BazTech - Yadda

1

The Effect of Fertilizers on the Extraction of Heavy Metals and Arsenic in Soil by Plant Biomass

Kholikulov Shodi, Bobobekov Isomiddin, Abdurakhimov Mingjigit, Abdumalikov Jasurbek, Yakubov Tursunboy

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 1

227--237

EN

According to the data given in the article, the soil around the Samarkand chemical plant is strongly contaminated with heavy metals. The greatest pollution is noted within a radius of 1500–2000 meters from a chemical plant in the western and northern directions. In areas subject to the influence of heavy metals and arsenic, the use of mineral and organic fertilizers reduced the content of mobile forms of these elements in the soil and improved the growth and development of plants. As a result, crop yields increase, and the transfer of heavy metals into plants is reduced. The use of mineral and organic fertilizers in soils contaminated with these elements, along with increasing the yield of cotton, reduced the amount of element removed by the crop by 25–80% compared to the control variant. That is, in the variant where mineral and organic fertilizers were applied together (N250P175K125+ cattle manure, 30 t/ha), the largest reduction in the removal of these elements by the cotton crop was found in the cobalt (80%) and the lowest in the copper (25%).

2

Wpływ dawnego górnictwa rud polimetalicznych w Czarnowie na wybrane elementy środowiska przyrodniczego w świetle badań geochemicznych

Januszewska Anna, Siuda Rafał, Dembicz Iwona

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2023

|

Vol. 71, nr 4

179--183

EN

The exploitation of mineral resources can lead to the migration of potentially harmful substances into the natural environment, resulting in environmental degradation and pollution. The mining of polymetallic ores can have severe consequences due to the release of toxic elements such as arsenic (As) and heavy metals. Among the areas contaminated with toxic elements is the village of Czarnów in the Rudawy Janowickie mountains, where mining activities related to copper, arsenic, and gold extraction were likely initiated in the Middle Ages. This study aimed to investigate the geochemical anomalies of arsenic and heavy metals in the soil and their uptake by plants in this region. Portable XRF spectrometry was used to perform geochemical soil analyses in the former mining sites. The results showed clear geochemical anomalies in the arsenic and heavy metal content of soils, with concentrations exceeding permissible standards. The highest concentrations of As were found in the mining dumps, exceeding 100 000 ppm. Phytogeochemical analyses were conducted on raspberry leaves (Rubus idaeus) to determine the content of arsenic, lead, zinc, and copper using the ICP-MS method. The findings indicated that the high levels of individual elements found may pose a risk to the environment. The study demonstrates that even abandoned mining sites can be a source of pollution, and long-term monitoring of these areas is essential to mitigate their potential environmental impact.

3

Spatial distribution of arsenic in surface sediments of the southern Baltic Sea

Szubska Marta, Bełdowski Jacek

Oceanologia

|

2023

|

Vol. 65 (2)

423--433

EN

Arsenic is a ubiquitous chemical element, occurring naturally worldwide. Yet due to its global cycle, its concentrations in the marine environment are manifold higher than the terrestrial background and may pose harm to biota. This is especially relevant for the Baltic Sea, which is very susceptible to any kind of pollution. Arsenic transported to the sea is adsorbed on iron oxides or precipitating as flocculating particulates and finally bounded in sediments. Therefore, despite the contemporary emission cuts, the existing pollution remains or constantly circulates in marine habitats. The purpose of the research was to recognize the spatial distribution of arsenic in the surface sediments of the southern parts of the Baltic Sea. The number of 483 samples allowed us to prepare reliable interpolation of arsenic contents in surface sediments. Although arsenic concentrations in the Baltic Sea can be considered low, in particular areas the levels are significantly higher. The observed arsenic concentrations distribution pattern could be mostly explained by natural transportation and accumulation bottom-type distribution.

