BazTech - Yadda

1

Characterization of the effects of acetic acid on the recovery of valuable contents from flotation tailings of non-sulfide metals

Yoğurtcuoğlu Emine

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

|

2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 1

art. no. 185168

EN

Non-sulfide lead flotation tailings draw attention in terms of their valuable contents. Dissolution studies have been carried out with strong inorganic acids, especially in ore form, but these acids have been unfavorable in removal in the context of metal recovery processes. Organic acids, on the other hand, are notable for their environmentally friendly properties and selective metal recovery opportunities. In this study, the effects of acetic acid on metal recovery from oxidized waste were investigated with different experimental parameters at a laboratory scale. Optimal conditions were determined depending on the increase in acetic acid concentration. At 0.75-1.0 M acid concentrations, 49-55% Pb and 49-54% Zn recovery efficiencies were obtained with grades of 7.0-7.2% and 19.5-19.7%, respectively. The recovery of Pb/Zn by the leaching process with acetic acid and the selective nonrecovery of iron were also observed through characterization studies. With the Rietveld XRD method, an increase in iron minerals such as goethite and a decrease in smithsonite-hydrozincite minerals were determined. These changes were seen as a decrease in the contents of these minerals in SEM/EDX analysis and as a decrease in smithsonite mineral bond structures in the FT-IR analysis. This study showed that acetic acid has many advantages in the utilization of zinc-lead-containing oxide flotation tailings, which have high economic value, such as selective metal recovery, easy biodegradability, environmental friendliness, and non-corrosiveness.

2

Innovative hydrometallurgy for galvanic sludge sustainable recovery

Brožová Silvie, Drápala Jaromír, Brož Jiří, Macháčková Adéla

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2023

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Vol. 5, iss. 1

46--56

EN

The manuscript explores the feasibility of recovering zinc and iron from waste galvanic sludge generated during galvanic plating processes. Galvanic sludge, characterized by elevated concentrations of heavy metals, represents a suitable candidate for hydrometallurgical recycling. The primary objective of the experimental and practical phases was to extract zinc and iron through the leaching of galvanic sludge. Leaching procedures were conducted using sulfuric acid at varying temperatures and time durations, augmented by the introduction of oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide or ozone. Subsequent separation of the leach and filtrate was achieved through filtration. The leachate underwent additional processing involving the precipitation of iron and other metals, employing diverse agents. Following further filtration, electrolysis was employed to attain pure zinc on the cathode, utilizing an electrical voltage of approximately 3 V. Comprehensive chemical analyses were conducted on all intermediate products, including the leachate, leach liquor, filtrate, solid precipitate, and the separated metal on the cathode. The outcomes of these analyses are meticulously presented in tables and graphs.

3

The effect of cooper, zinc and selenium on skin condition

Kulik Anna

Polish Hyperbaric Research

|

2023

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nr 2(83)

23--30

EN

Trace elements are essential for the maintenance of the homeostasis of the body, and condition the proper functioning of the human organism. Micronutrients influence a number of metabolic processes in the dermis and epidermis. An excess or deficiency of trace elements may represent a potential threat to human health with implications for skin condition. This study reviews the literature on the effects of copper, zinc and selenium on skin condition.

4

Beneficiation of Artvin-Cerattepe copper-zinc ore by flotation

Seyrankaya Abdullah, Yontar Uğur, Canbazoğlu Mehmet, Özel Gizem, Kabaloğlu Sinan

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2023

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Vol. 59, iss. 5

art. no. 167499

EN

The Cerattepe (Artvin) mine contains volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits in northeastern Turkey. This is a kuroko type deposit located in Late Cretaceous volcanic, intrusive and sedimentary rocks, and has a structure with dense alteration stages. In this study, batch flotation tests were carried out to determine the flotation behavior of a new sample (mix ore), that was the combination of two different ores with different flotation behaviors. The mixed ore contains 2.18% Cu, 1.46% Zn, (Cu/Zn ratio 1.49) 38.35% Fe, and 41.6% S content. An efficient separation of copper minerals from zinc minerals using the conventional selective flotation method could not be achieved due to complex mineralogy and very low liberation degree. Therefore, sequential selective flotation resulted in poor Cu recovery. The effects of flotation parameters such as collector type, collector amount, particle size, and pH conditions, were investigated to obtain a bulk copper-zinc concentrate. The best results were obtained using thionocarbamate (Aero 3894) and dithiophosphine (Aerophine 3418A) collector reagents at d80=40 μm particle size. Under optimal conditions (grain size, d80=40 μm, pH=11, amount of collector reagent 60 g/t (Aero 3894), frother (MIBC)=50 g/t, solid ratio=32%, flotation time=8 min.), a bulk copper-zinc concentrate containing 13% Cu and 9.5% Zn was obtained with a copper yield of 84.4% and a zinc yield of 88.9%. The concentrate mass pull was 13%. After rougher and two-stage scavenger flotation, a concentrate (rougher concentrate + scavenger products) was obtained with a mass pull of 22%. Copper and zinc recoveries of this concentrate were 91.8% and 92.5%, respectively.

