production is mainly related to hydrophobic nutrient uptake by microorganisms. It was demonstrated that biosurfactants might successfully substitute for synthetic surface-active agents not only in different branches of industry, medicine and agriculture but also in the environmental field. Bioremediation and processes related to extraction of contaminants via so called soil flushing are their principal applications in the environmental protection. Biosurfactants increase the mineral oil hydrocarbon solubility, allowing for their use as nutrients by microorganisms. Biosurfactants are also useful in processes of dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) removal from soil by means of soil flushing. Moreover, anionic biosurfactants may also be used for so called washing of soils contaminated with trace metals. Efficacy of the contaminated soil remediation with biosurfactants depends on many biological and physico-chemical factors, related to e.g. the contamination type, concentration and its age, soil heterogeneity as well as type and concentration of the biosurfactant used. Due to the amounts of surface-active agent used it is necessary to further reduce the costs of biosurfactant production.

Słowa kluczowe

mikroorganizm hydrofobowe związki organiczne metale bioremediacja przemywanie gruntu

microorganism hydrophobic organic compounds metals bioremediation soil washing soil flushing

Wydawca

Polskie Zrzeszenie Inżynierów i Techników Sanitarnych, Oddział Dolnośląski

Czasopismo

Ochrona Środowiska

Rocznik

2014

Tom

Vol. 36, nr 3

Strony

3--18

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 121 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Kołwzan B.

barbara.kolwzan@gmail.com

Polskie Zrzeszenie Inżynierów i Techników Sanitarnych, Oddział Dolnośląski, ul. J. Piłsudskiego 74, 50-020 Wrocław

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