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EN
Modeling of the electromagnetic interaction with different homogeneous or inhomogeneous objects is a fundamental and important problem. It is relatively easy to solve Maxwell equations analytically when the scattering object is spherical or cylindrical, for example. However, when it loses these properties all that is left for us is to use approximation models, to acquire the solution we need. Modeling of complex, non-spherical, asymmetric particles is used to study cosmic, cometary dust, aerosols, atmospheric pollution etc. Few analytical, surface-based and volume-based methods of light scattering modeling, most commonly used by scientists, are reviewed here.
EN
We report on the first application of the graphics processing units (GPUs) accelerated computing technology to improve performance of numerical methods used for the optical characterization of evaporating microdroplets. Single microdroplets of various liquids with different volatility and molecular weight (glycerine, glycols, water, etc.), as well as mixtures of liquids and diverse suspensions evaporate inside the electrodynamic trap under the chosen temperature and composition of atmosphere. The series of scattering patterns recorded from the evaporating microdroplets are processed by fitting complete Mie theory predictions with gradientless lookup table method. We showed that computations on GPUs can be effectively applied to inverse scattering problems. In particular, our technique accelerated calculations of the Mie scattering theory on a single-core processor in a Matlab environment over 800 times and almost 100 times comparing to the corresponding code in C language. Additionally, we overcame problems of the time-consuming data post-processing when some of the parameters (particularly the refractive index) of an investigated liquid are uncertain. Our program allows us to track the parameters characterizing the evaporating droplet nearly simultaneously with the progress of evaporation.
EN
In the present investigation, artificial neural networks are applied to model scattering and absorption properties occurring in particle radiation interaction for numerical simulation of pulverized coal combustion. To determine averaged scattering and absorption properties, an averaging procedure over spectral incident radiation profile and particle size distribution is applied. These averaged properties then are approximated by means of an artificial neural network. A study to determine a suitable network architecture is performed.
4
Content available remote Ultra small clusters of gold nanoshells detected by SNOM
EN
Metal nanoshells are a type of nanoparticle composed by a dielectric core and a metallic coating. These nanoparticles have stimulated interest due to their remarkable optical properties. In common with metal colloids, they show distinctive absorption peaks at specific wavelengths due to surface plasmon resonance. However, unlike bare metal colloids, the wavelengths at which resonance occurs can be tuned by changing the core radius and coating thickness. One basic application of such property is in medicine, where it is hoped that nanoshells with absorption peaks in the near-infrared can be attached to cancerous cells. In this paper, we study the changes of optical response in visible and near infrared wavelengths from single to randomly distributed clusters of nanoshells. The results were obtained using a novel formulation of Mie theory in evanescent wave conditions, with a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation and experimentally on BaTiO3-gold nanoshells using a scanning near-optical microscope. The results show that the optical signal of a randomly distributed cluster of nanoshells can be supplementary tuned with respect to the case of single nanoshell depending by the geometric configuration of the clusters.
EN
The important factors that strongly influence the particle size distributions measured by the laser diffraction method are the optical parameters of the suspension (refractive index and absorption coefficient). Knowledge of the values of these parameters is necessary for Mie theory. Mie theory is applied for conversion of the intensity of light recorded on detectors into particle size distribution (PSD) of tested material. Both wastewater and activated sludge are mixtures of a variety of elements (mineral or organic, including living organisms). In practice, it is not possible to define clearly the values of the optical parameters, as the composition of the suspension changes over time. The aim of the study was to estimate the impact of assumed values of the optical parameters on particle size distributions obtained. The PSDs of suspensions sampled in different stages of wastewater treatment are the most reproducible when the following optical parameters are defined: absorption coefficients - 1.0 and the refractive index - 1.52.