4

Dual Application of Al-Kheriat of Removal of Arsenic from Aqueous Solution and Acting as Rodenticide

Al-Jendeel Haider Abdulkareem, Rasheed Hala Abdulkareem, Ahmedzeki Nada Sadoon, Alhassani Maha Hadi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 4

16--26

EN

Arsenic is a prevalent and pervasive environmental contaminant with varied amounts in drinking water. Arsenic exposure causes cancer, cardiovascular, liver, nerve, and ophthalmic diseases. The current study aimed to find the best conditions for eliminating arsenic from simulated wastewater and their effect on biomarkers of hepatic in mice. Adsorption tests including pH, contact duration, Al-kheriat dosage, and arsenic concentrations were evaluated. Seventy-two healthy albino mice (male) were accidentally allocated into nine groups (n = 8), the first group was considered as healthy control, the second group (AL-Kheriat), and other groups received AL-Kheriat and arsenic 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 175 mg/kg, respectively. Next 10 days, the following were examined: LD50 level, ALP (alkaline phosphatase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), and AST (aspartate aminotransferase), besides the histological condition of the liver. The results showed that the best time for arsenic removal was 4 hours, pH 8, Alkheriat dose 1 gram, and 50 ppm of pollutants. The level of alkaline phosphatase ALP, alanine transaminase ALT, and aspartate transaminase AST was increased to 150.96 (U/L), 143.1(U/L), and 32.8(U/L), respectively, in Al-Khriet and arsenic exposed population than the healthy control group, When the appropriate dose of Al-Khriet and arsenic mixture is used, it can aid in the selection of a safe way of disposing of the adsorbed residue. Additionally, it can serve as a low-cost rodent pesticide, increasing the commercial viability of this removal strategy.

5

Statistical Analysis of Selected Coal Charateristics and Toxic Compounds for FGX Air-Vibrating Separation

Mijał Waldemar, Niedoba Tomasz, Polek Daria, Baic Ireneusz, Blaschke Wiesław

Inżynieria Mineralna

|

2023

|

no. 2, vol. 1

377--387

EN

Dry beneficiation methods were popular in the first part of the 20th century. In the 1930s, before World War II, dry separators were used more commonly in the United States. Currently, this method is very popular in China, the United States, India, Russia and other places where its implementation is possible. In Poland, by contrast, dry separation still remains uncommon. However, during the last 30 years, dry separators have started to be more commonly used in coal beneficiation. One example of this type of separator might be the FGX air-vibrating separator. This type of separator uses air suspension to separate heavier particles (tailings) from lighter coal grains. The process of dry separation may depend on various parameters, e.g. particle size fraction, air supply, feed parameters, etc.. This paper describes the mathematical model which shows the scope for using this separation method for coal beneficiation. Mathematical models are based on dependencies between calorific value and ash content in the samples tested as well as relations between arsenic, thallium, mercury, lead and other coal characteristics. The latter parameters are of vital importance as Polish emission standards do not have any limits for the elements mentioned above (arsenic, thallium, mercury and lead).

PL

Suche metody wzbogacania były popularne w pierwszej połowie XX wieku. Separatory suche były używane zwłaszcza przed II Wojną Światową w latach 30-ych w USA. Obecnie, metoda ta jest bardzo popularna w Chinach, USA, Indiach, Rosji oraz w innych miejscach, gdzie możliwe jest jej zastosowanie. W Polsce proces ten jest wciąż bardzo mało popularny. Podczas ostatnich 30 lat systemy wzbogacania węgla zaczęły szerzej korzystać z separatorów suchych a przykładem bardzo popularnego urządzenia tego typu jest FGX – wibracyjny stół powietrzny. Ten typ separatora korzysta z zawiesiny powietrznej w celu wydzielenia cięższych ziaren (odpadów) od lżejszych ziaren węgla. Sucha separacja może zależeć od różnych parametrów, tj. klasa ziarnowa, zasoby powietrza, parametry nadawy itp. Artykuł ten opisuje model matematyczny, który pokazuje możliwości zastosowania tej metody separacji przy wzbogacaniu węgla. Modele matematyczne oparte były na zależnościach pomiędzy wartością opałową oraz zawartością popiołu w testowanych próbkach, jak również na relacjach pomiędzy zawartościami arsenu, talu, rtęci, ołowiu i innych charakterystyk węgla. Ostatnie parametry są bardzo ważne ponieważ polskie standardy emisji nie zawierają limitów dla pierwiastków wymienionych powyżej, a więc arsenu, talu, rtęci oraz ołowiu.

