Dom w czasie kwarantanny: słabości przestrzeni zamieszkania ujawnione podczas pandemii COVID-19

• Autorzy: Kwieciński Krystian

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.4467/25438700SM.22.026.17149

Warianty tytułu

EN

Home during quarantine: living space weaknesses revealed by COVID-19 pandemic

• Języki publikacji: PL EN

Abstrakty

PL

Bez skutecznych metod leczenia choroby zakaźnej wywołanej przez wirus SARS-CoV-2 rządy zmuszone były zastosować niefarmaceutyczne środki zapobiegawcze, w tym ograniczenia przemieszczania się i kwarantanny, które wystawiły przestrzenie zamieszkania na ekstremalne warunki użytkowania. Niniejsze badania miały na celu zweryfikowanie, w jaki sposób kwarantanny związane z COVID-19 zmieniły sposób funkcjonowania przestrzeni zamieszkania oraz ich gotowość do przyjęcia takich zmian. Przeprowadzony przegląd literatury pozwolił opracować zestawienie najsłabszych punktów domów podczas kwarantanny, zidentyfikowanych w ramach badań naukowych. Są to: niedostateczna ochrona sanitarna, niewystarczająca wielkość domu, przeludnione domy, niedostateczne nasłonecznienie, niewłaściwa jakość powietrza, dyskomfort termiczny, dyskomfort akustyczny, brak ergonomii, nadmierne zużycie zasobów, odcięcie od natury, wykluczenie cyfrowe i naruszenie prywatności. Zidentyfikowane słabości ujawniają rozwarstwienie społeczno-ekonomiczne gospodarstw domowych. Obowiązek pozostania w domu stanowi największe wyzwanie dla zubożałych rodzin zamieszkujących domy o niskiej jakości. Kwarantanna ukazała uprzywilejowanie mieszkańców domostw z dostępem do światła dziennego, przyrody czy Internetu.

EN

Without effective treatments for the infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, governments were forced to apply non-pharmaceutical preventive measures, including lockdowns and quarantines, which exposed residential spaces to extreme conditions. The aim of this research was to verify how COVID-19 quarantines have changed functioning of living spaces and their readiness to accept such changes. The literature review provided an overview of the major weaknesses of home during quarantine identified by research studies: insufficient sanitary protection, insufficient house size, overcrowded houses, insufficient daylight, improper air quality, thermal discomfort, poor acoustics, lack of ergonomics, excessive consumption of resources, nature disconnection, digital disconnection and violated privacy. Identified weaknesses exposed socio-economic stratification of households. Quarantine posed the most significant challenge for vulnerable households occupying low-quality homes. It showed how privileged are access to daylight, nature, or the Internet during lockdowns.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

budynki mieszkalne; kwarantanna; COVID-19; komfort zamieszkania; słabości przestrzeni zamieszkania

EN

residential buildings; quarantine; COVID-19; living comfort; housing weaknesses

• Wydawca: Katedra Kształtowania Środowiska Mieszkaniowego, Instytut Projektowania Urbanistycznego, Wydział Architektury, Politechniki Krakowskiej
• Czasopismo: Środowisko Mieszkaniowe
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: nr 41
• Strony: 4--14
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 62 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Kwieciński Krystian

