BazTech - Yadda

1

Analysis of the rail cargo transport volume in Poland in 2010-2021

Macioszek Elżbieta

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

|

2023

|

z. 119

125--140

EN

Rail transport is one of the branches of transport included in the group of land transport, and its operation is related to the transport of people and cargo by means of rail transport on a specially designated railroad built for this purpose. The article presents the classification of transported cargo in rail transport, the characteristics of the rail transport market in Europe, as well as the results of the analysis of the rail transport volume in Poland in 2010-2021. This analysis included an assessment of the following features: mass of transported cargo, performed transport and operational work, the average distance of cargo transport for a group of cargo transported by rail and the volume of intermodal transport. The obtained results allowed to conclude that the transport of goods by rail is systematically increasing. Moreover, intermodal transport is developing well.

2

A multifaceted approach to assessing intermodal transport

Nehring Karol, Lasota Michał, Zabielska Aleksandra, Jachimowski Roland

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

|

2023

|

z. 121

141--165

EN

The article presents the issues of land intermodal transport, taking into account their impact on the natural environment. The subject of the research is the use of the ELECTRE I method as a decision support tool in the assessment of various variants of transport, taking into account intermodal transport, i.e., transport on the initial and final sections of the route with the use of road transport and transport in the middle longest section by rail transport. This significantly reduces the emission of harmful compounds emitted into the atmosphere by the transport industry. In connection with the above, research on the possibility of choosing transport routes using mixed modes of land transport has been presented. The analyzed transport from point A to destination B considers two reloading operations at the land intermodal terminals. For each of the variants, indicators related to emissions from fuel consumption, the total time and cost of the process, the share of rail transport in the entire process, and the distance of road transport were calculated. The final analysis of the results shows that the following parameters had the most significant impact on the course of the research: the level of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere and the total cost of the process for a given variant. Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that the variant of transporting cargo from Rybnik to Świdnik with reloading at the PCC Intermodal terminals in Gliwice and the Lublin Container Terminal turned out to be the most advantageous solution.

3

Alternative transport routes from Europe to Asia after the outbreak of war

Domagała Wojciech, Buckiüniene Olga

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2023

|

z. 169

201--213

EN

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to identify possible transport routes leading from Europe to Asia that bypass the territory of the Russian Federation or go through Russia and don't violate the sanctions. Design/methodology/approach: Comparative analysis, regional map analysis and case study are used. Map analysis allowed for the creation of various transport routes leading from Europe to Asia. The determining aspect affecting the course of a given route was access to transport infrastructure. The described case study shows the perspective of a small entrepreneur who wants to send his goods to Asia legally and in compliance with applicable sanctions. The comparative analysis made it possible to define new transport paths that largely coincide with the economic corridors of the New Silk Road. Findings: Possible routes for transporting goods from Europe to China were presented, with a focus on land and intermodal routes that avoided Russian Federation territory and ran through Central Asian countries. The possibility of omitting sanctions in the transport of goods from Europe to Asia was also shown. Research limitations/implications: Further research on this topic is suggested. A significant impediment in the creation of this article was the lack of access to numerical data from carriers performing the types of transport described in the article. Data worth analyzing concern the number of transports, the value and type of transported goods, transport costs, as well as qualitative data on the experience and good practices of carriers who carry out transport from Europe to China via Central Asia. Originality/value: The article describes the logistical problems of a transport nature that arose as a result of the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian war, which, to the author's best knowledge, have never been described in detail before, nor have possible solutions to these problems been presented. The article is addressed to small entrepreneurs trading in Asian countries who cannot afford to use the services of intermediaries and are forced to organize transport on their own. The article also highlights the benefits for carriers by presenting alternative transportation routes that do not include Russia.

4

Podsystemy transportu intermodalnego – stan obecny i przyszłość

Kruk Robert, Piwowar Beata, Ochociński Krzysztof

Przegląd Komunikacyjny

|

2023

|

R. 78, nr 9/10

25--28

PL

W referacie przedstawiono obecnie powszechnie eksploatowane podsystemy transportu intermodalnego oraz wybrane nowe podsystemy, które są eksploatowane od kilku lat. Na podstawie analizy funkcjonujących podsystemów zdefiniowano wymagania dotyczące przyszłościowych podsystemów. Nowe podsystemy pozwolą na zwiększenie roli transportu intermodalnego, zwłaszcza w przewozie naczep siodłowych w Polsce i Europie.