PL
Czynnikami, które w istotny sposób wpływają na rozkłady granulometryczne wyznaczane za pomocą dyfrakcji laserowej, są parametry optyczne mierzonej zawiesiny (współczynnik załamania światła oraz współczynnik absorpcji). Znajomość wartości tych parametrów jest niezbędna przy zastosowaniu teorii Mie. Teoria Mie jest wykorzystywana do przeliczenia intensywności światła zmierzonego na detektorach na rozkład granulometryczny (PSD) badanego materiału. Zarówno ścieki, jak i osad czynny są mieszaninami bardzo różnych składników (mineralnych i organicznych, w tym żywych organizmów). W praktyce nie ma możliwości określenia rzeczywistych wartości parametrów optycznych mieszanin, tym bardziej, że ich skład zmienia się w czasie. Celem niniejszej pracy było określenie wpływu założonych wartości parametrów optycznych na uzyskiwane rozkłady granulometryczne. Rozkłady granulometryczne zawiesin pobranych na różnych etapach oczyszczania ścieków są najbardziej powtarzalne dla następujących wartości współczynników optycznych: współczynnika absorpcji - 1,0 i współczynnika załamania światła - 1,52.
EN
Absorbing and emitting optical properties of a spherical plasmonic nanoantenna are described in terms of the size dependent resonance frequencies and damping rates of the multipolar surface plasmons (SP). We provide the plasmon size characteristics for gold and silver spherical particles up to the large size retardation regime where the plasmon radiative damping is significant. We underline the role of the radiation damping in comparison with the energy dissipation damping in formation of receiving and transmitting properties of a plasmonic particle. The size dependence of both: the multipolar SP resonance frequencies and corresponding damping rates can be a convenient tool in tailoring the characteristics of plasmonic nanoantennas for given application. Such characteristics enable to control an operation frequency of a plasmonic nanoantenna and to change the operation range from the spectrally broad to spectrally narrow and vice versa. It is also possible to switch between particle receiving (enhanced absorption) and emitting (enhanced scattering) abilities. Changing the polarization geometry of observation it is possible to effectively separate the dipole and the quadrupole plasmon radiation from all the non-plasmonic contributions to the scattered light.
EN
Multipolar plasmon optical excitations at spherical gold nanoparticles and their manifestations in the particle images formatted in the particle surface proximity are studied. The multipolar plasmon size characteristic: plasmon resonance frequencies and plasmon damping rates were obtained within rigorous size dependent modelling. The realistic, frequency dependent dielectric function of a metal was used. The distribution of light intensity and of electric field radial component at the flat square scanning plane scattered by a gold sphere of radius 95 nm was acquired. The images resulted from the spatial distribution of the full mean Poynting vector including near-field radial components of the scattered electromagnetic field. Monochromatic images at frequencies close to and equal to the plasmon dipole and quadrupole resonance frequencies are discussed. The changes in images and radial components of the scattered electromagnetic field distribution at the scanning plane moved away from the particle surface from near-field to far-field region are discussed.
EN
The paper presents results of the simulation research aiming at comparison of the quality of reconstruction of particle size distribution of dispersed phase in particulate systems by solving the inverse problem for nephelometric measurement data and for turbidimetric measurement data corrupted to a varying extent by random errors. In the case of both measurement techniques mathematical models based on Mie light scattering theory were applied. The results obtained demonstrated that the reconstruction on the basis of turbidimetric measurements is characterized by generally bigger accuracy compared to the reconstruction on the basis of nephelometric measurements. The advanatage of the reconstruction based on turbidimetric measurement data over the reconstruction based on nephelometric measurement data increases significantly in the case of measurement data of both kinds affected by random noise.
PL
W artykule przeprowadzono wielopłaszczyznową analizę wpływu poszczególnych parametrów fizycznych na wartość współczynnika wstecznego odbicia od aerozolu. W technikach teledetekcji laserowej, współczynnik ten jest kluczową wielkością charakteryzującą analizowany aerozol. Umiejętność jego wyznaczania dla promieniowania o dowolnej długości fali, na podstawie znajomości zespolonego współczynnika załamania oraz rozkładu wielkości cząstek tworzących dany aerozol stwarza więc możliwości w zakresie jego identyfikacji (odwrotne zagadnienie lidarowe). Zasadniczym celem pracy jest wielospektralna analiza parametrów rozproszeniowych aerozoli wynikających z teorii Mie oraz wyznaczenie charakterystyk zasięgowych systemu lidarowego do zdalnego wykrywania i identyfikacji skażeń chemicznych i biologicznych.
