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In aquatic ecosystems, a great concern was has been increased about contaminants by microplastics (MPs). Only a small number of researches on contamination of MP in drinking water have been released up until now. In this research, tap drinking water collected in different places in a densely populated region in Al-Hilla city: Al-Bakarly area, Al-Khusrawiya and Al-Tayyara area was analyzed. The collected water samples were tested using different techniques, including Fourier infrared spectrometer (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Micro Raman spectrometer (MRS). Results showed the presence of microplastic particles with that size smaller than 5 mm, as the diameter of the drinking water ranged between (0.5–4.8) nm. The means of Fourier infrared spectrometer (FTIR) was used to analyze component of all found particles chemically. The main components of the tested samples are metal oxides, Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC), polyamides polymer like Nylon6, 6 and skeletal of cellulose. In addition, Micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS) results indicated a variation in polyethylene (PE), and it was between (121.404–4391.729) cm-1 for collected samples.
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Bibliogr. 23 poz., rys.
Twórcy
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- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
autor
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
Bibliografia
- 1. Andrady, A.L. 2011. Microplastics in the marine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62, 1596-1605.
- 2. Bergmann, M., Gutow, L., Klages, M. 2015. Marine anthropogenic litter, Springer.
- 3. Deng, Y., Zhang, Y., Lemos, B., Ren, H. 2017. Tissue accumulation of microplastics in mice and biomarker responses suggest widespread health risks of exposure. Scientific Reports, 7, 46687.
- 4. Diepens, N.J., Koelmans, A.A. 2018. Accumulation of plastic debris and associated contaminants in aquatic food webs. Environ Sci Technol, 52, 8510–8520.
- 5. Eerkes-Medrano, D., Thompson, R. 2018. Microplastic Contamination in Aquatic Environments. Zeng, E.Y. (ed), Elsevier, 95–132.
- 6. EFSA. 2016. European Food Safety Authority - Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain – Statement on the presence of microplastics and nanoplastics in food, with particular focus on seafood. EFSA Journal, 14(6), 4501(6), 30.
- 7. Gasperi, J., Wright, S.L., Dris, R., Collard, F., Mandin, C., Guerrouache, M., Langlois, V., Kelly, F.J. and Tassin, B. 2018. Microplastics in air: Are we breathing it in? Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health 1, 1–5.
- 8. GESAMP. 2016. Sources, fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment: part two of a global assessment (Kershaw, P.J., and Rochman, C.M., eds). (IMO/FAO/UNESCOIOC/UNIDO/WMO/IAEA/UN/ UNEP/UNDP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection). Rep. Stud. GESAMP 93, 220.
- 9. Koelmans, A.A., Besseling, E., Shim, W.J. 2015. Marine Anthropogenic Litter. Bergmann, M., Gutow, L. and Klages, M. (eds). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 325–340,
- 10. Koelmans, A.A., Besseling, E., Foekema, E., Kooi, M., Mintenig, S., Ossendorp, B.C., Redondo- Hasselerharm, P.E., Verschoor, A., van Wezel, A.P., Scheffer, M. 2017. Risks of plastic debris: unravelling fact, opinion, perception, and belief. Environ Sci Technol, 51(20), 11513–11519.
- 11. Kosuth, M., Mason, S.A., Wattenberg, E.V. 2018. Anthropogenic contamination of tap water, beer, and sea salt. PLoS One 13:e0194970. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194970
- 12. Lusher, A.L., Hollman, P.C.H., Mendoza-Hill, J.J. 2017. Microplastics in fisheries and aquaculture: status of knowledge on their occurrence and implications for aquatic organisms and food safety. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 615. Rome, Italy.
- 13. Mintenig, S.M., Loder, M.G.J., Primpke, S., Gerdts, G. 2019. Low numbers of microplastics detected in drinking water from ground water sources. Sci Total Environ, 648, 631–635. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.178
- 14. Mintenig, S.M., Bauerlein, P.S., Koelmans, A.A., Dekker, S.C., van Wezel, A.P. 2018. Closing the gap between small and smaller: towards a framework to analyse nano- and microplastics in aqueous environmental samples. Environmental Science: Nano, 5, 1640–833, 1649.
- 15. Pivokonsky, M., Cermakova, L., Novotna, K., Peer, P., Cajthaml, T., Janda, V. 2018. Occurrence of microplastics in raw and treated drinking water. Sci Total Environ, 643, 1644–1651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.102
- 16. SAM. 2018a. European Commission’s Group of Chief Scientific Advisors - Discussion with Experts on: Human Health and Environmental Impacts of Micro and Nano Plastic (MNP) Pollution. Is shortterm policy advice based on state-of-the-art scientific knowledge feasible and justified? If so, what should its scope be?
- 17. SAM. 2018b. Initial Statement by the Group of Chief Scientific Advisors - A Scientific Perspective on Microplastic Pollution and its Impacts.
- 18. SAPEA. 2019. Science Advice for Policy by European Academies - A Scientific Perspective on Microplastics in Nature and Society. Berlin: SAPEA.
- 19. Schymanski, D., Goldbeck, C., Humpf, H.-U., Furst, P. 2018. Analysis of microplastics in water by micro-Raman spectroscopy: release of plastic particles from different packaging into mineral water. Water Res, 129, 154–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.011
- 20. Tong, H., Jiang, Q., Hu, X., Zhong, X. 2020. Occurrence and identification of microplastics in tap water from China. Chemosphere, 252, 126493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126493
- 21. WHO and UNICEF. 2017. Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: 2017 Update and SDG Baselines. World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), Geneva.
- 22. Wright, S.L., Kelly, F.J. 2017. Plastic and human health: A micro issue? Environ Sci Technol 51(12), 6634–6647.
- 23. Yang, D.Q., Shi, H.H., Li, L., Li, J.N., Jabeen, K., Kolandhasamy, P. 2015. Microplastic pollution in table salts from China. Environ Sci Technol, 49(22), 13622–13627.
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).
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Bibliografia
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