Synthesis and Characterization of Xerogel Derived from Palm Kernel Shell Biochar and Comparison with Commercial Activated Carbon

• Autorzy: Mahdi Hadi Hamdi , Saleh Ali Mohammed , Alias Azil Bahari , Jawad Ali H , Salman Sami D. , Qarizada Deana , Mostafa Mostafa Mahmood , Saleh Noah Mohammed , Abdulqader Mahmod A.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12911/22998993/183719

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Biomass is an inexpensive adsorbent that has attracted considerable interest. The sol-gel process produced xerogel from palm kernel shell biochar (PKSB). This study aimed to synthesize and characterize palm kernel shell biochar xerogel (PKSBX) and compare it with commercial (AC). The synthesized xerogel, raw material, and AC were characterized using different characterization, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The FTIR spectrum analysis showed a wide range of bonds and confirmed the presence of C=C alkenes, amines N-H, and aromatic C-H functional groups. TGA analysis of samples was conducted at 10℃/min. The thermal degradation of the sample undergoes several setups of loss mass. The degrades occurred between 50200℃ first setups, second between 200–700℃, and third setups between 950–1000℃. The surface morphological structure of each sample has been defined and compared using SEM data, which is further confirmed by XRD data. On the basis of on the characterization findings, it can be determined that the xerogel obtained from the synthesis process using PKSB as the raw material exhibits favorable characteristics for its potential usage as an adsorbent.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

xerogel; activated carbon; Palm Kernel shell biochar; sodium alginate

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej ; Lublin University of Technology
• Czasopismo: Journal of Ecological Engineering
• Rocznik: 2024
• Tom: Vol. 25, nr 6
• Strony: 1--11
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 60 poz, rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Mahdi Hadi Hamdi

• School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University Technology MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, 40450, Malaysia

autor

Saleh Ali Mohammed

• School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University Technology MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, 40450, Malaysia
• Renewable Energy Research Unit, Alhawija Institute, Northern Technical University, Iraq

autor

Alias Azil Bahari

• School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University Technology MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, 40450, Malaysia

autor

Jawad Ali H

• Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Technology MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

autor

Salman Sami D.

• Department of Biochemical Engineering, Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Iraq

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7058-7204

autor

Qarizada Deana

• School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University Technology MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, 40450, Malaysia

autor

Mostafa Mostafa Mahmood

• Directorate of Climate Change Ministry of Environment, Iraq

autor

Saleh Noah Mohammed

• Renewable Energy Research Unit, Alhawija Institute, Northern Technical University, Iraq

autor

Abdulqader Mahmod A.

• School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University Technology MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, 40450, Malaysia
• Oil Products Distribution Company, Salahuldeen Branch, Tikrit, Ministry of Oil, Iraq

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