• Wydział Architektury, Politechnika Warszawska

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8490-8830

Bibliografia

• [1] Aegerter, Andrea M., Manja Deforth, Venerina Johnston, Gisela Sjøgaard, Thomas Volken, Hannu Luomajoki, Julia Dratva, et al. 2021. “No Evidence for an Effect of Working from Home on Neck Pain and Neck Disability among Swiss Office Workers: Short-Term Impact of COVID-19.” European Spine Journal: Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 30 (6): 1699-1707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-021-06829-w.
• [2] Agarwal, Nehul, Chandan Swaroop Meena, Binju P. Raj, Lohit Saini, Ashok Kumar, N. Gopalakrishnan, Anuj Kumar, et al. 2021. “Indoor Air Quality Improvement in COVID-19 Pandemic: Review.” Sustainable Cities and Society 70 (December 2020): 102942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.102942.
• [3] Ahrendt, Daphne., Jorge. Cabrita, Eleonora. Clerici, John. Hurley, Tadas. Leončikas, Massimiliano. Mascherini, Sara. Riso, and Eszter. Sandor. 2020. Living, Working and COVID-19. Publications Office of the European Union.
• [4] Alonso, Mar, Alberto Rubio, Teresa Escrig, Teresa Soto, Begoña Serrano-Lanzarote, and Núria Matarredona-Desantes. 2021. “Identification of Measures to Strengthen Resilience in Homes on the Basis of Lockdown Experience during COVID-19.” Sustainability (Switzerland) 13 (11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116168.
• [5] Alpers, Silvia Eiken, Jens Christoffer Skogen, Silje Mæland, Ståle Pallesen, Åsgeir Kjetland Rabben, Linn Heidi Lunde, and Lars Thore Fadnes. 2021. “Alcohol Consumption during a Pandemic Lockdown Period and Change in Alcohol Consumption Related to Worries and Pandemic Measures.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 (3): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031220.
• [6] Amerio, Andrea, Andrea Brambilla, Alessandro Morganti, Andrea Aguglia, Davide Bianchi, Francesca Santi, Luigi Costantini, et al. 2020. “COVID-19 Lockdown : Housing Built Environment’s Effects on Mental Health.”
• [7] Ammar, Achraf, Khaled Trabelsi, Michael Brach, Hamdi Chtourou, Omar Boukhris, Liwa Masmoudi, Bassem Bouaziz, et al. 2021. “Effects of Home Confinement on Mental Health and Lifestyle Behaviours during the COVID-19 Outbreak: Insights from the ECLB-COVID19 Multicentre Study.” Biology of Sport 38 (1): 9-21. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2020.96857.
• [8] Andargie, Maedot S., Marianne Touchie, and William O’Brien. 2019. “A Review of Factors Affecting Occupant Comfort in Multi-Unit Residential Buildings.” Building and Environment 160 (June): 106182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106182.
• [9] Andersen, Lauren M., Stella R. Harden, Margaret M. Sugg, Jennifer D. Runkle, and Taylor E. Lundquist. 2021. “Analyzing the Spatial Determinants of Local Covid-19 Transmission in the United States.” Science of the Total Environment 754: 142396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142396.
• [10] Aydin, Dicle, and Gevher Sayar. 2021. “Questioning the Use of the Balcony in Apartments during the COVID-19 Pandemic Process.” Archnet-IJAR 15 (1): 51-63. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARCH-09-2020-0202.
• [11] Bettaieb, Donia M., and Reem Alsabban. 2021. “Emerging Living Styles Post-COVID-19: Housing Flexibility as a Fundamental Requirement for Apartments in Jeddah.” Archnet-IJAR 15 (1): 28-50. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARCH-07-2020-0144.
• [12] Brooks, Samantha K., Rebecca K. Webster, Louise E. Smith, Lisa Woodland, Simon Wessely, Neil Greenberg, and Gideon James Rubin. 2020. “The Psychological Impact of Quarantine and How to Reduce It: Rapid Review of the Evidence.” The Lancet 395 (10227): 912-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8.
• [13] Buomprisco, Giuseppe, Serafino Ricci, Roberto Perri, and Simone De Sio. 2021. “Health and Telework: New Challenges after COVID-19 Pandemic.” European Journal of Environment and Public Health 5 (2): em0073. https://doi.org/10.21601/ejeph/9705.
• [14] Byrne, Michael. 2020. “Stay Home: Reflections on the Meaning of Home and the Covid-19 Pandemic.” Irish Journal of Sociology 28 (3): 351-55. https://doi.org/10.1177/0791603520941423.