5

The Influence of the Gray Forest Soil Moisture Level on the Accumulation of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu in Spring Barley Grain

Razanov Serhii, Husak Oksana, Hnativ Petro, Dydiv Andrii, Bakhmat Oleh, Stepanchenko Vitalii, Pryshchepa Alla, Shcherbachuk Victor, Mazurak Oksana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 7

285--292

EN

Among a number of climate-related factors, moisture has the greatest impact on crop productivity. In recent years, certain changes have been observed under conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine with regard to precipitation – from low to in some cases – abnormally high, which requires the study of their impact on the yield and safety of cereal grain for its forecasted production. The article examined the effect of a high level of soil moisture (256.2–272.5 mm) and a low level (47.4–52.3 mm) during the growing season (germination→earing) of spring barley grain on the accumulation of heavy metals in it and its productivity under the conditions of gray forest soils of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Spring barley varieties Helios and Caesar were selected for the research. A decrease in the accumulation coefficient at a high level of soil moisture (256.6–272.5 mm) in spring barley grain Pb from 8.3% to 11.3%, Cd – from 35.0% to 35.5%, Zn was established – by 15% and Cu – from 11.2% to 16.6% compared to the low level of soil moisture (47.1 mm – 53.3 mm). At the same time, it was found that with a high level of soil moisture, there is a decrease in the yield of Helios and Caesar spring barley by 18.0% and 14.1%, respectively.

6

Evaluating the Effect of the Approaching Electrode on the Migration for Metal Ions through the Electro-Kinetic Technique for Contaminated Soil

Thamer Zeina, Khalil Amal H.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 2

72--80

EN

In this study, three experiments using the fixed anode technique and approached anode technique were carried out. The first experiment (EK-1) used distilled water as leaching solution (purging solution) at the anode and cathode chamber under voltage gradient was equal to 1.5 V/cm. In the second and third experiments, a solution enhanced with 1M acetic acid (AA) was used as catholic solution. The results indicate that residual concentration of Zn+2 decreases, beginning with an initial value of 850 mg/kg in all portions of soil sample EK-1, EK-2, in addition to EK-3. It seems that the residual concentration of EK-3 (approached anode technique) was lower than that of EK-1 and EK-2 in identical portions.

7

Variability of zinc content in cultivated luvisols of the Pałuki region (Central Poland)

Bartkowiak Agata

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2023

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nr I/1

120--132

EN

Zinc is an essential microelement that is required for the proper growth and development of crops, and its content in the soil varies. Due to the physiological functions it performs in living organisms, zinc is considered an essential element in the nutrition of plants and animals. The total forms of trace elements do not fully reflect the possibilities of their absorption. They provide only approximate ranges of the soil’s abundance in a given ingredient. Plants can obtain microelements only from bioavailable forms.The content of available forms of elements in soils is one of the important determinants of plant yield. Zinc deficiency is a serious problem in agricultural soils around the world because it results in reduced crop yields. The aim of the study was to assess the content of total and available forms of zinc in the surface horizons of arable Luvisols in the Pałuki region, that has been intensively used for agriculture. Basic physical and chemical soil properties were determined using methods commonly applied by soil science laboratories. The content of total zinc forms was determined using the Crock and Severson method. Forms bioavailable to plants were identified using the Lindsay and Norvell method. The content of both forms of zinc was determined by atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS). In the analysed samples of arable land, low contents of total and available forms of zinc were recorded. The correlation analysis that was carried out confirmed that the content of these forms in the soil is significantly influenced by reaction. Due to the low levels of zinc forms found in the studied agricultural soils, It is necessary to monitor the amounts of this trace element.