EN
A wide analysis of the main aerosol physical parameters' impact on the backscattering coefficient has been developed. In the remote-sensing techniques, its value is considered to be one of the most crucial factors, since it corresponds to the properties of the remotely sensed aerosol. The capability of determining it theoretically, basing on the value of complex refractive index and the size distribution function of particles, creates the fundamental tool for identifying the unknown aerosol (inverse lidar problem). A computational code has been developed at the MATLAB environment. The calculations presented in the paper have been performed in accordance with Mie scattering theory.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono rezultaty badań symulacyjnych wpływu stosowanego modelu matematycznego pomiarów nefelometrycznych na jakość rozwiązań zagadnienia odwrotnego polegającego na wyznaczaniu funkcji rozkładu wielkości częstek fazy zdyspergowanej układu dyspersyjnego na podstawie wyników pomiarów nefelometrycznych. Analizie poddane zostały dwa modele matematyczne: model oparty na ogólnej teorii Mie rozpraszania światła na cząstce sferycznej oraz znacznie prostszy model bazujący na teorii dyfakcji Fraunhofera stanowiącej przybliżenie teorii Mie dla pewnych szczególnych warunków. Uzyskane wyniki wykazały, że rozwiązania rozważanego zagadnienia odwrotnego otrzymywane z zastosowaniem modelu Fraunhofera charakteruzują się ogólnie mniejszym błędem oraz znacznie mniejszą podatnością na niekorzystne efekty złego postawienia problemu w porównaniu z rozwiązaniami uzyskanymi w oparciu o bardziej skomplikowany model Mie, o ile spełnione są warunki stosowalności teorii Fraunhofera.
EN
The work presents results of the simulation research on the influence of applied mathematical model of nephelometric measurements on the quality of solutions of the inverse problem consisting in determination of the particle size distribution of the dispersed phase of the dispersed system basig on results of nephelometric measurements. Two mathematical models were analyzed: the model based on the general Mie theory of light scattering by a spherical particle and the considerably simpler modelbased on the Fraunhofer diffraction theory which is an approximation of the Mie theory for certain particular conditions. Obtained results demonstarted that the solutions of considered inverse problem gained by application of the Fraunhofer model are characterized by generally smaller error and significantly smaller susceptibility to harmful effects of illposedness of the problem comparing to solutins gained basing on more complicated Mie model as long as the conditions of applicability of the Fraunhofer theory are fulfilled.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań symulacyjnych mających na celu porównanie jakości rekonstrukcji funkcji rozkładu wielkości cząstek fazy zdyspergowanej układu dyspersyjnego realizowanej poprzez rozwiązywanie problemu odwrotnego dla wyników pomiarów nefelometrycznych oraz dla wyników pomiarów turbidymetrycznych o róznym stopniu zakłócenia przez błędy losowe. W przypadku obu technik pomiarowych zastosowano modele matematyczne oparte na teorii rozpraszania światła Mie. Uzyskane rezultaty wykazały, że rekonstrukcja runkcji rozkładu na podstawie wyników pomiarów turbidymetrycznych charakteryzuje się ogólnie większą dokładności od rekonstrukcji na podstawie wyników pomiarów neflometrycznych. Przewaga rekonstrukcji realizowanej w oparciu o wyniki pomiarów turbidymetrycznych wyraźnie zwiększa się w przypadku, gdy dane pomiarowe obu rodzajów obciążone są błędami losowymi.
EN
This work presents results of the simulation research aiming comparison of the quality of teh reconstruction of the particle size distribution of the dispersed phase of the dispersed system performed by solution of the inverse problem for results of nephelometric and turbidimetric measurements interfered to a various extent by random errors. In case of both measurement techniques mathematical models based on Mie light scattering theory were applied. Obtained results demonstrated that the reconstruction of the particle size distribution on the basis of the results of turbidimetric measurements is characterized by generally bigger accuracy than the reconstruction on the basis of the results of nephelometric measurements. The advantage of the reconstruction performed basing on the results of turbidimetric measurements increases considerably in case when the measruement data of both kinds are affected by random errors.
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