BazTech - Yadda

1

Biogeochemical Principles of Plant Product Quality in Agrolandscapes with Typical Chernozems

Yehorova Tetiana, Palapa Nadiya, Nagorniuk Oksana, Sobczyk Wiktoria

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 10

304--316

EN

Peculiarities of formation, distribution and fertility of typical chernozems on the territory of Europe as a whole and within the agricultural lands of Ukraine were given. It is noted that the existing agro-industrial characteristics of agricultural products least reflect the quality of raw materials and therefore are not analyzed as a factor influencing public health. The relevance of biogeochemical research of food (agricultural) raw materials and the introduction of new criteria for its quality were outlined. The purpose of the presented research was to expand the quality indicators of agricultural products on the basis of topical structure of agricultural landscapes and biogeochemical criteria for evaluating "typical chernozems – cereals and vegetables" systems. A system of biogeochemical parameters and quality criteria of plant products containing two components has been developed. The first component is the spatial differentiation of natural and agro-technological features of agrolandscapes (systems of rocks-typical chernozems-cultures), which highlight the prevalence of nutrients in bedrock, particle size distribution of typical chernozems and the ratio of their prevalence within the administrative regions of Ukraine. There are 12 groups of agricultural landscapes that differ in these features. A set of biogeochemical parameters for the distribution of essential elements in the components of the agricultural landscape, criteria for their ecological balance and impact on the quality of agricultural raw materials.Implementation of the proposed criteria for the quality of agricultural products was carried out on the territories of two agrolandscapes of typical chernozems in the Kyiv and Poltava regions.It was established that the physico-chemical balance of Zn, Cu and excess Mo in the rocks and soils of the agro-landscape of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe is not consistent with biogeochemical deficiency of copper and, in part, zinc in cereals (oats). The physico-chemical balance of Zn, Cu in the soils of the agro-landscape of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe does not agree with the biogeochemical deficiency of zinc in vegetable crops (potatoes, carrots, and beets). On the basis of the biogeochemical criteria for the distribution of Zn, Cu, Mo in agricultural landscapes, the proposed territorial measures to improve the quality of grain and vegetable products to prevent copper and zinc "hidden hunger" in the population.

2

Benthic diffusive fluxes of organic and inorganic carbon, ammonium and phosphates from deep water sediments of the Baltic Sea

Lengier Monika, Szymczycha Beata, Brodecka-Goluch Aleksandra, Kłostowska Żaneta, Kuliński Karol

Oceanologia

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2021

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No. 63 (3)

370--384

EN

In this study, Baltic Sea sediments, as a source of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ammonium (NH4+), and phosphates (PO43-), were investigated based on samples obtained in 2017 and 2018, shortly after a sequence of inflows from the North Sea that occurred between 2014 and 2017. Two different data sets (I and II) were used to assess benthic diffusive fluxes and thus elucidate both the temporal conditions at the time of sampling (data set I) and the diffusion potential of the sediments (data set II). The estimated fluxes were characterized by a high spatial variability within the whole Baltic Sea and ranged between −0.01 and 3.33 mmol m−2 d−1 for DIC, −0.02 and 0.44 mmol m−2 d−1 for DOC, −40.5 and 1370.1 µmol m−2 d−1 for NH4+, and −5.9 and 60.9 µmol m−2 d−1 for PO43-. The estimated benthic diffusive fluxes indicated a high potential for DIC, DOC, NH4+, and PO43- release from Baltic Sea sediments. The high O2 concentrations in the water column of the Gulf of Bothnia together with major Baltic inflows (MBIs) bringing oxygenated seawater to the Baltic Proper and to some extent the Eastern Gotland Basin regulate the amounts of chemicals released from the sediment. Our study showed that a sequence of inflows has greater impact on the diminution of diffusive fluxes than does a single MBI and that the sediments of the Baltic Proper, even under the influence of inflows, are an important source of C, N, and P (159 kt yr−1 for DIC+DOC, 6.3 kt yr−1 for N- NH4+ and 3.7 kt yr−1 for P-PO43-) that should be considered in regional budget estimations.

