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Measurement of chemical and geometrical surface changes in a wear track by a confocal height sensor and confocal Raman spectroscopy

Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma
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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Geometrical and chemical changes in the wear track can cause a drift in friction level. In this paper, chemical and geometrical surface changes in wear tracks are analyzed. For this, a setup with a confocal height sensor was developed to measure the local height changes on the wear track, combined with confocal Raman spectroscopy to determine the chemical changes at the surfaces. Pin-on-disc experiments were performed at room temperature and at elevated temperature (600 °C) to understand the material behavior between mild and severe wear regimes. The wear tracks developing between the two ceramics, alumina (Al2O3) and zirconia (Y-TZP), were analyzed using these techniques. The results of confocal height sensor showed significantly more geometrical changes in surface roughness at 600 C compared to the test conducted at room temperature. The developed roughness in the wear track was approximately 250 times larger at 600 °C due to the higher degradation of the mechanical properties of ceramic. Further, material transfer was observed for the test conducted at 600°C using Raman Spectroscopy. Material transfer at room temperature is difficult to observe because surface changes are less evident in mild wear regimes. The results show that the changes in the micro-geometry of the surface and the chemical compositions of the surface influence the friction level and wear processes. The confocal height sensor and Raman Spectroscopy were used to measure and understand the geometrical and chemical changes occurring on the surface of a wear track during sliding in a single setup.
Rocznik
Strony
1--5
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 27 poz., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
  • Laboratory for SurfaceTechnology and Tribology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
autor
  • Laboratory for SurfaceTechnology and Tribology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
  • Laboratory for SurfaceTechnology and Tribology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
  • Laboratory for SurfaceTechnology and Tribology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
Bibliografia
  • [1] H. Czichos, A Systems Approach to the Science and Technology of Friction, Lubrication and Wear, Tribology Series 1, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam, Oxford, New York, 1978.
  • [2] T.A. Stolarski, Tribology in Machine Design, Butterworth- Heinemann, Oxford, Great Britain, 2000.
  • [3] P. Boch, J.C. Niepce, Ceramic Materials. Processes, Properties and Applications, ISTE, London, 2007.
  • [4] J. Bohm, M. Jech, M. Vellekoop, Analysis of NM-scale scratches on high-gloss tribological surfaces by using an angle-resolved light scattering method, Tribological Letters 37 (2010) 209–214.
  • [5] W. Schrof, J. Klingler, W. Heckmann, D. Horn, Confocal fluorescence and Raman microscopy in industrial research, Colloid & Polymer Science 276 (7) (1998) 577–588.
  • [6] D.A. Lange, H.M. Jennings, S.P. Shah, Analysis of surface roughness using confocal microscopy, Journal of Materials Science 28 (1993) 3879–3884.
  • [7] A.K. Ruprecht, K. Körner, T.F. Weisendanger, H.J. Tiziani, W. Osten, Chromatic confocal detection for high speed micro-topography measurements, Proceedings of the SPIE-IS & T Electronic Imaging, SPIE 5302 (2004) 53–60.
  • [8] K. Miyake, M. Nakano, A. Korenaga, H. Mano, Y. Ando, Tribological properties of nanostripe surface structures a design concept for improving tribological properties, Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics 43 (465302) (2010) 1–14.
  • [9] S.W. Paddock, Confocal Microscopy. Methods and Protocols, Humana Press, New Jersey, 1999.
  • [10] M. Valefi, M.B. de Rooij, D.J. Schipper, A.J.A. Winnubst, High- temperature tribological and self-lubricating behaviorof copper oxide-doped Y-TZP composite sliding against alumina, Journal of the American Ceramics Society 94 (12) (2011) 4426–4434.
  • [11] J.C. Vickerman, I.S. Gilmore, Surface Analysis.The Principal Techniques, John Wiley & Sons, United Kingdom, 2009.
  • [12] S.D. Ruchita, Y.K. Agrawal, Raman spectroscopy: recent advancements, technique Sand applications, Vibrational Spectroscopy 57(2011) 163–176.
  • [13] N.J. Everall, Modeling and measuring the effect of refraction on the depth resolution of confocal Raman microscopy, Applied Spectroscopy 54 (6) (2000) 773–782.
  • [14] E. Smith, G.Dent, Modern Raman Spectroscopy. Apractical Approach, John Wiley & Sons, England, 2005.
  • [15] J.C Durand, B. Jacquot, H. Salehi, M. Fages, J. Margerit, F.J.G. Cuisinier, Confocal Raman microscopic analysis of the zirconia/feldspathic ceramic interface, Dental Materials 28 (2012) 661–671.
  • [16] B.K. Kim, H.O. Hamaguchi, Mode assignments of the Raman spectrum of monoclinic zirconia by isotopic exchange technique, Physica Status Solidi B 203 (1997) 557–563.
  • [17] K. Witke, W. Österle, A. Skopp, M. Woydt, Raman microprobe spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy of thermal sprayed ZrO2 coatings before and after rub testing of outer air seals, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy (2001) 1008–1014.
  • [18] T. Assih, A. Ayral, M. Abenoza, J. Phalippou, Raman study of alumina gels, Journal of Materials Science 23 (1988) 3326–3331.
  • [19] S. Cava, S.M. Tebcherani, I.A. Souza, S.A. Pianaro, C.A. Paskocimas, E. Longo, J.A. Varela, Structural characterization of phase transition of Al2O3 nanopowders obtained by polymeric precursor method, Materials Chemistry and Physics 103 (2007) 394–399.
  • [20] K. Adachi, K. Kato, N. Chen, Wearmap of ceramics, Wear 203–204 (1997) 291–301.
  • [21] H. Metselaar, Thermally induced wear transition in ceramics, University of Twente, Enschede, 2001 Ph. D. Thesis.
  • [22] H.R. Pasaribu, Friction and wear of zirconia and alumina ceramics doped with CuO, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Twente, 2005.
  • [23] M. Valefi, B. Pathiraj, M.B. de Rooij, E. de Vries, D.J. Schipper, Influence of counter surface materials on dry sliding performance of CuO/Y-TZP compositeat 600 °C, Journal of the European Ceramic Society 32 (2012) 4137-4147.
  • [24] H.L. Wang, M.H. Hon, Temperature dependence of ceramic hardness, Ceramics International 25 (1999) 267–271.
  • [25] P. Andersson, K. Holmberg, Limitations on the use of ceramics in unlubricated sliding applications duet o transfer layer formation, Wear 175 (1994) 1–8.
  • [26] K.-H. Zum Gahr, W. Bundschuh, B. Zimmerlin, Effect of grain size on friction and sliding wear of oxide ceramics, Wear 162–164 (1993) 269–279.
  • [27] A. Tucci, L. Esposito, Second phases and material transfer in alumina ceramics sliding systems, Wear 245 (2000) 76–83.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-eab403d4-4715-4fe1-940e-86368adeb4fd
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