EN

The article presents the intermodal transport subsystems that are commonly operated at present and a selection of new subsystems that have been in operation for several years. Based on the analysis of the subsystems in operation, requirements for future subsystems were defined. The new subsystems will allow increase role of intermodal transport, in particular in the carriage of semi-trailers in Poland and Europe.

5

Development of intermodal transport by organizing group purchasing of transports

Stwiarska Ewa

Journal of civil engineering and transport

|

2023

|

Vol. 5, No. 3

31--44

EN

The purpose of the article is to recognize the contexts of intermodal transport development in Poland, with particular recognition of the factor of group purchases of this service. The aim of the research is to find out the opinions of the participants of the logistics-transportation processes on the opportunities and threats to the development of intermodal transport, and to seek opinions on the introduction of a new entity responsible for group purchasing to the market. The article is divided into four chapters. The first chapter discusses legal and financial factors supporting the development of intermodal transport in the European Union. Examples are given of countries that have made the most of this support and have good practices of their own for activating this multi-branch form of transportation. The second chapter, using secondary data, presents the dynamics of intermodal transport development in Poland. The third chapter presents the methodology of own research. Collecting and processing primary data, threats and opportunities for the development of the multi-branch form of transport in Poland were identified, and the results are presented in the four chapter. The results of own research clearly indicate the need to eliminate barriers to the development of multimodal transport in Poland (including by appointing bodies organizing transport purchases).

PL

Celem artykułu jest rozpoznanie kontekstów rozwoju transportu intermodalnego w Polsce, ze szczególnym rozpoznaniem czynnika jakim są zakupy grupowe tej usługi. Celem badawczym jest poznanie opinii uczestników procesów logistycznego – transportowego na temat szans i zagrożeń dla rozwoju transportu intermodalnego i zasięgnięcie opinii na temat wprowadzenia na rynek nowego podmiotu odpowiadającego za zakupy grupowe. Artykuł podzielono na cztery rozdziały. W pierwszym rozdziale omówiono czynniki prawne i finansowe wspierające rozwój transportu intermodalnego w Unii Europejskiej. Podano przykłady krajów, które najpełniej wykorzystały to wsparcie i mają dobre własne praktyki aktywizowania tej wielogałęziowej formy transportu. W drugim rozdziale wykorzystując dane wtórne przedstawiono dynamikę rozwoju transportu intermodalnego w Polsce. Rozdział trzeci przedstawia metodykę badań władnych. Gromadząc i przetwarzając dane pierwotne zidentyfikowano zagrożenia i szanse dla rozwoju wielogałęziowej formy transportu w Polsce, a wyniki zaprezentowano w rozdziale czwartym.

6

Methodological aspects of risk mapping in multimode transport systems

Kukulski Jacek, Lewczuk Konrad, Góra Ignacy, Wasiak Mariusz

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

|

2023

|

Vol. 25, no. 1

art. no. 19

EN

Efficient transport solutions are based on multimodal systems, with the dominant role of rail and road transport in land versions of the systems and the connecting and directing part of intermodal terminals, transhipment terminals or warehouse centres. The implementation of transport processes is always associated with the risk of lack of timeliness (quality) or threats to people, equipment and cargo (safety) resulting from human, technical, organizational and global factors like pandemics or war. The article contains a risk mapping method in multimodal transport systems configured to estimate the risk of lowering the quality of logistics services (on-time deliveries, etc.). The method combines factors usually considered separately in studies on individual modes of transport. A formal notation of risk factors as a mathematical model was proposed, and a case study was provided to picture the implementation.

7

Good practices in the cargo preparation process in intermodal transport

Warczek Jan, Wójak Rafał

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

|

2022

|

z. 115

193--210

EN

Increasing exports of goods between countries over long distances and increasing amounts of cargo generated by ports and transported on roads and railways require the organization of cargo transportation using several modes of transport, forcing the construction of places (container terminals) where it is possible to reload them to other means of transportation. An important aspect of cargo transportation by intermodal transport is its proper securing with the use of properly selected packaging and a loading unit. This article shows how to properly prepare cargo for transport. It also presents a diagram of the correct calculations of the permissible masses that may be in the container during transport to prevent overloading of the container and evenly distribute the load so that the reloading devices located in container terminals are not damaged during reloading to another mode of transport. Therefore, appropriate securing of the load against its displacement and damage was also selected.