• [15] Cheshmehzangi, Ali. 2021. “Housing and Health Evaluation Related to General Comfort and Indoor Thermal Comfort Satisfaction during the COVID-19 Lockdown.” Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 31 (1-4): 184-209. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2020.1817225.
• [16] Coven, Joshua, Arpit Gupta, and Iris Yao. 2020. “Urban Flight Seeded the COVID-19 Pandemic Across the United States.” SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3711737.
• [17] Cuerdo-Vilches, Teresa, Miguel Ángel Navas-Martín, and Ignacio Oteiza. 2020. “A Mixed Approach on Resilience of Spanish Dwellings and Households during Covid-19 Lockdown.” Sustainability (Switzerland) 12 (23): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122310198.
• [18] Cuerdo-Vilches, Teresa, Miguel Ángel Navas-Martín, and Ignacio Oteiza. 2021. “Behavior Patterns, Energy Consumption and Comfort during COVID-19 Lockdown Related to Home Features, Socioeconomic Factors and Energy Poverty in Madrid.” Sustainability (Switzerland) 13 (11): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115949.
• [19] D’alessandro, Daniela, Marco Gola, Letizia Appolloni, Marco Dettori, Gaetano Maria Fara, Andrea Rebecchi, Gaetano Settimo, and Stefano Capolongo. 2020. “COVID-19 and Living Space Challenge. Well-Being and Public Health Recommendations for a Healthy, Safe, and Sustainable Housing.” Acta Biomedica 91 (1): 61-75. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i9-S.10115.
• [20] Das, Arijit, Sasanka Ghosh, Kalikinkar Das, Tirthankar Basu, Ipsita Dutta, and Manob Das. 2021. “Living Environment Matters: Unravelling the Spatial Clustering of COVID-19 Hotspots in Kolkata Megacity, India.” Sustainable Cities and Society 65 (May 2020): 102577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102577.
• [21] Daszak, Peter, Carlos das Neves, John Amuasi, David Haymen, Thijs Kuiken, Benjamin Roche, Carlos Zambrana-Torrelio, Peter Buss, Heliana Dundarova, and Yasha Feferholtz. 2020. Workshop Report on Biodiversity and Pandemics of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Bonn, Germany: IPBES Secretariat. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4147317.
• [22] Eshelby, Victoria, Muhammed Sogut, Kate Jolly, Ivo Vlaev, and Mark T. Elliott. 2020. “Stay Home and Stay Active? The Impact of Stay-at-Home Restrictions on Physical Activity Routines.” MedRxiv, 1-13.
• [23] Fezi, Bogdan Andrei. 2021. “The Role of Architecture and Urbanism in Preventing Pandemics.” IntechOpen.
• [24] Frutos, Fernando de, Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches, Carmen Alonso, Fernando Martín-Consuegra, Borja Frutos, Ignacio Oteiza, and Miguel Ángel Navas-Martín. 2021. “Indoor Environmental Quality and Consumption Patterns before and during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Twelve Social Dwellings in Madrid, Spain.” Sustainability 13 (14): 7700. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147700.
• [25] Gonçalves, Lucio Lage, Antonio Egidio Nardi, and AnnaLucia Spear King. 2020. “Home Office in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impacts on Human Behavior.” Forensic Science & Addiction Research 5 (3): 5-7. https://doi.org/10.31031/FSAR.2020.05.000.
• [26] Hoehn-Velasco, Lauren, Adan Silverio-Murillo, and Jose Roberto Balmori de la Miyar. 2020. “Are You Enjoying Your Neighbors During the Lockdown? Disputes between Neighbors in Mexican Cities during the COVID-19 Pandemic.”
• [27] IEA. 2020. Global Energy Review 2020. Paris: IEA. https://doi.org/10.1787/a60abbf2-en.
• [28] Jaimes Torres, Maribel, Mónica Aguilera Portillo, Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches, Ignacio Oteiza, and Miguel Ángel Navas-Martín. 2021. “Habitability, Resilience, and Satisfaction in Mexican Homes to COVID-19 Pandemic.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 (13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136993.
• [29] Judge, Lindsay, and Fahmida Rahman. 2020. “Lockdown Living: Housing Quality across the Generations.”
• [30] Kalbusch, Andreza, Elisa Henning, Miqueias Paulo Brikalski, Felipe Vieira de Luca, and Andrea Cristina Konrath. 2020. “Impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Spread-Prevention Actions on Urban Water Consumption.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 163 (August): 105098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105098.