PL

Cynk jest mikroelementem niezbędnym do prawidłowego wzrostu i rozwoju roślin uprawnych, a jego zawartość w glebie jest zróżnicowana. Ze względu na funkcje fizjologiczne, jakie pełni w organizmach żywych, cynk uznawany jest za pierwiastek niezbędny w żywieniu roślin i zwierząt. Formy całkowite pierwiastków śladowych nie odzwierciedlają w pełni możliwości ich wchłaniania. Podają jedynie przybliżone zakresy zasobności gleby w dany składnik. Rośliny mogą pozyskiwać mikroelementy jedynie z form biodostępnych. Zawartość przyswajalnych form pierwiastków w glebie jest jednym z ważnych czynników warunkujących plonowanie roślin. Niedobór cynku jest poważnym problemem w glebach rolniczych na całym świecie, ponieważ powoduje zmniejszenie plonów. Celem badań była ocena zawartości form całkowitych i przyswajalnych cynku w poziomach powierzchniowych uprawnych gleb płowych regionu Pałuk, który od dziesięcioleci jest intensywnie użytkowany rolniczo. Podstawowe właściwości fizyczne i chemiczne gleby określono metodami powszechnie stosowanymi w laboratoriach gleboznawczych. Zawartość form cynku całkowitego oznaczono metodą Crocka i Seversona, a formy biodostępne dla roślin metodą Lindsaya i Norvella. Zawartość obu form cynku oznaczono metodą atomowej spektroskopii adsorpcyjnej (AAS). W analizowanych próbach gruntów ornych stwierdzono niską zawartość form całkowitych i przyswajalnych cynku. Przeprowadzona analiza korelacji potwierdziła, że na zawartość tych form w glebie istotny wpływ ma odczyn. Ze względu na niską zawartość form cynku w badanych glebach rolniczych, konieczne jest monitorowanie ilości tego mikroelementu.

8

Effects of HE and ECAP processes on changes in microstructure and mechanical properties in copper, iron and zinc

Kulczyk Mariusz, Skorupska Monika, Skiba Jacek, Przybysz Sylwia, Smalc-Koziorowska Julita

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 3

art. no. e145563

EN

The research presented in this paper concerns the influence of the rate of plastic deformation generated directly in the processes of severe plastic deformations on the microstructure and properties of three metals: copper, iron and zinc. The equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) method was used, and it was performed at a low plastic deformation rate of ∼ 0.04 s−1. The high plastic strain rate was obtained using the hydrostatic extrusion (HE) method with the deformation rate at the level of ∼ 170 s−1. For all three tested materials different characteristic effects were demonstrated at the applied deformation rates. The smallest differences in the mechanical properties were observed in copper, despite the dynamic recrystallization processes that occurred in the HE process. In Armco iron samples, dynamic recovery processes in the range of high plastic deformation rates resulted in lower mechanical properties. The most significant effects were obtained for pure zinc, where, regardless of the method used, the microstructure was clearly transformed into bimodal after the ECAP process, and homogenized and refined after the HE process. After the HE process, the material was transformed from a brittle state to a plastic state and the highest mechanical properties were obtained.

9

A Study on the Recovery of Zinc and Pig Iron from Byproducts after Steelmaking Dust Treatment

Wang Jei-Pl

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

|

2023

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Vol. 68, iss. 1

205--208

EN

In this study, a research was conducted to recover metallic zinc and pig iron and to improve the purity and the recovery rate through a reduction process for zinc and iron in the byproducts that are generated after steelmaking dust treatment. As the result of the calcination, it was confirmed that Cl (6.06%) and K (3.37%) decreased to Cl (2.75%) and K (0.22%), respectively. For the zinc powder that was recovered with reaction temperature of 1100°C, reaction time of 4 hours, and argon gas of 1L/min as the optimal conditions. The measurement for the purity of zinc was 99.8% and the recovery rate was 92.14%. The melt reduction for recovering pig iron from the residue was reacted under reaction temperature of 1600°C, flux composition (CaO:SiO2) of 1:1, and reducing agent infusion ratio (residue: C) of 14:1, and the pig iron was measured to have a purity of 87.7% and a recovery rate of 91.81%.