8

Business environment of rail transport in the context of the value chain

Krześniak Mirosław, Jacyna Marianna, Pryciński Piotr, Murawski Jakub, Bańka Michał

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

|

2022

|

z. 116

179--195

EN

The value chain can be defined as a set of all processes and procedures necessary to deliver a product or service to the end-user through various stages of development. A concept of the value chain is essential in the context of transport, as the transport process is usually one of the last elements of the value chain and determines the final value of a product or service offered. In recent years, the domestic and international rail transport market has undergone significant changes, including ongoing globalisation processes, growing importance of international trade, increase in intermodal transport significance, numerous investment outlays in transport infrastructure, means of transport, and the area of rail transport interoperability. All the above-described aspects have an impact on the value chain in transport. This paper presents an analysis of the value chain in transport processes in an aspect of rail transport. Elements of the railway transport organisation process, which affect the entire value chain, were briefly characterised in this article. Moreover, based on statistical data and a literature review, factors that fundamentally impact the efficient organisation of rail transport processes were identified.

9

Intermodal rail transport in selected European countries

Orczyk Małgorzata, Nowaczyk Tomasz, Urbański Patryk

Pojazdy Szynowe

|

2022

|

Nr 3-4

60--65

EN

Paper presents analysis of intermodal rail transport in selected loading units. The brief description of the loading units is presented. The volume of intermodal rail transport of load units in European countries in 2021 is shown, taking into account mass of transported goods, transport performance and average transport distance. Goods in the intermodal transport are carried out in container, swap bodies, semi-trailers and road sets. The most frequently used loading unit is the container. Semi-trailers is the most often used loading unit in road freight transport. However, semitrailers are rarely used in intermodal transport in most European countries. In the case of Poland, the share of intermodal transport of containers and swap bodies by rail constitutes a significant share in the European market, however, the transport of semi-trailers and road sets is still a ratherunpopular form of transport compared to other European countries.

10

Zastosowanie lokomotywy dwunapędowej typu 111DE w transporcie intermodalnym

Pietrzkiewicz Hubert, Domagała Radomir, Michalak Piotr

Zeszyty Naukowo-Techniczne Stowarzyszenia Inżynierów i Techników Komunikacji w Krakowie. Seria: Materiały Konferencyjne

|

2021

|

Nr 2 (123)

305--314

PL

W ramach artykułu przedstawiono główne założenia Krajowego Programu Kolejowego i stan taborowy lokomotyw spalinowych i elektrycznych w Polsce. Artykuł zawiera opis rozwoju transportu intermodalnego w kraju oraz lokalizację największych terminali intermodalnych na terenie Polski. Zaprezentowany został również rozkład linii kolejowych w Polsce z podziałem na zelektryfikowane i niezelektryfikowane. Przedstawiono dwunapędową lokomotywę typu 111DE zaprojektowaną na potrzeby przewozów intermodalnych i pasażerskich wraz z jej podstawowymi danymi technicznymi i charakterystykami trakcyjnymi. Opisana lokomotywa dwunapędowa zbudowana została podczas realizacji projektu w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Inteligentny Rozwój nr POIR. 01.02.00-00-0191/16-00 pt. „Platforma lokomotyw z zaawansowanymi spalinowo-elektrycznymi (wielosystemowymi) układami napędowymi”, dofinansowywanego przez Narodowe Centrum Badań i Rozwoju. Wykonawcą powyższego projektu są Pojazdy Szynowe PESA Bydgoszcz S.A. i Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz – Instytut Pojazdów Szynowych „TABOR” w Poznaniu.

EN

The article presents the main assumptions of the National Railway Program and the rolling stock status of diesel and electric locomotives in Poland. The article describes the development of intermodal transport in the country and the location of the largest intermodal terminals in Poland. The dual-drive locomotive type 111DE designed for intermodal and passenger transport, along with its basic technical data and traction characteristics was presented as a part of the article. The described dual mode locomotive was realized within the Operational Program Intelligent Development No. POIR. 01.02.00-00-0191/16-00 entitled “Locomotive platform with advanced diesel-electric (multi-system) driving systems”, co-funded by the National Center for Research and Development. The contractor of the project is PESA Bydgoszcz S.A. Railroad Vehicles. and the Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Rail Vehicles „TABOR” in Poznań.