6

Flotation of antimony ores with high arsenic content

Özer Mustafa

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

|

2022

|

Vol. 58, iss. 5

art. no. 152865

EN

Efficient evaluation of antimony ores, which are on the critical raw materials list due to the supply risk by the European Union, is an important necessity. In this context, ore preparation and enrichment processes are very important during the process from ore to metal. Especially for sulfide antimony ores, the most common beneficiation method is flotation. Therefore, antimony ore consisting of stibnite mineral obtained from Tokat-Turkey region was used in this study. Due to the low antimony (5.06%Sb) and the high Arsenic (1.38%As) content, it is an important requirement to increase the Sb content of this ore by flotation, as well as to reduce the As content to certain levels. Stibnite as an antimony mineral and arsenopyrite as arsenic mineral, are minerals that have a sulphurous structure in mineralization and their flotation properties are quite close to each other. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to selectively separate the bulk concentrate taken from rougher flotation by cleaning steps. A bulk sulfur concentrate with 24.54% Sb and 3.69% As content obtained as a result of the rougher flotation was obtained with a recovery of 98.9%. This product was subjected to 6 stages of cleaning flotation and a concentrate with a content of 63.8% Sb and 0.31% As was produced with an antimony recovery of 83% Sb.

7

Arsenate removal on the ion exchanger modified with cerium(III) ions

Dudek Sebastian, Kołodyńska Dorota

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

|

2022

|

Vol. 58, iss. 2

art. no. 147412

EN

The iron oxide ion exchanger Ferrix A33E was successfully modified with cerium(III) ions to obtain Ferrix A33E-Ce(III) providing much better sorption properties in relation to the As(V) species. The new material has been characterized using a number of techniques including scanning electron microscopy SEM, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS. At optimal pH 6 the main mechanism of arsenate adsorption on A33E-Ce(III) was electrostatic attraction and formation of monodentate and bidentate surface complexes. The process was exothermic and spontaneous. Unlike the unmodified ion exchanger, A33E-Ce(III) could completely remove arsenic from the arsenate solution at a concentration of 50 mg/dm3 in 60 minutes. Furthermore, the maximum sorption capacity for As(V) was determined to be 60.41 mg/g which almost doubled after modification with cerium(III) ions. It is also worth noting that even after three cycles of sorption/desorption A33E-Ce(III) exhibited a higher sorption capacity than unmodified A33E before the arsenate adsorption. It can be concluded that modifying the sorbent with a small amount of cerium(III) ions boosts its sorption properties significantly, improves effectiveness of water purification and reduces the overall operation cost

8

Adsorption behaviour of As(III) onto synthetic iron-based minerals: a comparative study of akaganeite, goethite and magnetite

Ulatowska Justyna.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

|

2022

|

Vol. 58, iss. 2

art. no. 144818

EN

The present study compares the adsorption capacity of iron-based minerals in removing As(III) from aqueous solutions. The work contains the results of studies carried out on a laboratory scale. The synthetic material was used in three forms as akaganeite, goethite and magnetite. To characterise the minerals before and after adsorption of As(III), specific surface area, particle size distribution, density, and zeta potential were determined. Additionally, digital and optical micrographs, SEM, and FTIR analyses were performed. In the experimental part, the influence of the main parameters on the adsorption efficiency was investigated (pH, initial concentration, contact time, and amount of adsorbent). Adsorption isotherms were fitted by Freundlich, Langmuir, and DubininRadushkevich models. Pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), and intraparticle diffusion (IPD) models were used to fit the kinetics data. Linear regression was used to estimate the parameters of isotherm and kinetic models. FTIR measurements gave helpful information on the synthesised minerals and the As(III) removal process. Results show that As(III) adsorption is related to the iron-based adsorbents, and adsorption efficiency increases in the following order: goethite < magnetite < akaganeite.

9

Speciation Analysis of Arsenic in Copper Electrolyte Baths Using Liquid-liquid Extraction and ICP-OES Method Detection

Stefanov Eduard, Georgieva Stela

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

|

2022

|

Vol. 67, iss. 2

607--613

EN

The present study describes a method for the determination of As (III) and As (V) in copper electrolytes. The method is based on the separation of As (III) from a copper electrolyte by triple liquid-liquid extraction using a non-polar organic solvent in a medium of 10-12 mol L-1 HCl. The extract contains As (III) and the raffinate-As (V), respectively. As(III) specie can be re-extracted from the organic solvent through the water. Analyzes of the concentration of As in the re-extract and raffinate were performed by ICP-OES spectroscopic method. The average recovery of arsenic by the proposed method is about 99%. Repeatability was estimated with RSD (n = 6). Selectivity and accuracy were proven by the standard addition method. The relative error for restoring the standard addition of As (III) is about 0.3%. The speciation method analysis could be applied for determination of the arsenic species in the analytical quality control of refined copper in copper tanks in the production of copper cathodes.

10

Occurrence of Arsenic in Food as a Current Health Concern®

Wierzbicka Elżbieta

Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego

|

2021

|

nr 2

194--206

EN

The health-related food quality is determined by, among others, the content of undesirable elements such as arsenic (As). It is a widespread environmental pollutant, naturally occurring in the earth’s crust and as a result of anthropogenic human activities. As is a metalloid that occurs as inorganic (iAs) and organic arsenic species. The inorganic forms of As are more toxic as compared to the organic arsenic. Most As compounds are water soluble, therefore there is also a high possibility of arsenic penetrating from rocks and soil into the hydrosphere, which to some extent also causes its inclusion in the food chain. Contaminated groundwater used for irrigation of crops, in particular rice, is a major source of exposure to iAs. This is especially important for consumers for whom rice is a staple food in their diet. In contrast, fish and other seafood contain the most of less toxic organic arsenic. Diet is the major route of As exposure, and rice and rice-based products are food groups with relatively high iAs levels. Dietary iAs exposure may have long-term effects on health. It is of particular importance to apply the requirements of EU legislation on maximum levels of iAs in rice and ricebased products, as well as to define these requirements in products for infants and young children. Inorganic arsenic contamination levels in food have decreased significantly in European countries over the past years. Current European exposures according to the EFSA Opinion of 2021 show no or little the margin of exposure (MoE) in relation to the lower confidence limit of the benchmark dose (BMDL). Based on this data, the potential health risk by iAs for certain infants and toddlers by the consumption of rice and rice-based products cannot be excluded. Therefore, it is necessary to control iAs levels in certain products, especially in infants and children, and individuals with celiac disease and/or gluten intolerance. As a result, this article presents potential health risks of exposure to arsenic as well as the occurrence and consumption of arsenic in rice and rice-based products, fish, fish products and seafood. Dietary exposure to iAs in light of the scientific opinion of EFSA and regulatory policies concerning As in food is also covered. Additionally, the effect of technological treatment on the reduction of iAs levels in rice is also presented.

PL

O jakości zdrowotnej żywności decyduje między innymi zawartość pierwiastków niepożądanych, takich jak arsen (As). Jest on szeroko rozpowszechnionym zanieczyszczeniem środowiskowym obecnym naturalnie w skorupie ziemskiej oraz na skutek antropogenicznej działalności człowieka. Arsen jest metaloidem występującym zarówno w formie nieorganicznych (iAs), jak i organicznych związków, przy czym formy iAs są bardziej toksyczne dla organizmu niż związki organiczne. Większość związków arsenu jest łatwo rozpuszczalna w wodzie, dlatego też istnieje duża możliwość przenikania arsenu ze skał i gleby do hydrosfery, co w pewnym stopniu powoduje również jego włączenie w łańcuch żywnościowy. Zanieczyszczone wody gruntowe wykorzystywane do nawadniania upraw, w szczególności ryżu, są głównych źródłem narażenia na iAs. Szczególnie ważne jest to w przypadku konsumentów, u których ryż w diecie jest podstawnym produktem. Ryby i inne owoce morza zawierają najwięcej mniej toksycznej formy arsenu. Dieta jest główną drogą narażenia na As, a ryż i produkty ryżowe stanowią grupę żywności o stosunkowo wysokim poziomie i As. Pobranie z dietą iAs może mieć wpływ na zdrowie w dłuższej perspektywie. Szczególne znaczenie ma objęcie wymaganiami w ustawodawstwie UE w zakresie najwyższych dopuszczalnych poziomów iAs w ryżu i produktach na bazie ryżu, jak również określenie tych wymagań w produktach dla niemowląt i małych dzieci. Poziomy za- nieczyszczenia iAs w żywności znacznie się zmniejszyły w krajach eu- ropejskich. Obecne narażenia w Europie według Opinii EFSA z 2021 roku wykazują brak lub niewielkie marginesy w stosunku do dolnej granicy ufności dawki referencyjnej (BMDL). Odnosząc się do tych danych margines narażenia (MoE) jest niewielki lub żaden, w związku z tym nie można wykluczyć możliwości wystąpienia ryzyka zdrowotnego spowodowanego przez iA w przypadku niektórych małych dzieci w wyniku spożycia produktów na bazie ryżu. Dlatego konieczne jest kontrolowanie poziomów iAs w żywności, szczególnie dla niemowląt i małych dzieci oraz osób z celiakią i/lub nietolerancją glutenu. W związku powyższym w niniejszym artykule przedstawiono potencjalne zagrożenia zdrowotne związane z narażeniem organizmu na As, jak również omówiono zawartość i pobranie As głównie z ryżem i produktami na bazie ryżu, rybami, przetworami rybnymi i owocami morza. Przedstawiono również wyniki oszacowania pobrania i As z żywnością w świetle opinii naukowej EFSA oraz regulacje prawne w zakresie maksymalnych dopuszczalnych limitów. Ponadto omówiono wpływ obróbki technologicznej na obniżenie w ryżu poziomu i As

11

Analiza wody w Rabe. Cz. 2, Pierwiastki śladowe: arsen - trucizna czy lek?

Adamska Monika, Pasztyła Grzegorz, Wachel Tomasz

LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania

|

2021

|

R. 26, nr 4

22--26

12

Arsenic removal through bio sand filter using different bio-adsorbents

Keerio Ghulam S., Keerio Hareef A., Ibuphoto Khalil A., Laghari Mahmood, Panhwar Sallahuddin, Talpur Mashooque A.

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2021

|

no. 48

11--15

EN

Arsenic is one of the most harmful pollutants in groundwater. In this paper, the Nepali bio sand filter (BSF) was modified with different bio-adsorbents, and proved to be an efficient method for arsenic removal from groundwater. Three different bio-adsorbents were used to modify the Nepali BSF. Iron nails and biochar BSF, ~96% and ~93% arsenic removal was achieved, within the range of WHO guidelines. In iron nails, BSF and biochar BSF ~15 dm3∙h–1 arsenic content water was treated. In the other two BSFs, rice-husk and banana peel were used, the arsenic removal efficiency was ~83% of both BSFs. Furthermore, the efficiency of rice-husk and banana peel BSFs can be increased by increasing the surface area of the adsorbent or by reducing the flow rate.

13

Study on removal of copper, tin and arsenic from iron ore, scrap and steel in the light of the latest state of metallurgical technology

Zdonek Bogdan, Różański Piotr, Borecki Mariusz, Stecko Janusz, Szypuła Ireneusz

Journal of Metallic Materials

|

2021

|

Vol. 73, no. 1

16--21

EN

The study investigates the ability to remove copper, tin and arsenic from iron ore, scrap and liquid steel based on the literature and thermodynamic calculations using the FactSage 7.2 software. Methods of removing Cu, Sn and As from iron-bearing materials, feasible in industrial conditions in the near term, were selected. Simulation tests with the use of the FactSage 7.2 software showed that under reduced pressure conditions Cu and Sn can be removed from the steel bath, while As evaporation is not possible. Laboratory tests were carried out, including the removal of Sn and Cu in the process of degassing of liquid steel in a deep vacuum in a vacuum induction furnace and the removal of Sn from iron ore in the sintering process. Under conditions of deep vacuum (below 40 Pa), high temperature (1670°C) and a correspondingly long vacuum treatment time (over 30 minutes), the efficiency of removing the copper and tin contents from the liquid steel of approximately 14 and 17% respectively was obtained. The iron ore sintering test with a high Sn content showed the effectiveness of reducing the Sn content during this process, amounting to approx. 30%.

PL

Zbadano możliwości usuwania miedzi, cyny i arsenu z rudy żelaza, złomu i ciekłej stali na podstawie literatury oraz termodynamicznych obliczeń za pomocą oprogramowania FactSage 7.2. Wybrano sposoby usuwania Cu, Sn i As z materiałów żelazonośnych możliwe do realizacji w warunkach przemysłowych w najbliższej perspektywie czasowej. Badania symulacyjne z zastosowaniem oprogramowania FactSage 7.2 wykazały, że w warunkach obniżonego ciśnienia można usunąć Cu i Sn z kąpieli stalowej, natomiast nie jest możliwe odparowanie As. Przeprowadzono próby laboratoryjne, obejmujące usuwanie Sn i Cu w procesie odgazowania ciekłej stali w głębokiej próżni w próżniowym piecu indukcyjnym oraz usuwanie Sn z rudy żelaza w procesie spiekania. W warunkach głębokiej próżni (poniżej 40 Pa), wysokiej temperatury (1670°C) i odpowiednio długiego czasu obróbki próżniowej (powyżej 30 minut) uzyskano skuteczności usunięcia zawartości miedzi i cyny w ciekłej stali, wynoszące odpowiednio około 14 i 17%. Próba spiekania rudy żelaza z wysoką zawartością Sn wykazała skuteczność zmniejszenia zawartości Sn w czasie tego procesu, wynoszącą ok. 30%.

14

Heavy Metals and Arsenic in Water, Sediment and the Muscle of Oncorhynchus Mykiss from the Tishgo River in the Central Andes of Peru

Condor Andrés, Custodio María, Chanamé Fernán, Cuadrado Walter, Peñaloza Richard

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 4

156--166

EN

The concentration of Cu, Pb, Zn and As in water, sediment and muscle of Oncorhynchus mykiss from the Tishgo river in the central Andes of Peru were analyzed. The water, sediment and fish samples were collected from 36 sites in three sampling sectors. The analytical determination was performed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean Pb concentrations in the water from the three sampling sectors showed significant differences (p < 0.05) which exceeded the values of the Peruvian standard and the WHO. The mean concentrations of Cu, Pb and As in sediment did not present significant differences (p > 0.05) in the three sectors evaluated. The redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the concentrations of As and Pb in water, and Cu, As and Zn in sediment significantly influence the concentration of these elements in the O. mykiss muscle. The mean concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn and As in the O. mykiss muscle were lower than those established by international regulations. Therefore, the concentrations of heavy metals and As recorded in this study do not represent a threat to the consumption of O. mykiss from the Tishgo river.

15

Heavy Metals and Arsenic in Soil and Cereal Grains and Potential Human Risk in the Central Region of Peru

Custodio María, Peñaloza Richard, Orellana Edith, Aguilar-Cáceres Manuel A., Maldonado-Oré Edith M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 1

206--220

EN

The objective of this study was to analyze the content of heavy metals and arsenic in soil and cereal grains as well as to evaluate the possible human risk in the central region of Peru. The soil samples of corn and barley grains were collected from seven agricultural zones and the concentrations of Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn and As were determined with the method of atomic absorption flame spectrophotometry. PERMANOVA showed that the effect of the type of crop and the sampling zone significantly influence the concentrations of heavy metals and As in soil and corn and barley grains (p < 0.05). PCA for heavy metals and As in soil and grain samples of the cereals studied showed that the first two main components represented 81.03% and 94.77% of the total variance, respectively. Hazard Quotient (HQ) for ingestion was the most significant. The HQ values of Pb and As in crop soils indicated that detrimental health effects are unlikely (HQ < 1). The soil hazard index (HI) values of both crops did not exceed the threshold value of 1 (HI < 1). The carcinogenic risk level (CR) of As from ingestion of corn and barley crop soils contaminated by As was higher in children than in farmers and adults. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of As was higher in barley grains than in corn grains. The THQ of As exceeded the target value of 1 in 100% of the barley and corn sampling sites. The RC of As in grains exceeded the acceptable risk level of 10–6 in all sampling zones.

16

Evaluation of the Distribution of Heavy Metals and Arsenic in Inland Wetlands (Peru) Using Multivariate Statistical Methods

Custodio María, Peñaloza Richard

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, iss. 3

104--111

EN

Heavy metals in the environment circulate among the different compartments and can accumulate, convert into organic complexes and biomagnify in the food chain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution of heavy metals and arsenic in inland wetlands using multivariate statistical methods. Samples of water, sediment and aquatic vegetation were collected at 48 sampling sites established in the Paca and Tragadero lagoon wetlands. The determination of heavy metals and arsenic was carried out using the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. The decreasing order of heavy metal and arsenic concentration in sediment was Fe>Zn>Pb>As, in water it was Zn>Fe>Pb>As and in S. californicus it was Zn>Fe>Pb>As. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that there are significant differences in heavy metal and arsenic concentrations in sediment between ponds and between sampling sites. Generalized linear model (GLM) analysis on vegetables indicated that the concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic in the vegetable increase as a function of their concentration in sediment.

17

Zastosowanie zaawansowanych technik sprzężonych LC ICP DRC MS i UPLC ESI MS MS w analizie specjacyjnej arsenu w algach

Lorenc Wiktor, Kruszka Dariusz, Kachlicki Piotr, Kozłowska Justyna, Barałkiewicz Danuta

Analityka : nauka i praktyka

|

2021

|

nr 3

22--28

PL

Artykuł powstał na podstawie rozprawy doktorskiej Wiktora Lorenca pt.: Badanie specjacji pierwiastków toksycznych w próbkach żywności ciekłej i stałej technikami sprzężonymi LC ICP DRC MS i ESI MS MS nagrodzonej przez Komitet Chemii Analitycznej PAN w 2021 roku w konkursie na najlepsze prace doktorskie, nagroda ufundowana przez firmę MS Spektrum.

18

Termodynamiczne podstawy procesu usuwania arsenu z miedzi

Kucharski Marian

Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne Recykling

|

2020

|

R. 65, nr 7-8

3--11

PL

W pracy dokonano obliczeń aktywności arsenu w ciekłych stopach Cu-As w oparciu o dane eksperymentalne różnych autorów. Do obliczeń użyto zależności ciśnienia par arsenu nad arsenem w stanie stałym, którą wyznaczono wykorzystując dane literaturowe: [wzór matematyczny] ciśnienia parcjalne cząstek arsenu, które współistnieją w fazie gazowej. Arsen w stanie stałym był wykorzystywany jako źródło arsenu w fazie gazowej nad badanymi stopami Cu-As. W wysokich temperaturach, ciśnienie arsenu nad czystym ciekłym arsenem określano z zależności ustalonej w oparciu o dane literaturowe: [wzór matematyczny]. Obliczone za pomocą tych relacji współczynniki aktywności arsenu w miedzi różnią się od wartości podawanych przez autorów wykorzystanych prac. W oparciu o uzyskane, wyniki określono graniczne wartości współczynnika aktywności arsenu, które są większe od wartości podawanych w literaturze, co współgra ze stosunkowo niskimi wartościami (co do bezwzględnej wartości) entalpii mieszania roztworów Cu-As [33]. Proces usuwania arsenu z miedzi reprezentuje reakcja: [wzór matematyczny]. W pracy określoną stałą równowagi tej reakcji, która jest równa: [wzór matematyczny]. Stanem odniesienia dla aktywności tlenu w miedzi ( ) jest roztwór nieskończenie rozcieńczony [17]. Stała równowagi i graniczna wartość współczynnika aktywności arsenu w miedzi została wykorzystana do symulacji procesu rafinacji ogniowej w temperaturze 1423 K.

EN

In this work, arsenic activity in liquid Cu-As alloys was determined with use of experimental data of various authors. The dependence of arsenic pressure over pure solid arsenic was used for these calculations, which was determined using the literature data: [mathematical formula] where: partial pressure of arsenic particles that coexist in the gas phase. Solid arsenic was used as a source of arsenic in the gas phase over the investigated Cu-As alloys. At high temperatures, the arsenic pressure over pure liquid arsenic was determined from a relationship established with use of the literature data: [mathematical formula]. The arsenic activity coefficients in Cu-As mixtures were calculated with employment of the above relations, and obtained values differ from the literature data. The obtained results enable us to determine the limiting values of the arsenic activity coefficient ( ). The estimated values are higher than the corresponded data reported in the literature, which is in tune with relatively low values (in absolute scale) of heats of mixing in the liquid Cu-As system [33]. The process of arsenic removal from copper was represented by the reaction: [mathematical formula]. In addition, the equilibrium constant of this reaction was determined, which is expressed by the relation: The reference state for oxygen activity in copper ( ) is an infinitely diluted solution for [17]. The equilibrium constant and limiting value of the arsenic activity coefficient in Cu-As alloys were used to simulate the fire refining process at 1423 K.

19

Ocena zagrożenia metalami ciężkimi w produktach spożywczych

Kępińska Jagoda, Biel Wioletta

Przemysł Spożywczy

|

2020

|

T. 74, nr 8

52--56

PL

Żywność oprócz składników odżywczych może zawierać także substancje, które stanowią zagrożenie dla zdrowia. Przykładem takiego zagrożenia jest obecność w produktach spożywczych metali ciężkich. Zanieczyszczenia te należy zaliczyć do skażeń chemicznych powstałych w wyniku różnych procesów naturalnych, przetwórczych, migracji oraz przypadkowych skażeń. Metale ciężkie uznaje się obecnie za jedne z najgroźniejszych zanieczyszczeń środowiska człowieka. Do najbardziej toksycznych należy kadm, ołów, rtęć oraz arsen. Pierwiastki te odznaczają się najwyższym współczynnikiem kumulacji. W artykule przedstawiono dane literaturowe na temat zawartości metali ciężkich w niektórych podstawowych produktach spożywczych (warzywach i owocach, artykułach pochodzenia zwierzęcego: mleku, mięsie oraz rybach). Dodatkowo na podstawie raportów RASFF dokonano analizy występowania zagrożeń chemicznych w żywności z uwzględnieniem tendencji oraz częstotliwości ich zgłaszania w analizowanym okresie.

EN

In addition to nutrients, food also contains substances that can pose health risk. Heavy metals are one such threat. These impurities should be classified as chemical contamination resulting from various natural, processing and migration processes as well as accidental contamination. Heavy metals are currently one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants. The most toxic include cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic. These elements have the highest accumulation coefficient. The article presents results of heavy metal content in some basic food products (vegetables and fruits, products of animal origin - milk, meat, fish). Additionally, based on RASFF reports, an analysis of the occurrence of chemical hazards in food was made taking into account trends and the frequency of reporting them in the analyzed period.

20

Formy specjacyjne arsenu, ich identyfikacja i usuwanie ze środowiska. Cz. 2

Olchowski Rafał, Dobrowolski Ryszard

Analityka : nauka i praktyka

|

2020

|

nr 4

16--20

PL

Problem zanieczyszczenia wód naturalnych związkami arsenu może być rozwiązany z wykorzystaniem różnych technologii usuwania arsenu, wśród których wyszczególnia się metody fizykochemiczne i biologiczne. Proces adsorpcji związków arsenu na materiałach węglowych jest najczęściej wykorzystywaną metodą usuwania arsenu z wód naturalnych.