• [31] Kofman, Yasmin B., and Dana Rose Garfin. 2020. “Home Is Not Always a Haven: The Domestic Violence Crisis Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 12: 1998-2000. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000866.
• [32] Koh, David. 2020. “Migrant Workers and COVID-19.” Occupational and Environmental Medicine 77 (9): 634-36. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2020-106626.
• [33] Krarti, Moncef, and Mohammad Aldubyan. 2021. “Review Analysis of COVID-19 Impact on Electricity Demand for Residential Buildings.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 143 (March): 110888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.110888.
• [34] Kwieciński, Krystian. 2020. “Technologia Służąca Mieszkańcom? Technology Serving Residents?” Środowisko Mieszkaniowe; 30/2020, August.
• [35] Lips, Anna. 2021. “The Situation of Young People at Home During COVID-19 Pandemic.” Childhood Vulnerability Journal. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s41255-021-00014-3.
• [36] Madhav, K. C., Evrim Oral, Susanne Straif-Bourgeois, Ariane L. Rung, and Edward S. Peters. 2020. “The Effect of Area Deprivation on COVID-19 Risk in Louisiana.” PLoS ONE 15 (12 December): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243028.
• [37] Maestro-Gonzalez, Alba, Marta Sánchez-Zaballos, María Pilar Mosteiro-Díaz, and David Zuazua-Rico. 2021. “Quality of Sleep among Social Media Users during the Lockdown Period Due to COVID-19 in Spain.” Sleep Medicine 80: 210-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2021.01.050.
• [38] Millán-Jiménez, Antonio, Rafael Herrera-Limones, Álvaro López-Escamilla, Emma López-Rubio, and Miguel Torres-García. 2021. “Confinement, Comfort and Health: Analysis of the Real Influence of Lockdown on University Students during the Covid-19 Pandemic.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 (11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115572.
• [39] Moretti, Antimo, Fabrizio Menna, Milena Aulicino, Marco Paoletta, Sara Liguori, and Giovanni Iolascon. 2020. “Characterization of Home Working Population during Covid-19 Emergency: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17 (17): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176284.
• [40] Mukherjee, Abhijit, S. Suresh Babu, and Subimal Ghosh. 2020. “Thinking about Water and Air to Attain Sustainable Development Goals during Times of COVID-19 Pandemic.” Journal of Earth System Science 129 (1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-020-01475-0.
• [41] Muñoz-González, Carmen, Jonathan Ruiz-Jaramillo, Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches, Maria Dolores Joyanes-Díaz, Laura Montiel Vega, Victor Cano-Martos, and Miguel Ángel Navas-Martín. 2021. “Natural Lighting in Historic Houses during Times of Pandemic. The Case of Housing in the Mediterranean Climate.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 (14). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147264.
• [42] National Housing Federation. 2020. “Housing Issues during Lockdown: Health, Space and Overcrowding,” no. 302132: 1-12.
• [43] Pancani, Luca, Marco Marinucci, Nicolas Aureli, and Paolo Riva. 2021. “Forced Social Isolation and Mental Health: A Study on 1,006 Italians Under COVID-19 Lockdown.” Frontiers in Psychology 12 (May). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.663799.
• [44] Peters, Terri, and Anna Halleran. 2021. “How Our Homes Impact Our Health: Using a COVID-19 Informed Approach to Examine Urban Apartment Housing.” Archnet-IJAR 15 (1): 10-27. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARCH-08-2020-0159.
• [45] Ralph, Paul, Sebastian Baltes, Gianisa Adisaputri, Richard Torkar, Vladimir Kovalenko, Marcos Kalinowski, Nicole Novielli, et al. 2020. “Pandemic Programming.” Empirical Software Engineering 25 (6): 4927-61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-020-09875-y.
• [46] Ridder, David De, José Sandoval, Nicolas Vuilleumier, Andrew S. Azman, Silvia Stringhini, Laurent Kaiser, Stéphane Joost, and Idris Guessous. 2021. “Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Neighborhoods Face Increased Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 Clusters.” Frontiers in Public Health 8 (January): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.626090.