11

Transport intermodalny jako alternatywa dla przewozów wagonowych rozproszonych

Kruk Robert, Piwowar Beata, Ochociński Krzysztof

Zeszyty Naukowo-Techniczne Stowarzyszenia Inżynierów i Techników Komunikacji w Krakowie. Seria: Materiały Konferencyjne

|

2021

|

Nr 2 (123)

211--217

PL

W artykule przedstawiono tendencję zmian w przewozach ładunków transportem kolejowym w Polsce w latach 2004 - 2020. Stwierdzono, że spadki przewozów ładunków masowych nie są rekompensowane zwiększeniem przewozów intermodalnych. W przewozach ładunków niemasowych istotną rolę odgrywa segment przewozów wagonowych rozproszonych. Jednak obecna organizacja tych przewozów nie jest konkurencyjna w stosunku do transportu drogowego. Alternatywą dla przewozów wagonowych rozproszonych ładunków niemasowych może być transport intermodalny, ale w formie sieciowej. Zaprezentowano sieciową organizację transportu intermodalnego z terminalami przeładunkowymi w relacji kolej – kolej. Sieciowa organizacja transportu intermodalnego powinna zwiększyć jego dostępność dla potencjalnych klientów transportu kolejowego, również tych, którzy obecnie korzystają z usług transportu drogowego.

EN

This paper presents the tendency of freight rail transport in Poland in the years 2004-2020. It was stated that the decrease in bulk transport is not compensated by the increase in intermodal transport. In non-bulk freight transport the segment of distributed wagon transport plays an important role. However, the current organization of these transports is not competitive with Road transport. An alternative to dispersed wagon transport of non-bulk cargo may be intermodal transport, but in a network form. A network organization of intermodal transport with rail-to-rail transhipment terminals is presented. Network organization of intermodal transport should increase its accessibility for potential customers of rail transport, including those who currently use road transport services.

12

Combined/intermodal transport – the global trends

Mindur Leszek

Transport Problems

|

2021

|

T. 16, z. 3

65--75

EN

This article presents the different intermodal transport systems in selected countries in the world, with an indication of their development and impact on environmental protection. The conducted research indicates much faster development of intermodal transport as compared to the transport of goods in other technologies. The studies were based on the latest obtainable statistics on intermodal transport from Asia, Europe, North America, and Australia. In all the cases examined, it is apparent that intermodal transport is supported by state authorities and international intermodal transport associations. The scientific and cognitive value of the article is expressed in the collection of a large number of materials, their systematization and generalization of conclusions. The literature on this subject lacks such comprehensive scientific studies, and this study will therefore clearly fill the research gap.

13

The prospects for growth of the intermodal transport in Poland

Smolnik Piotr

Quality Production Improvement - QPI

|

2021

|

Vol. 3, Iss. 1

53--62

EN

Intermodal transport has been one of the most supported forms of transport in the programs of EU transport policy and national conceptions of the policy. The effects of this support is still limited. By 2030 it is expected to improve the competitive position of intermodal transport in mature markets with innovation and technological progress and organizational. Intermodal transport market in Poland is a young market, which is characterized by a small, but steady growth. An increase in this type of transport in the overall transport of goods , but the share of intermodal transport performance in freight transport performance in Poland amounts to less than 5 % ( the highest percentage of intermodal freight services characterized by foreign shipowners FTP sea-about 14 %). In this article, the author analyzes the current conditions shaping the intermodal transport market, and defines the areas in which it is necessary to implement changes and innovations that enable the sustainable development of the intermodal market in Poland. The strategic objective of the development of intermodal transport in Poland is to create favorable conditions for the technical, legal, organizational , economic and financial implications for the dynamic development of the intermodal transport system , so that their share of rail transport in 2020 reached the average level of the European Union in 2000, such as 10-15 % in terms of tonnage. (Tomasz Szmid 2012) The condition of the available infrastructure and various instruments, including financial ones, ensuring increased availability of intermodal services are also of decisive importance.