3

Significance of nutrient fluxes via submarine groundwater discharge in the Bay of Puck, southern Baltic Sea

Szymczycha Beata, Kłostowska Żaneta, Lengier Monika, Dzierzbicka-Głowacka Lidia

Oceanologia

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2020

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No. 62 (2)

117--125

EN

In this study, we collected submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and seawater samples at six sites in the Bay of Puck, in the southern Baltic Sea, in order to estimate the nutrient distribution in groundwater affected areas. In addition, we estimated nutrient fluxes via SGD, including both fresh SGD (FSGD) and recirculated seawater SGD (RSGD), to the entire Bay of Puck. Phosphate (PO43−) concentrations varied significantly among study sites and seasons, while both ammonium (NH4+) and nitrates (NO3−) concentrations varied only seasonally. The N:P ratio indicated P limitation in most of the samples. The estimated seasonal and annual loads, via SGD, of both dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN; 9303 t yr−1) and PO43− (950 t yr−1), were the most significant source of nutrients to the Bay of Puck, and notably higher than quantified before (FSGD nutrient loads of 50 t yr−1 and 56 t yr−1 for DIN and PO43−, respectively). The SGD fluxes reported here indicate some of the highest rates of sediment-water fluxes reported in the Baltic Sea. These results suggest that SGD (both FSGD and RSGD) should be considered as source of chemical substances to the marine environment.

4

Modeling of solubilization dynamics of manure organic matter and phosphorus as a function of pH control and enzyme supplementation

Gungor K., Alkan-Ozkaynak A., Karthikeyan K. G., Evrendilek F., Gunasekaran S.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 42, nr 2

155--170

EN

The potential use of commercial enzyme and pH control has been investigated for enhancing dairy manure fermentation and modeling dissolved organic matter and orthophosphate (PO4-P) dynamics of fermenters. Anaerobic lab-scale batch fermenters (initial total solids concentration (TSo) = 3.8 wt. %) were fed with separated dairy manure solids and operated under pH controls (5 and 9.5). The enzyme-supplemented alkaline fermenters clearly outperformed the acidic fermenters in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) solubilization: ca. 50% vs. 20%, respectively. Soluble PO4-P in the acidic fermenters was comparably higher but constituted less than 20% of total phosphorus. Better soluble COD (>80%) and soluble PO4-P (>70%) yields were noted for the dilute fermenters (TSo = 0.6–0.8 wt. %). An existing model was retrofitted, calibrated and validated for simulating dynamics of soluble COD, volatile fatty acids, and soluble orthophosphate under various pH and enzyme conditions.

5

Characteristics of natural organic matter removed from water along with its treatment

Urbanowska A., Kabsch-Korbutowicz M.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 42, nr 2

183--195

EN

The object of this study was to examine the nature of natural organic matter (NOM) removed on each stage of water treatment train used in the “Mokry Dwór” Wrocław Water Treatment Plant (WTP) and to compare obtained results with water treatment efficiencies achieved with the use of membrane ultrafiltration, ion-exchange and UF/ion-exchange integrated processes. In the experiments fractional analysis with the use of polymeric resins (DAX-8, XAD-4 and IRA-958) was used. Obtained results have shown that most (56%) of the raw water NOM was found in fraction characterized by presence of humic and fulvic acids (VHA and SHA fractions). VHA fraction made the most of DOC removed in examined water treatment train and coagulation was mainly responsible for this effect. Integrated process consisting of MIEX®DOC ion exchange and PES 10 kDa ultrafiltration turned out to be very effective at high molecular weight hydrophobic compounds removal from water being much less efficient with hydrophilic compounds.

