Continuous or discontinuous? Empirical study on animated maps

• Autorzy: Łucjan K. , Wojtanowicz P.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/pcr-2018-0008

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Advancements in computer technology that have occurred in recent decades have enabled an intensive development in cartographic methods for direct representation of phenomena dynamics. Even with the appearance of ever more advanced technical solutions, the theoretical basis still needs supplementing. The previous cartographic literature emphasises the importance of congruence and isomorphism principles preservation that aims at increasing the effectiveness of dynamic displays. Nevertheless, it is frequently the case that discontinuous phenomena are depicted with the use of smooth transitions. For this reason, it is vital that experimental research should lead to defining which representation methods are appropriate for a given type of content. Our study was focused on the cartographic design of scene transitions in animated maps. Two main conclusions of the research indicate that 1) mode of transition influences the interpretation of the content of cartographic animation depicting discrete changes, 2) maps executed in a smooth mode demonstrate lower effectiveness when compared with animations using an abrupt and abrupt with decay effect transitions.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

animation; perception; discontinuous changes; smooth transition; abrupt transition

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne. Oddział Kartograficzny
• Czasopismo: Polish Cartographical Review
• Rocznik: 2018
• Tom: Vol. 50, No. 3
• Strony: 127--140
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 30 poz., mapy, rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Łucjan K.

• Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Department of Cartography and Geomatics Lublin, Poland

autor

Wojtanowicz P.

• Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Department of Cartography and Geomatics Lublin, Poland

Bibliografia

• Battersby S., Goldsberry K.P., 2010, Considerations in design of transition behaviors for dynamic thematic maps. “Cartographic Perspectives” Vol. 65, pp. 16–32, 67–69.
• Biswas S., 2004, A conceptual design for visualisation of spatio-temporal data using animation with linked graphics. http://www.itc.nl/library/Papers_2004/msc/gfm/biswas.pdf
• Cutler M.E., 1998, The effects of prior knowledge on children’s abilities to read static and animated maps (M.S. thesis), University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.
• Edsall R.M., Kraak M.-J., MacEachren A.M., Peuquet D.J., 2003, Assessing the effectiveness of temporal legends in environmental visualization. In: GIS/LIS ‘97, Cincinnati, Oct. 28–30, pp. 677–685.
• Elektroniczny podręcznik statystyki, StatSoft. http://www.statsoft.pl/textbook/stathome_stat.html?http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statsoft.pl%2Ftextbook%2Fstanman.html
• Fabrikant S.I., Rebich-Hispanha S., Andrienko N., Andrienko G., Montello D.R., 2008. Novel method to measure inference affordance in static smallmultiple map displays representing dynamic pro cesses. “The Cartographic Journal” Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 201–215.
• Fish C., Goldsberry K.P., Battersby S., 2011, Change blindness in animated choropleth maps: An empirical study. “Cartography and Geographic Information Science” Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 350–362.
• Gershon N., 1992, Visualization of fuzzy data using generalized animation. In: Proceedings, Visualization ‘92, Boston, Massachusetts, Oct. 19–23, pp. 268–273.
• Goldsberry K., Battersby S., 2009, Issues of change detection in animated choropleth maps. “Cartographica” Vol. 44, Issue 3, pp. 201–215.
• Harrower M., 2003, Tips for designing effective animated maps. “Cartographic Perspectives” No. 44, pp. 63–65.
• Harrower M., 2007, The cognitive limits of animated maps. “Cartographica” Vol. 42, Issue 4, pp. 349–357.
• Johnson H., Nelson E.S., 1998, Using flow maps to visualize time-series data: Comparing the effectiveness of a paper map series, a computer map series, and animation. “Cartographic Perspectives” No. 30, pp. 47–64.
• Köbben B., Yaman M., 1995, Evaluating dynamic visual variables. In: Proceedings of the seminar on teaching animated cartography. International Cartographic Association, Madrid.
• Koussoulakou A., Kraak M.-J., 1992, Spatio-temporal maps and cartographic communication. “The Cartographic Journal” Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 101–108.
• Kraak M.-J., Ormeling F., 2013, Cartography: Visualization of Spatial Data. Routledge, London and New York.
• Lai P.-C., Yeh A.G.-O., 2004, Assessing the effectiveness of dynamic symbols in cartographic communication. “The Cartographic Journal” Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 229–244.
• Opach T., 2007, Sprawność map animowanych prezentujących dynamikę zjawisk. http://www.wgsr.uw.edu.pl/kartografia/Opach_autoreferat/rysunki/Opach_Tomasz_doktorat.pdf.
• Oxford Dictionaries. https://www.oxforddictionaries.com
• Patton D.K., Cammack R.G., 1996, An examination of the effects of task type and map complexity on sequenced and static choropleth maps. In: Cartographic design: theoretical and practical perspectives, ed. by C.H. Wood and C.P. Keller, Wiley, Chichester, pp. 237–52.
• Rutkowski J., 1984, Przegląd metod i niektóre problemy związane z kartograficzną prezentacją dynamiki zjawisk w geografii. In: Teoretyczne i metodyczne problemy współczesnej kartografii. Lublin, Sept. 11–12, „Materiały Ogólnopolskich Konferencji Kartograficznych” T. 10, pp. 144–152.
• Slocum T.A., Blok C., Jiang B., Koussoulakou A., Montello D.R., Fuhrmann S., Hedley N.R., 2001, Cognitive and usability issues in geovisualization. “Cartography and Geographic Information Science” Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 61–75.
• Slocum T.A., Egbert S.L., 1993, Knowledge acquisition from choropleth maps. “Cartography and Geographic Information Science” Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 83–95.
• Slocum T.A., Robeson S.H., Egbert S.L., 1990, Traditional versus sequenced choropleth maps: an experimental investigation. “Cartographica” Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 67–88.
• Tversky B., Morrison J.B., Bétrancourt M., 2002, Animation: Can it facilitate? 262http://serc.carleton.edu/files/NAGTWorkshops/visualize04/Tversky_2002.pdf#search=%22Animation%3A%20Can%20It%20Facilitate%3F%22
• Wieczorkowska G., Kochański P., Eljaszuk M., 2004, Statystyka. Wprowadzenie do analizy danych sondażowych i eksperymentalnych. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar, Warszawa.
• Internet sources
• http://sydney.edu.au/arts/timemap/examples/map_ animation.shtml
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue= 194&v=caxAAZsL-wQ
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMKos-CcsYY
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zX00OjIwcIM
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66y49BnxLfQ&t=48s