14

Diagonal handling technology in the intermodal transport system

Nowaczyk Tomasz, Medwid Marian, Orczyk Małgorzata

Pojazdy Szynowe

|

2021

|

Nr 1

1--9

EN

An innovative solution of the new intermodal transport system used to carry standardsemitrailers is presented in this paper. The basic components of the system structure are shown. The stages of loading semi-trailers in the horizontal handling technology and benefits connected with this type of handling are described. The presented technology is able to compete with German and French solution like CargoBeamer or Modalohr due to the automation of forming the set of train and other advantages. The construction of the wagon and the loading structure have been applied for patent protection in the Polish Patent Office.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono innowacyjne rozwiązanie nowego systemu transportu intermodalnego służącego do przewozu standardowych naczep drogowych. Zaprezentowano podstawowe składowe struktury systemu. Opisano etapy załadunku naczep drogowych w technologii poziomej oraz związane z tym rodzajem przeładunku zalety. W związku z automatyzacją procesu formowania składu pociągu oraz innymi zaletami prezentowana technologia jest w stanie konkurować z rozwiązaniami niemieckimi i francuskimi jak CargoBeamer czy Modalohr. Konstrukcja wagonu oraz struktury przeładunkowej zostały zgłoszone do ochrony patentowej w Urzędzie Patentowym RP.

15

Decision support for the intermodal terminal layout designing

Szczepański Emilian, Jacyna Marianna, Jachimowski Roland, Vašek Rostislav, Nehring Karol

Archives of Civil Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 67, nr 2

611--630

EN

The article presents the issue of container handling processes at a rail-road intermodal terminal. In the article, we have focused on the problem of a terminal layout design from the point of view of parking lots for external trucks. The main purpose of this article is the assessment of the necessary parking lots for the trucks considering daily turnover of containers and the trucks appointment time windows. We analyze how the length of the truck’s appointment time windows as well as the difficulties in containers loading operations and a number of handling equipment influence the necessary parking lots for trucks in the intermodal terminal. The trucks planned for loading of import containers may arrive at the terminal before the loading moment that is specified in crane operations schedule. The container handling time is given by a probability distribution. The equations defining the most important elements of the considered problem were presented in the general form. The special case of this model has been developed in the FlexSim simulation software. Based on the simulation research and calculations we pointed out that right truck’s appointment time windows can significantly reduce necessary parking lots at the yard. The literature analysis presented in the article indicates that most of the research in the field of intermodal terminal is focused on operations in container ports. There is lack of literature considering rail-road terminal layout planning in terms of the necessary parking lots and truck’s appointment time windows.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienie procesów obsługi kontenerów w kolejowo-drogowym terminalu intermodalnym. W artykule skupiono się na problemie projektowania układu terminali z punktu widzenia niezbędnych parkingów dla pojazdów ciężarowych dowożących/odwożących kontenery do/z terminala. Głównym celem artykułu jest wyznaczenie niezbędnej liczby miejsc parkingowych dla ciężarówek, biorąc pod uwagę dzienny obrót kontenerów, a także okna czasowe awizacji pojazdów ciężarowych. Analizowano, w jaki sposób szerokość okien czasowych awizacji pojazdów ciężarowych a także trudności w operacjach załadunku kontenerów i liczba urządzeń przeładunkowych wpłyną na niezbędną liczbę miejsc parkingowych dla pojazdów ciężarowych na placu terminala intermodalnego. Założono, że ciężarówki planowane do załadunku kontenerów importowych mogą przybyć do terminalu przed momentem załadunku określonym w harmonogramie pracy suwnicy. Założono również, że czas przeładunku kontenera wynika z rozkładu prawdopodobieństwa. Równania definiujące najważniejsze elementy rozważanego problemu zostały przedstawione w formie ogólnej. Badane problem zamodelowano w narzędziu symulacyjnym FlexSim. Na podstawie badań symulacyjnych i przedstawionych obliczeń wskazano, że właściwe ustalenie okien czasowych awizacji pojazdów ciężarowych może znacznie zmniejszyć liczbę potrzebnych miejsc parkingowych na terminalu. Analiza literatury przedstawiona w artykule wskazuje, że większość badań w obszarze terminali intermodalnych koncentruje się na optymalizacji operacji w portach kontenerowych. Brakuje literatury na temat układu terminali intermodalnych z punktu widzenia liczby niezbędnych miejsc parkingowych dla pojazdów ciężarowych.

16

New ideas for inland intermodal transport

Illés Béla, Véha Antal, Vida Laszlo

Transport Problems

|

2020

|

T. 15, z. 1

117--130

EN

This article focuses on the competitive disadvantages of existing intermodal rail-road transport compared with road transport. The authors state that the domestic and continental combined freight transport system can be competitive in terms of both time and price with road freight transport. The new container transshipment device contributes to a new terminal structure on the freight rail-road transport market, considering environment protection requirements, and the concept has helped the logistics sector to become cost competitive. The scientific novelty is that the container transshipment robot enables new technical and organizational technology solutions for combined rail-road intermodal freight transport.

