Environmental impact of waste-derived geopolymer composites : heavy metal leaching and risk assessment

• Autorzy: Mizerna Kamila , Król Anna , Janowska-Renkas Elżbieta , Kaliciak-Kownacka Agnieszka

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.24425/aep/2025.154751

Warianty tytułu

PL

Wpływ na środowisko kompozytów geopolimerowych na bazie odpadów : wymywalność metali ciężkich i ocena ryzyka

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Geopolymers are a relatively new type of material that can be produced from waste. They may contain hazardous compounds, such as heavy metals, which pose environmental risks if released. This study presents the results of heavy metal release from molded geopolymer composites over time and evaluates the leaching mechanisms of various elements. The study also assesses the potential ecological risk of these materials, highlighting the innovative and complex nature of the research program. The geopolymer composites were produced from silica fly ash (CFA) and waste glass powder (GP), with their composition further modified using graphene and nanosilica. The study investigated materials with innovative compositions that could effectively replace traditional Portland cement-based concrete, whose production significantly contributes to carbon emissions. Leachability was assessed using the tank test method. Among the ten metals analyzed, the geopolymer composites released Ba, Cr, Mo, and Sb. The study demonstrated that the leaching process was primarily controlled by dissolution and diffusion; however, for Ba and Mo, depletion of available ions for leaching was also observed. The potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) ranged from 21.4 to 34.5 depending on the geopolymer composition. The ecological risk analysis indicated no environmental threat from the geopolymer composites.

PL

Geopolimery to stosunkowo nowy rodzaj materiałów, które można wytwarzać z odpadów. Materiały te mogą zawierać niebezpieczne związki, takie jak metale ciężkie, które stwarzają potencjalne zagrożenie dla środowiska w przypadku ich uwolnienia. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki uwalniania metali ciężkich z formowanych kompozytów geopolimerowych w funkcji czasu oraz w celu oceny mechanizmów wymywania poszczególnych pierwiastków. W badaniu oceniono również potencjalne ryzyko ekologiczne badanych materiałów. Kompozyty geopolimerowe wytworzono na bazie popiołu lotnego krzemionkowego (CFA) i odpadowej mączki szklanej (GP). Ponadto skład modyfikowano grafenem i nanokrzemionką. Badaniom poddano materiały o innowacyjnych składach oraz które mogłyby z powodzeniem zastąpić tradycyjny beton na bazie cementu portlandzkiego, którego produkcja jest obecnie uznawana za zwiększającą ślad węglowy. Wymywalność przeprowadzono metodą ”tank test”. Kompozyty geopolimerowe wykazały uwalnianie Ba, Cr, Mo i Sb spośród dziesięciu metali analizowanych w pracy. Ustalono, że proces wymywania był kontrolowany przede wszystkim przez rozpuszczanie i dyfuzję, jednak w przypadku Ba i Mo zaobserwowano również proces wyczerpywania się jonów dostępnych do wymywania. Analiza ryzyka ekologicznego nie wykazała zagrożenia dla środowiska ze strony badanych kompozytów geopolimerowych.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

environmental risk assessment; geopolymer composites; silica fly ash; waste glass powder; heavy metals leaching

PL

szacowanie ryzyka środowiskowego; kompozyty geopolimerowe; popiół lotny krzemionkowy; odpadowa mączka szklana; wymywanie metali ciężkich

• Wydawca: Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences
• Czasopismo: Archives of Environmental Protection
• Rocznik: 2025
• Tom: Vol. 51, no. 2
• Strony: 3--15
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 39 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Mizerna Kamila

• Department of Process and Environmental Engineering, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3901-6697

autor

Król Anna

• Department of Process and Environmental Engineering, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland

autor

Janowska-Renkas Elżbieta

• Department of Building Materials Engineering, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland

autor

Kaliciak-Kownacka Agnieszka

• Department of Building Materials Engineering, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland

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Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr POPUL/SP/0154/2024/02 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki II" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki (2025).