• [47] Ruiz-Roso, María Belén, Patricia de Carvalho Padilha, Diana C. Mantilla-Escalante, Natalia Ulloa, Paola Brun, Diofanor Acevedo-Correa, Wilza Arantes Ferreira Peres, et al. 2020. “Covid-19 Confinement and Changes of Adolescent’s Dietary Trends in Italy, Spain, Chile, Colombia and Brazil.” Nutrients 12 (6): 1-18.
• [48] Saadat, Saeida, Deepak Rawtani, and Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain. 2020. “Environmental Perspective of COVID-19.” Science of the Total Environment 728: 138870.
• [49] Schattenberg, Marc. 2021. “Work from Home Has Come to Stay.” Germany Monitor.
• [50] Soltan, Marina, LE Crowley, CR Melville, Justin Varney, Sam Cassidy, Rahul Mahida, Frances Grudzinska, Dhruv Parekh, Davinder Dosanjh, and David Thickett. 2021. “To What Extent Are Social Determinants of Health, Including Household Overcrowding, Air Pollution and Housing Quality Deprivation, Modulators of Presentation, ITU Admission and Outcomes among Patients with SARS-COV-2 Infection in an Urban Catchment Area I.” Thorax 76: A237-38. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-35617/v1.
• [51] Spennemann, Dirk H.R. 2021. “Residential Architecture in a Post-Pandemic World: Implications of Covid-19 for New Construction and for Adapting Heritage Buildings.” Journal of Green Building 16 (1): 199-215. https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.16.1.199.
• [52] Sykes, Daniel. 2020. “Online Education During a Pandemic: Teaching and Learning in Home Spaces.” In Literacies & Language Education: Research & Practice, 86-88. English Language Institute, KUIS.
• [53] Templeman, Luke. 2020. “The Future of Work from Home.” Konzept, no. 18: 75-79.
• [54] Tokazhanov, Galym, Aidana Tleuken, Mert Guney, Ali Turkyilmaz, and Ferhat Karaca. 2020. “How Is COVID-19 Experience Transforming Sustainability Requirements of Residential Buildings? A Review.” Sustainability (Switzerland) 12 (20): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208732.
• [55] Torales, Julio, Marcelo O’Higgins, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, and Antonio Ventriglio. 2020. “The Outbreak of COVID-19 Coronavirus and Its Impact on Global Mental Health.” International Journal of Social Psychiatry 66 (4): 317-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020915212.
• [56] UNCTAD. 2020. “How COVID-19 Is Changing the World : A Statistical Perspective.” Committee for the Coordination of Statistical, 1-90.
• [57] Valizadeh, Paria, and Aminreza Iranmanesh. 2021. “Insideout, Exploring Residential Spaces during COVID-19 Lockdown from the Perspective of Architecture Students.” European Planning Studies 0 (0): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2021.1939271.
• [58] Wang, Huiyao, Qian Xia, Zhenzhen Xiong, Zhixiong Li, Weiyi Xiang, Yiwen Yuan, Yaya Liu, and Zhe Li. 2020. “The Psychological Distress and Coping Styles in the Early Stages of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic in the General Mainland Chinese Population: A Web-Based Survey.” PLoS ONE 15 (5): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233410.
• [59] Wathelet, Marielle, Stéphane Duhem, Guillaume Vaiva, Thierry Baubet, Enguerrand Habran, Emilie Veerapa, Christophe Debien, et al. 2020. “Factors Associated with Mental Health Disorders among University Students in France Confined during the COVID-19 Pandemic.” JAMA Network Open 3 (10): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25591.
• [60] Weisbuch, Gérard. 2021. “Urban Exodus and the Dynamics of COVID-19 Pandemics.” Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications 569: 125780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2021.125780.
• [61] Zamfir, Mihaela, Ileana Ciobanu, Andreea Georgiana Marin, and Mihai-Viorel Zamfir. 2021. “Smart Dwellings. Architectural Perspectives Opened by COVID-19 Pandemic.” Smart Cities and Regional Development (SCRD) Journal 5 (2): 33-49.
• [62] Zoğal, Volkan, Antoni Domènech, and Gözde Emekli. 2020. “Stay at (Which) Home: Second Homes during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Journal of Tourism Futures, no. September. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-06-2020-0090.