17

Innowacyjne rozwiązania w transporcie kontenerów

Zielaskiewicz Henryk

Przegląd Komunikacyjny

|

2020

|

R. 75, nr 6/7/8

4--8

PL

W artykule przedstawiono historyczne ujęcie rozwoju technologii transportowej jaką jest kontener. Wskazano jakie rozwiązania są obecnie stosowane na terminalach aby skracać czas obsługi jednostek intermodalnych oraz zapewnić wzrost efektywności operacji manipulacyjnych. Przedstawiono inteligentne kontenery, które wyposażone są w liczne czujniki, które m.in. mogą śledzić trasę przejazdu kontenera. Autor przybliżył jakie działania są obecnie prowadzone przez organizacje rządowe i międzynarodowe w celu zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa ładunku podczas operacji transportowych. Zasygnalizowano kierunki zmian w zakresie konstrukcji kontenerów i systemów wspomagania informatycznego oraz jak branża logistyczna reaguje i powinna postępować w dobie rozprzestrzeniania się koronawirusa w przypadku kiedy wiele strategii firm będzie zrewidowanych o nowe zachowania konsumenckie.

EN

The article presents a historical perspective on the development of transport technology, i.e. a container. It was indicated what solutions are currently used on terminals in order to shorten the service time of intermodal units and ensure an increase in the efficiency of handling operations. Intelligent containers are presented, which are equipped with numerous sensors, which include can follow the route of the container. The author outlined what activities are currently carried out by governmental and international organizations to ensure cargo safety during transport operations. The directions of changes in the design of containers and IT support systems have been signaled, and how the logistics industry reacts and should proceed in the era of the spread of the coronavirus in the event that many companies' strategies will be revised with new consumer behavior

18

The importance of intermodal transport in Poland in the context of sustainable development

Czapiewska Gabriela

Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG

|

2020

|

nr 23(3)

69--83

EN

Sustainable development is becoming a paradigm of civilisation changes of the contemporary world. Transport must be sustainable in the light of the challenges ahead. One of the most forward-looking types of transport, in terms of economy and ecology, namely intermodal transport, i.e., transport which uses more than one mode of transportation, has been recently gaining in importance. The purpose of this article is to present the role and importance of intermodal transport in Poland in the context of sustainable development. The first part of the study concentrates on the analysis of the issue of intermodal transport development, taking into account the assumptions of the policy of sustainable development. The further part of the study presents the essence of intermodal transport and its development potential in Poland, identifying the basic advantages and barriers in this area. The author has indicated the conditions that have shaped intermodal transport market and defined areas where changes and innovations need to be put in place to enable sustainable development of the intermodal market in the country. Intermodal transport is still struggling with many barriers, but the increasingly better infrastructure and policies of the European Union, which creates sustainable transport, have a positive impact on the growth of transport cohabitation. Based on the results of the conducted research, it can be concluded that there are both favourable external conditions and prospects for the intermodal transport development in Poland.

19

Genesis of intermodal transport

Nowaczyk Tomasz

Pojazdy Szynowe

|

2020

|

Nr 1

42--48

EN

The article presents a short history of intermodal transport, combining the different transport systems using the same loading unit, starting from the transport lines from the end of the 18th century. The original structures for the transport of containers and semi-trailers are presented.

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano krótką historię transportu intermodalnego, łączącego różne systemy przewozów przy użyciu tej samej jednostki ładunkowej, począwszy od linii transportowych z końca XVIII wieku. Przedstawiono pierwotne konstrukcje do przewozu kontenerów oraz naczep siodłowych.