10

Rola cynku w ochronie przeciwkorozyjnej stali - przegląd zastosowań

Sokólski Wojciech

Stal, Metale & Nowe Technologie

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2022

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nr 9-10

72--77

PL

Metaliczny cynk, w różnych postaciach, jest nadal masowo i z doskonałymi rezultatami wykorzystywany w wielu technikach ochrony przed korozją konstrukcji i wyrobów stalowych eksploatowanych w różnych warunkach – w atmosferze, wodzie i ziemi. Niniejsze opracowanie ma na celu wskazanie różnych sposobów wykorzystania właściwości tego metalu zarówno w uzyskiwaniu efektów barierowych w powłokach, jak i polaryzacji elektrochemicznej w systemach ochrony katodowej.

EN

Metallic zinc, in various forms, is still massively and with excellent results used in a number of corrosion protection techniques for steel structures and steel products operated in various conditions: in the atmosphere, in water and in the underground. This study aims to indicate different ways of using the properties of this metal both in obtaining barrier effects in coatings and in electrochemical polarization in cathodic protection systems.

11

Zinc and Magnesium vs COVID-19

Sokołowska Barbara, Nazaruk Stanisława Katarzyna, Radzka-Pogoda Agnieszka, Henrykowska Gabriela, Borzęcki Andrzej

Polish Hyperbaric Research

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2022

|

nr 2(79)

45--52

EN

Zinc and magnesium are among the most important elements for the human body. A deficiency or excess of either of them may pose a potential threat to the homeostatic mechanisms of the body. Both elements condition the proper functioning of the immune system. Zinc and magnesium deficiency significantly reduces the body's immunity, facilitating infection with various pathogens, including SARS-COV-2 infection. In this paper, we reviewed the literature on the impact of zinc and magnesium deficiencies on the incidence and course of COVID-19.

PL

Cynk i magnez to jedne z ważniejszych pierwiastków dla organizmu człowieka. Niedobór lub nadmiar któregoś z nich może stanowić potencjalne zagrożenie dla mechanizmów homeostazy ustroju. Pierwiastki te warunkują prawidłowe funkcjonowanie układu immunologicznego. Niedobór cynku i magnezu istotnie zmniejsza odporność organizmu ułatwiając infekcje różnymi patogenami, w tym zakażenia SARS-COV-2. W pracy dokonano przeglądu piśmiennictwa obejmującego zagadnienia wpływu niedoborów cynku i magnezu na zachorowanie i przebieg COVID-19.

12

Kierunki rozwoju cynkowych powłok gruntujących do zabezpieczeń antykorozyjnych obiektów stalowych

Królikowska Agnieszka, Komorowski Leszek, Wojda Damian, Zacharuk Katarzyna, Langer Ewa, Zubielewicz Małgorzata, Kuczyńska Helena, Paszek Urszula

Mosty

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2022

|

nr 2

50--52

PL

W artykule opisano systemy antykorozyjne z powłoką gruntującą zawierającą wypełniacz cynkowy, których użycie rośnie z roku na rok ze względu na dużą trwałość. Ich wykorzystanie nie pozostaje jednak bez wpływu na środowisko naturalne. Jednym ze sposobów ograniczenia zawartości cynku jest stosowanie nowych cynkowych powłok gruntujących opracowanych w projekcie ZINCPOWER (CORNET).

EN

The article describes anticorrosion systems containing zinc primers, which are used increasingly year by year due to their durability. However they are not without consequences for the environment. One of the methods of reducing the content of zinc is the use of new zinc primer coats which were developed in the ZINCPOWER (CORNET) project.

13

Determination of conditions for maximum dezincification of a mixture of ferrous materials in the sintering process based on numerical calculations using the FactSage thermochemical program

Szypuła Ireneusz, Różański Piotr, Stecko Janusz, Niesler Marian

Journal of Metallic Materials

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2022

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Vol. 74, no. 3-4

61--74

EN

Multi-million tons of sludge produced as a result of wet dedusting of blast furnace and converter gases have been deposited in landfills across the country. These materials are also created on an ongoing basis. Due to the high iron content, their potential as a ferrous raw material is significant. Unfortunately, in addition to components which are desirable from the point of view of metallurgical processes such as Fe, C and CO, they also contain many harmful elements such as Zn, Pb, Na and K. The article describes the sources and form of Zn found in post-production waste of steelworks and the methods of removing zinc from ferrous waste materials. The optimal conditions for zinc removal during the sintering process of galvanised ferrous materials were identified using thermochemical calculations carried out with the FactSage computer program.

