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Real-time mapping: contemporary challenges and the Internet of Things as the way forward

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Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging technology that was conceived in 1999. The key components of the IoT are intelligent sensors, which represent objects of interest. The adjective ‘intelligent’ is used here in the information gathering sense, not the psychological sense. Some 30 billion sensors that ‘know’ the current status of objects they represent are already connected to the Internet. Various studies indicate that the number of installed sensors will reach 212 billion by 2020. Various scenarios of IoT projects show sensors being able to exchange data with the network as well as between themselves. In this contribution, we discuss the possibility of deploying the IoT in cartography for real-time mapping. A real-time map is prepared using data harvested through querying sensors representing geographical objects, and the concept of a virtual sensor for abstract objects, such as a land parcel, is presented. A virtual sensor may exist as a data record in the cloud. Sensors are identified by an Internet Protocol address (IP address), which implies that geographical objects through their sensors would also have an IP address. This contribution is an updated version of a conference paper presented by the author during the International Federation of Surveyors 2014 Congress in Kuala Lumpur. The author hopes that the use of the IoT for real-time mapping will be considered by the mapmaking community.
Rocznik
Strony
129--138
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 17 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
  • Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Geoengineering, Mining and Geology, Na Grobli 15, L-1, Geocentrum, 50-421 Wroclaw, Poland
Bibliografia
  • [1] Ashton, K. (2009). That ‘Internet of Things’ Thing. In the real world, things matter more than ideas. RFID Journal. Retrieved from http://www.rfidjournal.com/articles/view?4986#sthash.3mubMRR0.dpuf.
  • [2] Becek, K. (2014, June). The Internet of Things: Are We at the Fringes of a Paradigm Shift in Geomatics? Paper presented at the meeting of FIG, 16–21 June 2014, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • [3] Carpenter, J. and Snell, J. (2013). Future trends in geospatial information management: the five to ten year vision. Ordnance Survey (at the request of the Secretariat for the United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management). ISBN: 978-0319-08792-3.
  • [4] EU Commision, (2009). The Internet of Things – An Action Plan for Europe (Report COM 278). Brussels: Commission of the European Communities. Retrieved from http://www.internet-of-things-research.eu/pdf/com2009_0278en01.pdf.
  • [5] EU Commision, (2015). MIWP-4: Managing and using http URIs for INSPIRE identifiers. Retrieved from https://ies-svn.jrc.ec.europa.eu/issues/2126.
  • [6] IDC, (2013). The Internet of Things is Poised to Change Everything. Retrieved from http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20131003005687/en/Internet-Poised-Change-IDC#.VP8gW_nF_4t.
  • [7] INSPIRE, (2016a). Implementation of Identifiers using URIs in INSPIRE – Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved from http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/index.cfm/pageid/5120.
  • [8] INSPIRE, (2016b). Managing and using http URIs for INSPIRE identifiers. Retrieved from http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/index.cfm/pageid/5160/list/wp.
  • [9] Intergraph, (2015). New Zealand Police Win the Asia Pacific Spatial Excellence Award for Intergraph’s Real-Time Mapping Solution. Retrieved from http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/newzeal-and-police-win-the-asia-pacific-spatial-excellence-award-for-intergraphs-real-time-mapping-solution-300050592.html.
  • [10] Kindberg, T., Barton, J., Morgan, J., Becker, G., Caswell, D., Debaty, P., Gopal, G., Frid, M., Krishnan, V., Morris, H., Schettino, J., Serra, B. and Spasojevic, M. (2002). People, Places, Things: Web Presence for the Real World. Mobile Networks and Applications 7, pp. 365–376, Online (4 August, 2016): http://impact.asu.edu/cse494fa05/Kindberg02.pdf.
  • [11] Koistinen, K. and Tiainen, E. (2013). Designing URIs for Finnish Geospatial Domain Ontology (PTO). Retrived from: http://www.jhs-suositukset.fi/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=ec61aced-13d5-4bd5-9388-0c6dcbf31131&groupId=14.
  • [12] Kraak, M-J. and Ormeling, F. (2002). Cartography: Visualization of Spatial Data. United Kingdom: Longman Group.
  • [13] Lillington, K. (2015). Big Brother has a big brother: the Internet of Things. Retrieved from http://www.euroscientist.com/big-brother-has-a-big-brother-the-internet-of-things/.
  • [14] Mäkinen, K. (2015). Unique Identifiers for Spatial Data. Position ICC 2015 Special Issue. National Land Survey of Finland.
  • [15] Pickles, J. (2003). A History of Spaces: Cartographic Reason, Mapping, and the Geo-Coded World. Milton Park: Routledge.
  • [16] Schneider, D. (2013). New Indoor Navigation Technologies Work Where GPS Can’t. IEEE Spectrum, 20, Nov. 2013. Retrieved from http://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/wireless/new-indoor-navigation-technologies-work-where-gps-cant.
  • [17] Ziegler, S., Kirstein, P., Ladid, L., Skarmeta, A. and Jara, A. (2015). The Case for IPv6 as an Enabler of the Internet of Things. IEEE Internet of Things. Retrieved from http://iot.ieee.org/.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-26787e0b-4104-417c-8b59-41eccff97c09
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