20

The New Silk Road : opportunities for global supply chains and challenges for further development

Wagener Norbert, Aritua Bernard, Zhu Tong

LogForum

|

2020

|

Vol. 16, no. 2

193--207

EN

Background: Efforts to revive the New Silk Route from Europe to Asia have been on-going since the late 1970s. However, the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) of the PR China in 2013 has given new impetus to Europe-Asia connectivity. Between 2014 and 2018 the number of block trains between China and Europe (including Russia) increased from 298 to 4,982 per year. Will this trend continue? Which bottlenecks and challenges appear? What are opportunities for respective countries, policy makers, shippers and logistics operators? The paper contributes to the scientific question of further and sustainable segmentation of intermodal transport markets in the context of global supply chains. Methods: Based on a literature review and interviews with logistics operators and shippers the authors analyze the present design and operational parameters of the intermodal land bridge traffic system, major challenges and bottlenecks and propose measure how to enable further growth and to improve the sustainability of this traffic. Results: Main issues of the further development of the New Silk Road Europe China are technological innovations, digitalization of supply chains, optimizing of intermodal transport and gateway concepts, corridor management and new trading patterns with e-commerce. Conclusions: Although this intermodal land bridge connection will likely continue to be a niche market, it offers considerable transit time and cost savings for specific types of freight where air freight is too expensive and maritime logistics is too slow. At higher freight costs compared with the sea freight and lower fares than air cargo this is especially interesting for high value cargo and the Northern provinces of China; also for opportunities in Central Asia, and the Caucasus. The new transport route promotes not only investments into production sites for export at locations in the Northern provinces but also opens new opportunities for European exports of industrial goods and FMCG for the growing middle class in China. The total logistics costs from the viewpoint of a shipper can be more competitive via land bridge than via sea. Both production and distribution networks of large companies (e.g. BASF, HP, BMW) and small and medium sized companies (here especially through e-commerce) can benefit from a further integration of markets and globalization of supply chains.

PL

Wstęp: Próby stworzenia Nowego Jedwabnego Szlaku z Europy do Azji są podejmowane praktycznie bez przerwy od lat 70-tych XX wieku. Jednak dopiero utworzenie inicjatywy Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) przez Chiny w 2013 zdynamizowały stworzenie połączenia między Europą a Azją. W okresie 2014 do 2018 ilość transportów szynowych pomiędzy Chinami a Europą (włączając Rosję) wzrosła z 298 do 4982 rocznie. Czy trend ten będzie utrzymany? Jakie są ograniczenia i wyzwania? Jakie są możliwości dla współudziałowców (krajów), twórców polityki, przewoźników i operatorów logistycznych? Praca ta jest naukowym pytaniem dotyczącym dalszej segmentacji transportu intermodalnego w kontekście globalnych łańcuchów dostaw. Metody: W oparciu o przegląd literatury naukowej oraz wywiadów przeprowadzonych z operatorami logistycznymi i przewoźnikami, przeanalizowano projektowe i operacyjne parametry system intermodalnych transportów, główne wyzwania i ograniczenia oraz zaproponowano środki umożliwiające przyszłościowy wzrost i zrównoważony rozwój tego typu transportu. Wyniki: Głównymi czynnikami umożliwiającymi dalszy rozwój Nowego Jedwabnego Szlaku Europa Chiny są nowacje technologicznego, cyfryzacja łańcuchów dostaw, optymalizacja transportu intermodalnego i koncepcji bram, zarządzanie korytarzami oraz nowe metody handlu oparte o e-handel. Wnioski: Jakkolwiek intermodalne połączenia lądowe pozostaną na razie zapewne rynkiem niszowym, to oferują one istotną oszczędność czasu tranzytu oraz ponoszonych kosztów w przypadku specyficznych typów ładunków, dla których fracht lotniczy jest zbyt drogi a morski zbyt wolny. Szczególnie północne prowincje Chin są zainteresowane tym typem transportu o aczkolwiek wyższych kosztach w stosunku do transportu morskiego ale niższych niż w przypadku transportu lotniczego. Jest to również wielka możliwość dla Centralnej Azji i Kaukazu. Nowe szlaki transportowe promująinwestycje nie tylko w obszary produkcyjne eksportowe dla lokalizacji w północnych prowincjach ale także otwierają nowe możliwości dla eksporterów europejskich dóbr przemysłowych oraz FMCG skierowanych do konsumentów z rosnącej klasy średniej w Chinach. Całkowite koszty logistyczne z punktu widzenia wysyłającego mogą być bardziej konkurencyjne w przypadku trasy lądowej aniżeli trasy morskiej. Duże korporacje zarówno produkcyjne jak i dystrybucyjne (np. BASF, HP, BMW) jak również firmy małej i średniej wielkości (szczególnie korzystające z możliwości e-handlu) mogą wiele zyskać na dalszej integracji rynków oraz globalizacji łańcuchów dostaw.