The development of the European Union counter-terrorism framework

• Autorzy: Stehlíková Ivica

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5604/23008741.1191892

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Despite long experience with terrorism, homegrown and exogenous, Europe has only recently developed a comprehensive legal and institutional framework for counterterrorism. The first truly supranational European counter-terrorism (CT) legal measures were developed after 1992, with the ratification of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), now commonly called the Maastricht Treaty. With Anti-Terrorism Collaboration" now a part of the so-called third pillar of the treaty, terrorism became a joint EU security issue, rather than a domestic problem for the respective member states. The Ell's role in the fight against terrorism is quite limited because the primary responsibility in the fight against terrorism lies with the individual member states. This article deals with the adoption and development of EU antiterrorist measures dating from the U.S terrorist attacks on 9/11 through the Madrid attacks,seen as an accelarator for the EU antiterrorist policy until the London attacks as a final trigger of the EU policy. During this period all main strategies and legal instruments in the fight against terrorism were developed, some of them still waiting for their implementation.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

EU policy; fight against terrorism; U.S terrorist attacks; Madrid terrorist attacks; London terrorist attacks; measures; strategy; implementation

• Wydawca: Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
• Czasopismo: Security and Defence Quarterly
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: Vol. 1, No. 2
• Strony: 38--57
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 28 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Stehlíková Ivica

• Defence Policy Section, Ministry of the Defence of the Slovak Republic

Bibliografia

• 1. Devoic, B: The Post-9/11 European Union Counterterrorism response: Legal-institutional framework, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, 2012
• 2. Wilkinson, P: International Terrorism: The Changing Threat and the EU's Response, Chaillot Paper No. 84 (Paris, France: EU Institute for Security Studies, October 2005).
• 3. Europa: Summaries of EU legislation, "Building Europe through the treaties,"available at:http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/institutional_affairs/treaties/treaties_ maastricht en.htm.
• 4. European Parliament, "The Maastricht and Amsterdam Treaties; available at:http://www. europarl.europa.eu/ftu/pdf/en/FTU_1.1.3.pdf.
• 5. Grajny, M.: "The European Union counterterrorism policy before and after the 9/11 attacks: to what extent does the European Union have an integrated policy towards terrorism?", 2009
• 6. Council of the European Union, "Conclusions and Plan of Action of the Extraordinary European Council Meeting on 21 September 2001".
• 7. Council of the European Union, "Conclusions and Plan of Action of the ExtraordinaryEuropean Council Meeting on 21 September 2001"; Council of the European Union, "Extraordinary Council meeting, Justice, Home Affairs and Civil Protection, Brussels, 20 September 2001;
• 8. Council of the. European Union, "Declaration by the Heads of State or Government of the European Union and the President of the Commission: Follow-up to the September 11 Attacks and the Fight against Terrorism;
• 9. Council of the European Union, "Council Common Position of 27 December 2001 on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism (2001/931/CFSP), Official Journal of the European Communities L344 (December 28, 2001): 93-96,
• 10. Council of the European Union, Council Framework Decision of 13 June 2002 on combating terrorism (Luxembourg: Council of the European Union, 2002), available at:http: //eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2002:164:0003:0003: EN:PDF
• 11. Council of the European Union, Council Framework Decision of 13 June 2002 Council of the European Union, European Security Strategy: A Secure Europe in a Better World (Brussels, Belgium: Council of the European Union, 2009), available at:http://www. consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cros_data/librairie/PDF/QC7809568ENC.pdf.
• 12. Council of the European Union, European Security Strategy: A Secure Europe in a Better World (Brussels, Belgium: Council of the European Union, 2009), available at:http:// www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cros_data/librairie/PDF/QC7809568ENC. pdf.
• 13. Reinares, F: "The Madrid Bombings and Global Jihadism, Survival: Global Politics and Strategy str. 52, dostupne na:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00396331003764629.
• 14. European Commission, "European Commission action paper in response to the terrorist attacks on Madrid:" Europa Press Releases RAPID, March 18, 2004.
• 15. Council of the European Union, Declaration on Combating Terrorism March 25, 2004 (Brussels, Belgium: Council of the European Union, 2004.
• 16. Council of the European Union, Declaration on Combating Terrorism March 25, 2004.Europa Summaries of EU Legislation, "Fight Against Terrorism: Prevention, Preparedness and Response;:
• 17. Council of the European Union, "Brussels European Council 4/5 November 2004, Presidency Conclusions;" (Brussels, Belgium: Council of the European Union, December 8, 2004).
• 18. Council of the European Union, "Conceptual Framework on the ESDP dimension of the fight against terrorism;" (Brussels, Belgium: Council of the European Union, November 22, 2004.
• 19. Council of the European Union, "Press Release: Extraordinary Council meeting Justice and Home Affairs, Brussels, 13 July 2005;' (Brussels, Belgium: Council of the European Union, July 13, 2005).
• 20. Council of the European Union, "Press Release: Extraordinary Council meeting Justice and Home Affairs, Brussels, 13 July 2005:'
• 21. Council of the European Union, The European Union Counter-Terrorism Strategy.
• 22. EU Counterterrorism Coordinator, "Implementation of the Strategy and Action Plan to Combat Terrorism:" (Brussels, Belgium: EU Counterterrorism Coordinator, Document 9416/1/08 Rev 1, May 26.
• 23. EU Council, EU Counter-Terrorism Strategy, 2005
• 24. EU Council, Strategy of the European Union for combating radicalisation and recruitment, 2005
• 25. EU Council, EU Internal Security Strategy: Toward the European Security Model, 2010
• 26. Szabo, S., Linek, M.: Interconnection of Constructive Simulation With Command and Control System. In.: Distance Learning, Simulation and Communication 2013, Brno Czech Republic, May 2013, ISBN 978-80-7231-919-0. pp 172-178
• 27. Necas P., Kelemen, M., Jurcak, V.: The challenges of NATO-UN interoperability to better fight against terrorism In: Defence against terrorism review - DATR. - ISSN 1307¬9190. - Vol. 3, No. 1 (2010), p. 89-96.
• 28. Khalmyradov, B., Necas, P.: General aspects of female terrorism In: Bezpećnostne fórum 2012 : zbornik prispevkov z V. medzinąrodnej vedeckej konferencie v Banskej Bystrici 8.-9. februąra 2012: 1. zväzok. - Banską Bystrica : Fakulta politickych vied a medzinąrodnych vzfahov Univerzita Mateja Bela, 2012. - ISBN 978-80-557-0331-2. - pp. 118-123.