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Abstrakty
Cognitive biases influence every human being, including the individuals that take part in the software development process. Fixation is a cognitive bias that occurs when one focuses too much on certain items, events, obstacles or activities. In this study, we examine whether agile team members fixate on any particular agile practices. Through a set of semi-structured interviews, we investigated the source of these fixations, their consequences, and then propose possible countermeasures. We found that practitioners tend to fixate on practices that give them a sense of being in control over the project (such as meetings or Scrum events), while neglecting the Agile Principles of self-organising teams and working at a sustainable pace. This resulted in a series of problems, such as futile attempts to control team members, oversharing information with the client, meetings becoming a form of interrogation, and others.
Słowa kluczowe
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
3--18
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 27 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Control and Computation Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
autor
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Control and Computation Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
autor
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Control and Computation Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
autor
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Control and Computation Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
Bibliografia
- [1] Babb J. S., Nørbjerg J., Yates D., and Waguespack L. J. The Empire Strikes Back: The end of Agile as we know it? Selected Papers of the IRIS, 8(44-59): 17, 2017.
- [2] Beck K., Beedle M., van Bennekum A., Cockburn A., Cunningham W., Fowler M., Grenning J., Highsmith J., Hunt A., Jeffries R., Kern J., Marick B., Martin R. C., Mellor S., Schwaber K., Sutherland J., and Thomas D. Manifesto for Agile Software Development. https://agilemanifesto.org/, 2001. Accessed 2021-07-05.
- [3] Beck K., Beedle M., van Bennekum A., Cockburn A., Cunningham W., Fowler M., Grenning J., Highsmith J., Hunt A., Jeffries R., Kern J., Marick B., Martin R. C., Mellor S., Schwaber K., Sutherland J., and Thomas D. Principles behind the Agile Manifesto. https://agilemanifesto.org/principles.html, 2001. Accessed 2021-07-05.
- [4] Çalikli G. and Bener A. B. Influence of confirmation biases of developers on software quality: An empirical study. Software Quality Journal, 21(2): 377-416, 2013.
- [5] Campanelli A. S. and Parreiras F. S. Agile methods tailoring - A systematic literature review. Journal of Systems and Software, 110: 85-100, 2015.
- [6] Chattopadhyay S., Nelson N., Au A., Morales N., Sanchez C., Pandita R., and Sarma A. A Tale from the Trenches: Cognitive Biases and Software Development. In International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), pages 654-665, 2020.
- [7] Garrison D. R., Cleveland-Innes M., Koole M., and Kappelman J. Revisiting methodological issues in transcript analysis: Negotiated coding and reliability. Internet and Higher Education, 9(1): 1-8, 2006.
- [8] Gregory P., Barroca L., Sharp H., Deshpande A., and Taylor K. The challenges that challenge: Engaging with agile practitioners’ concerns. Information and Software Technology, 77: 92-104, 2016.
- [9] Halkjelsvik T. and Jørgensen M. Time Predictions: Understanding and Avoiding Unrealism in Project Planning and Everyday Life. Springer Nature, 2018.
- [10] Hoda R., Salleh N., Grundy J., and Tee H. M. Systematic literature reviews in agile software development: A tertiary study. Information and software technology, 85: 60-70, 2017.
- [11] Jain R., Muro J., and Mohan K. A cognitive perspective on pair programming. In AMCIS 2006 Proceedings, 2006.
- [12] Kahneman D. Thinking, fast and slow. Macmillan, 2011.
- [13] Kiv S., Heng S., Kolp M., and Wautelet Y. Agile manifesto and practices selection for tailoring software development: A systematic literature review. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, volume 11271, pages 12-30, 2018.
- [14] Kruchten P. Voyage in the agile memeplex. Queue, 5(5): 38-44, 2007.
- [15] Mohanani R., Ralph P., and Shreeve B. Requirements fixation. International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), pages 895-906, 2014.
- [16] Mohanani R., Salman I., Turhan B., Rodriguez P., and Ralph P. Cognitive Biases in Software Engineering: A Systematic Mapping Study. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 5589(c), 2018.
- [17] Ralph P. Toward a theory of debiasing software development. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 93: 92-105, 2011.
- [18] Ramin F. The Role of Egocentric Bias. In 2020 IEEE/ACM 42nd Inter-national Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceedings (ICSE-Companion), pages 122-124, 2020.
- [19] Runeson P., Höst M., Rainer A., and Regnell B. Case Study Research in Software Engineering: Guidelines and Examples. 2012.
- [20] Saldaña J. The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Sage Publications, 2021.
- [21] Schwaber K. and Sutherland J. The scrum guide. https://scrumguides.org/docs/scrumguide/v2020/2020-Scrum-Guide-US.pdf, 2020. Accessed 2021-07-02.
- [22] Shepperd M., Mair C., and Jørgensen M. An Experimental Evaluation of a Debiasing Intervention for Professional Software Developers. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, pages 1510 - 1517, 2018.
- [23] Stacy W. and Macmillan J. Cognitive Bias in Software Engineering. Communications of the ACM, 38(6): 57-63, 1995.
- [24] Tang A. Software designers, are you biased? In Proceedings of the 6th international workshop on sharing and reusing architectural knowledge, 2011.
- [25] Van Waardenburg G. and Van Vliet H. When agile meets the enterprise. Information and Software Technology, 55: 2154-2171, 2013.
- [26] Zalewski A., Borowa K., and Kowalski D. On cognitive biases in requirements elicitation. In Integrating Research and Practice in Software Engineering, pages 111-123. Springer, 2020.
- [27] Zalewski A., Borowa K., and Ratkowski A. On cognitive biases in architecture decision making. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), volume 10475, pages 123-137, 2017.
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-75dad8ed-d35a-42d7-a167-e03ce41c6a61