PL

Na terenie kraju na składowiskach zdeponowano wielomilionowe ilości ton szlamów powstałych w wyniku mokrego odpylania gazów wielkopiecowych i konwertorowych. Materiały te powstają także na bieżąco. Z uwagi na dużą zawartość żelaza ich potencjał jako surowca żelazonośnego jest znaczący. Niestety oprócz pożądanych składników z punktu widzenia procesów metalurgicznych Fe, C, CO, zawierają one także wiele pierwiastków szkodliwych takich jak: Zn, Pb, Na, K. W artykule opisano źródła pochodzenia i postać Zn występującego w odpadach poprodukcyjnych hut oraz metody usuwania cynku z odpadowych materiałów żelazonośnych. Dokonano identyfikacji optymalnych warunków usuwania cynku w czasie procesu spiekania zacynkowanych materiałów żelazonośnych, dokonując obliczeń termochemicznych przy użyciu programu komputerowego FactSage.

14

Adsorption of Mercury and Zinc in Agricultural Soils by Sphagneticola trilobata

Aveiga Ana, Pinargote Cruz, Peñarrieta Fabián, Teca Jorge, Alcántara Francisco

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 3

230--235

EN

Given the imminent deterioration of environmental quality, the accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soil is one of the main concerns worldwide. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the adsorption potential of mercury and zinc by Sphagneticola trilobata. After 60 days, the distribution of heavy metals in the roots and the leaves of the plants was determined. As a result, the plant adsorbed mercury between 43.49 and 59.22%, and zinc between 32.68 and 64.37%. According to the bioconcentration and translocation factors of Sphagneticola trilobata obtained in the present work, the phytostabilizing capacity of mercury and zinc is like Eichhornia crassipes and Sorghum bicolor.

15

Comparison of Natural Abiotic Factors and Pollution Influence on the Soil Enzymative Activity

Olkova Anna Sergeewna, Tovstik Evgeniya Vladimirovna

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 1

42--48

EN

The enzymatic pool of the soil is formed over a long period of time under the influence of many natural factors. Therefore, the information on the lability of soil enzymes under the influence of the main abiotic factors is necessary for the diagnosis of the anthropogenic influence on ecosystems. The aim of the study was to determine the variability of the activity of catalase, invertase, and urease in sod-podzolic and grey forest soils in response to the main abiotic factors and model pollution. The studied areas belonged to the subzones of middle and southern taiga and mixed forests, the average annual temperature ranged from 2.9 to 6.6 ℃, and the рНKCl level of extracts from soils was in the range of 4.2–5.6. It was shown that the activity of exozymes in the soil of southern taiga and mixed forests depends most of all on the average annual temperature and pH level. No relationship between the enzyme activity and soil organic carbon was found. Artificial soil salinity led to an increase in the activity of invertase and urease. Soil contamination with zinc (25.5 and 255.0 mg/kg of dry soil) suppressed only the invertase activity. Thus, the influence of natural abiotic factors on the activity of soil enzymes was more often found than the chemical load.

16

Znaczenie cynku w produkcji cementu portlandzkiego

Kurdowski Wiesław, Zajd Paweł

Cement Wapno Beton

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2022

|

R. 27, nr 1

45--58

PL

W doświadczeniach laboratoryjnych stwierdzono nieoczekiwany wpływ dodatku cynku, który przyspieszył proces wiązania cementu portlandzkiego. Ten nietypowy wpływ cynku został spowodowany przez dodatek anhydrytu II, jako regulatora wiązania cementu, przez jego producenta. Anhydryt II rozpuszcza się bardzo powoli i stężenie jonów siarczanowych w zaczynie hydratyzującego cementu było bardzo małe. Natomiast cynk rozpuścił się bardzo szybko, a powstający wodorotlenek strącał się na powierzchni kryształów C3A, utrudniając powstawanie ciągłej warstwy ettringitu. Ettringit powstawał w tych warunkach w wolnych przestrzeniach w roztworze, łącząc ziarna cementu, powodując szybkie wiązanie „ettringitowe”. Natomiast, kryształy alitu pozostają ciągle pokryte bezpostaciową warstewką Zn(OH)2, i w tych warunkach okres indukcji reakcji z wodą tej fazy, pozostaje bez zmian. Przedłużenie tego okresu rośnie ze zwiększeniem dodatku cynku.