6

Comparison of mineral and organic nitrogen forms in regulated and restored sections of a small lowland river

Zieliński P., Jekatierynczuk-Rudczyk E.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 40, nr 2

33--46

EN

The lower, ending part of a small lowland Rudnia River (RR) in NE Poland was restored in 1999 and transformed into a meandering river. In this study, a few years after the natural connection between the main channel and its historic floodplain was restored, we examined the impact of river channel restoration on nitrogen dynamics and its biogeochemistry. Data were collected over a period of a year at monthly intervals from two sections of the river located on the regulated and restored sections. Spatial and temporal variations in the occurrence of mineral (NH(+4), NO(-2), NO(-3) and organic forms of nitrogen were investigated. Much higher average concentrations of organic nitrogen forms were found in the water from the restored part of the river than in the regulated one. Mineral nitrogen contribution to the total nitrogen (TN) pool was the highest, and the total organic nitrogen (TON) to total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) ratio exceeded 2 mg•dm-3 in the restored river section. The seasonal trend in concentration of organic nitrogen forms for the restored section was higher and statistically significantly different from the data recorded at the regulated river section. Geological, hydrological, and biogeochemical factors caused elevated organic nitrogen concentrations in the water at the restored part. The most important environmental parameters for nitrogen dynamics are geological structure of river valley, formation and condition of river banks ecotone zone, and water retention time in the river channel. Results from this study suggest that properly restored lowland river floodplains can be effective nitrate sink for mineral forms of nitrogen.

7

Isotopic effects of suspended organic matter fluxes in the Solina reservoir (SE Poland)

Koszelnik P.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 35, nr 4

13-19

EN

The aim of the study was to describe the source and fate of lacustrine suspended organic matter on the basis of nitrogen and carbon isotope effects. During complete depletion of dissolved silica in epilimnion, the differences in nitrogen isotope between substrates and products show that a primary production of organic matter (OM) in the euphotic zone of the reservoir is stimulated by nitrates. Additionally, in the hypolimnion, the decomposition of OM occurs, which in the case of a high primary production may lead to oxygen depletion.

8

Riparian zones : where biogeochemistry meets biodiversity in management practice

Décamps H., Pinay G., Naiman R. J., Petts G. E., McClain M. E., Hillbricht-Ilkowska A., Hanley T. A., Holmes R. M., Quinn J., Gibert J., Planty Tabacchi A.-M., Schiemer F., Tabacchi E., Zalewski M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 1

3-18

EN

Riparian zones are well known for their inherent ecological properties related to biogeochemical cycles, biodiversity, and catchment management. The international MAB/UNESCO programme which was running between 1988 and 1998 was related to the land/water ecotones, mainly riparian zones. This article, inspired by this programme - seeks to highlight the role of riparian processes on biogeochemical cycles and biodiversity under different climatic conditions. Their role is investigated by focusing on: 1) the lateral ecotone between land and water systems, 2) their longitudinal corridor structure and, 3) the drywet cycles. This information is then used to suggest the value of riparian zones in landscape management. We emphasize the key roles of the ecotonal structure, longitudinal connectivity and timing of the occurrence of wet-dry cycles for riparian zones to process nitrate fluxes and to maintain high levels of biodiversity at the landscape scale. In the context of the worldwide transformations of flow regimes, the deterioration of water quality and loss of biodiversity, restoring riparian zones is both a key objective and a formidable challenge that implies envisioning the consequence of management actions on the long term, considering entire river basins, and paying attention to the other environmental, regional and global changes.

9

Biogeochemical functioning of hydrologically modified peatlands and its effect in eutrophication of freshwaters

Kruk M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2000

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Vol. 48, nr 2

103-161

EN

It has been found that, except for trace metals (Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd), peatlands having been hydrologically modified as a result of various anthropogenic activities do not play a barrier role for mineral elements incoming from the catchments and the atmosphere. In contrast, they may be a source of P compounds that additionally supply aquatic ecosystems. With use of multiple regression it has been revealed that eutrophication of peatlands and stream waters is favoured primarily by influks of biogenic elements from the catchments, dynamics of water storage by the peatland, amount and pH of precipitation, as well as by influence of numerous modifying ions. On a landscape scale, hydrologic changes of forest watersheds with peatlands, as well as deforestation and reduction of acreage of peat meadows in relation to arable lands are reasons of biogeochemical transformations of the lakeland landscape. Overall, these factors increase matter transfer from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems.