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1
Content available The measuring position designed to determine the metrological properties of air gauges
Jakubowicz M., Derezynski J.
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
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2017
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Vol. 11, no 4
198--205
EN
This article describes the measurement system designed in order to determine the metrological properties of air gauges. The said scientific study makes it possible to determine the static pk = f(s) and flow qv = f(s) characteristics. It consists of three modules: a mechanical module, a control and register data module and a special software module. Apart from the possibility of determining the static and flow characteristics, the presented study makes it possible to measure the temperature in the duct that supplies the compressed air to the transducer as well as in the measuring chamber. The above-mentioned measurement system makes it possible to determine the pressure applied on the surface measured by an air stream coming from the nozzle. Apart from a detailed description of a test station and the software, the article also contains sample results of tests performed on air gauges.
2
Content available Discussion on flow-through phenomena in the air gauge cascade
Jermak C. J.
Acta Mechanica et Automatica
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2017
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Vol. 11, no. 1
38--46
EN
In the paper, the flow-through phenomena in the air gauge are under discussion form the thermodynamic and gasodynamic perspective. The main elements of the cascade are considered the inlet nozzle (restriction), measuring chamber and the measuring nozzle with the measuring slot (displacement between the nozzle head and measured surface). The purpose of the analysis was to point out the impact on the metrological characteristics of the air gauge. In particular, attention was paid to the airflow through the measuring slot. Here, the complex phenomena take place, among others the supersonic areas and a “bubble ring,” which cause discontinuity and hysteresis in the static characteristic. On the other hand, the air stream expansion after the restriction (inlet nozzle) is observed in the measuring chamber. The point of the above discussion was to work out some recommendation on the nozzles geometry and the localization of the back-pressure measuring point in the chamber.
3
Content available Static Characteristics of Air Gauges Applied in the Roundness Assessment
Jermak C. J., Rucki M.
Metrology and Measurement Systems
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2016
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Vol. 23, nr 1
85--96
EN
In the article, analysis of the work conditions and the metrological characteristics of the air gauges dedicated for the roundness assessment is described. To reach the required accuracy of the acquired data, the phenomena of gas dynamics had to be analyzed in the whole flow through elements of the air gauge. A model based on the second critical parameters was used, because it reflects the true processes of the air flow. As a result, fast and accurate simulations provided series of the characteristics to be considered. Nevertheless, the chosen air gauge configuration underwent the experimental verification of its metrological characteristics. Finally, the entire measurement system Geoform with the gauge head based on the chosen air gauges underwent the accuracy test in order to make sure of its overall measurement quality.
4
Content available remote Pomiary pneumatyczne powierzchni walcowych: zarys problematyki
Jermak Cz. J., Rucki M.
Mechanik
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2016
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R. 89, nr 2
105--108
PL
Przedstawiono problemy związane z pomiarami powierzchni walcowych za pomocą pneumatycznych przetworników długości (PPD). W przypadku pomiarów pneumatycznych powierzchni płaskich i walcowych przebiegi charakterystyk statycznych czujników nieco się różnią. Opisano stanowisko laboratoryjne do badań charakterystyk statycznych PPD oraz omówiono program badań laboratoryjnych mających na celu dokładne określenie owych różni
EN
Principle of air gauging is recalled in the paper in historical context as well as in the context of today’s interest of industry. Requirements for gauging of cylindrical surfaces are discussed. Metrological characteristics of the static air gauge would slightly differ between the cases when flat or cylindrical surfaces are subjected to measurement. Described is laboratory test stand equipment and suitable investigation programme for precise identification of the differences.
5
Content available Koncepcja pneumatycznych przyrządów PneuStar do pomiarów długości
Jermak C. J.
Aparatura Badawcza i Dydaktyczna
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2013
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T. 18, nr 1
25--30
PL
W artykule omówiono wybrane aspekty konstrukcji i wzorcowania pneumatycznych przyrządów pomiarowych. Układy konstrukcyjne przyrządów można podzielić na dwie grupy: z pomiarem za pomocą przetworników mechanicznych oraz z przetwornikami elektronicznymi ciśnienia. To ostatnie rozwiązanie zastosowano w przyrządzie PneuStar, dla którego opracowano inną niż dotychczas stosowane w praktyce procedurę wzorcowania. Przyrząd posiada zwartą budowę, w której zintegrowano komputer panelowy oraz zespół przetwarzania i pomiaru ciśnienia. Procedurę wzorcowania oparto na spostrzeżeniu, że zlinearyzowane charakterystyki statyczne przecinają się w jednym punkcie. Dzięki temu uproszczona została procedura wzorcowania, a zakres pomiarowy przyrządu jest dobierany automatycznie.
EN
In the paper, the construction of new pneumatic devices for dimensional measurement and their calibration principle are described. Such a devices could be divided into two groups: ones based on the mechanical manometers scaled in the dimensional units and the ones based on the electronic pressure transducers. The latter solution was applied in the PNEUSTAR device. Additionally, innovative calibration procedure has been worked out for this device. Typically, PNEUSTAR is an integrated unit in one housing with a computer panel and pressure transducer unit. The calibration procedure applied the observation that the linearized static characteristics of the operated air gauges start in the same point. It simplified the calibration procedure, and the measurement range is being set automatically.
6
Content available Mathematical model of dynamic work conditions in the measuring chamber of an air gauge
Jermak C. J., Spyra A., Rucki M.
Metrology and Measurement Systems
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2012
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Vol. 19, nr 1
29-38
EN
The goal of the proposed computational model was to evaluate the dynamical properties of air gauges in order to exploit them in such industrial applications as in-process control, form deviation measurement, dynamical measurement. The model is based on Reynolds equations complemented by the k-ε turbulence model. The boundary conditions were set in different areas (axis of the chamber, side surfaces, inlet pipeline and outlet cross-section) as Dirichlet's and Neumann's ones. The TDMA method was applied and the efficiency of the calculations was increased due to the "line-by-line" procedure. The proposed model proved to be accurate and useful for non-stationary two-dimensional flow through the air gauge measuring chamber.
7
Content available remote Opracowanie procedury wyznaczania charakterystyki amplitudowo-częstotliwościowej pneumatycznych przetworników długości
Jermak C. J.
Archiwum Technologii Maszyn i Automatyzacji
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2011
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Vol. 31, nr 4
79--85
PL
W artykule opisano stanowisko badawcze do wyznaczania charakterystyki amplitudowo-częstotliwościowej pneumatycznych przetworników długości. Do analizy danych opracowano program Analiza, w którym wykorzystano pakiet Matlab i kompilator VB. Stanowisko wraz z oprogramowaniem pozwala eksperymentalnie wyznaczać charakterystykę amplitudowo-częstotliwościową i obliczać stałą czasową z wyników eksperymentu, służące do oceny właściwości dynamicznych przetworników.
EN
In the paper, the measurement equipment for the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the air gauges was described. In the equipment, the worked out program Analiza based on Matlab package and a compilator VB have been applied. The equipment with the programs enable to perform analysis of the experimental amplitude and frequency characteristics of air gauges, to gain the experimental value of time constant, and to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of the air gauges.
8
Content available remote Dynamic calibration of air gauges
Rucki M., Barisic B., Ocenasova L.
Archiwum Technologii Maszyn i Automatyzacji
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2010
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Vol. 30, nr 2
129-134
EN
In the paper, the investigations on the dynamic properties of air gauges were presented. The measurement of the amplitudes of back-pressure pk dependent on the input signal circular frequency a> for the group of air gauges with various parameters, has been performed. To evaluate the influence of the measuring chamber volume on the dynamical properties, the set of the model chambers have been prepared with different dimensions. The gained results underwent comparative analysis with the results of investigation of the step response revealing the differences between the setting times obtained experimentally from different methods. The examinations of the step response of typical back-pressure air gauge led to the conclusion that its behavior is very close to the first-order dynamical system. The examined air gauges could be successfully exploited in the industrial measurement of values changing in time (dynamical measurement).
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań właściwości dynamicznych czujników pneumatycznych. Zmierzono amplitudę ciśnienia kaskadowego pk w zależności od częstotliwości wymuszenia co dla zestawu czujników o różnych parametrach geometrycznych. W celu określenia wpływu objętości komory pomiarowej na właściwości dynamiczne czujnika wykonano zestaw modelowych komór o różnych wymiarach. W analizie wyników uwzględniono również wyniki badań odpowiedzi czujników pneumatycznych na wymuszenie skokowe. Badania te wykazały różnice pomiędzy wartościami czasu ustalenia uzyskanymi różnymi metodami. Badania właściwości dynamicznych typowych czujników pneumatycznych o małych objętościach komory pomiarowej wykazują, że są one zbliżone do parametrów układu pierwszego rzędu. Badane czujniki mogą być z powodzeniem stosowane w przemysłowych pomiarach dynamicznych.
9
Content available remote Evaluation of the response time of air gauges in industrial applications
Jermak C. J., Rucki M.
Metrology and Measurement Systems
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2009
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Vol. 16, nr 4
689-700
EN
The goal of the investigations was to evaluate the dynamical properties of air gauges in order to exploit them in such industrial applications as in-process control, form deviation measurement, dynamical measurement. As an important parameter, the time response was analyzed theoretically and experiments were performed in order to verify the proposed calculation model. The analyzed air gauges were applied in the devices for non-contact measurement of roundness and cylindricity, as well as in the contour and waviness measurement device. Because of evident physical conditions of experiments, the input signal should not be treated as an orthogonal step, but as a quasi-trapezoidal step which could be approximated in simulations as a trapezoidal one. The time response indicates that the air gauges with small measuring chambers should be treated as first-order dynamic systems.
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