EN

In laboratory experiments, we found the unexpected influence of zinc addition, which was the acceleration of the Portland cement setting. This untypical cement behaviour was caused by the addition of anhydrite II as the setting time regulator, by its producer. Anhydrite II dissolves very slowly and the sulphate ions concentration in the paste of the hydrating cement, was very low. However, zinc was soluted very quickly and its hydroxide precipitated on the surface of C3A crystals, limiting the formation of the continuous ettringite layer. Thus, ettringite is formed in the free areas in the solution, linking the cement grains, with the formation of the quick “ettringite” setting. Ettringite precipitated in the free areas within the solution, binds to the cement grains and causes the ‘quick’ setting of ettringite. However, the alite crystals remain continuously covered by the amorphous layer of Zn(OH)2, and under this condition the induction period with water reaction of this phase remains hang-up. The elongation of this period is increasing with the increase in the addition of zinc.

17

The Study of Copper Alloy with Graphene Additive via x-Ray Diffraction

Masri Mohamad Najmi, Mohammad M., Yusoff Mahani, Mamat Sarizam, Teo Pao Ter, Othman R., Irfan Abd Rahim, Singh Pramod K.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2022

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Vol. 67, iss. 3

1051--1053

EN

This study evaluated the effect of milling speed and compaction pressure on the densification and morphology of the CuZn-Gr composite. The composite was prepared by using the powder metallurgy technique. The effect on the microstructural and compaction was determined based on different milling speeds. The different milling speeds involved were 175, 200, 225, and 250 rpm. Meanwhile, the different compaction pressures used in this study were 127, 250, 374, and 500 MPa. The properties of the milled powder gave the result to green density and densification parameters. The XRD pattern of Cu and Zn broadened as milling time increased.

18

Cynk i miedź jako potencjalne biowskaźniki zaburzeń nastroju

Ordon Klaudia, Świądro-Piętoń Magdalena, Herman Małgorzata, Dudek Dominika, Wietecha-Posłuszny Renata

Analityka : nauka i praktyka

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2022

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nr 2

20--27

PL

Z roku na rok obserwuje się znaczny wzrost liczby zachorowań na zaburzenia nastroju. Z tego powodu bardzo ważne jest opracowanie metod oznaczania potencjalnych biowskaźników, skutecznych w różnicowaniu tych chorób.

19

Heavy Metal Emissions from Linear Sources and Polluted Soil in The Capital City of Poland

Dmochowska Anna, Majder-Lopatka Malgorzata, Salamonowicz Zdzislaw, Piechota-Polanczyk Aleksandra, Polanczyk Andrzej

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2021

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Tom 23

94--105

EN

Human activities such as transport contribute to the environmental degradation. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the level of contamination of soils, from different districts of big cities of central Europe, with heavy metals: zinc, lead, and nickel. The samples were taken from the top, sodded soil layer. Each single sample weigh was about 1 kg taken from 1 m2 measuring station. Soil samples were dried at room temperature. The airborne dry soil was thoroughly mixed and sieved through a 1 mm nylon sieve. The study included analysis of which type of metals is washed out under the influence of abiotic factors (bioavailable forms) and demonstrating how spatial development affects the accumulation of selected heavy metals in the soil. The results indicated that heavy metals emitted to the ground layer of the atmosphere accumulate in the immediate vicinity of communication routes. Moreover, based on the analysis of interrelationships of zinc, lead, and nickel concentrations, it has been shown that there is a common source of their emission to soil. Furthermore, the thesis that the concentration of metals was dependent on the soil reaction was not confirmed.

20

Evaluation of Zinc Accumulation in Moss (Pylaisia polyantha) Growing Near Intensive Traffic Street Based on Modelling and Experimental Data

Paliulis Dainius

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2021

|

Tom 23

198--213

EN

Pylaisia polyantha moss growing near intensive traffic in Geležinis Vilkas street at Vingis Park (Vilnius) was selected as an indicator of environmental pollution. Two models were applied for the study: the Gaussian plume model – for zinc emission from automobiles calculation and mathematical model – for recalculating the zinc emission from transport to zinc concentration in moss. Moss samples were collected during spring, summer and autumn. There were no significant changes in Zn concentrations between these periods. Zn emission dispersion from pollution source was calculated only for one vehicle, in order to reach relationships between environmental conditions and dispersion of Zn emission from vehicle exhaust fumes pipe. It was detected that the concentration of Zn tends to decrease with the distance from the pollution source. It was observed that there was a strong relationship between wind speed and Zn concentration – the slower the wind speed, the higher concentration of zinc in moss.