BazTech - Yadda

1

The dual-fuel engine as an alternative marine propulsion system

Chłopińska E.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2017

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nr 49 (121)

28—33

EN

This article presents an alternative solution for marine units operating both inside and outside areas covered by strict controls on sulphur emissions. Emission Control Areas include the waters of the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, the English Channel, and the coasts of North America. Shipping in these areas is obliged to use fuel with a sulphur content in accordance with European Parliament and Council Directive 2012/33/EU. The technology to power units with marine diesel oil and other fuels compliant with the requirements of the Sulphur Directive is described. Low-sulphur fuel is efficient and environmentally friendly, and liquefied natural gas (LNG fuel) is an example of the technology described.

2

A proposal for marine fuel oil system arranged to burn heavy fuel oil and low sulphur distillate grade

Krzyżanowski J., Nowak P.

Journal of KONES

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2014

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Vol. 21, No. 2

161--168

EN

The following paper introduces a retrofit proposal for marine fuel oil system arranged to burn heavy fuel oil and low-sulphur distillate grade. In the face of tighter requirements regarding sulphur content in fuel, which are obligatory both inside Emission Control Areas and among international waters, it is necessary to provide safe and efficient ship operation. Conventional methods for fuel change-over between heavy fuel oil and distillate grade are saddled with necessity of constant process control and compulsory engine load reduction during the realization of procedure. It ensures that maximum fuel temperature gradient amounts 2 °C/min, which protects injection system against thermal shock. The solution proposed by MAN Diesel & Turbo in cooperation with LEMAG Lehman & Michels turns mentioned procedure into unusual until now level thanks to guaranteed safety, control, smoothness and degree of automation. So-called Diesel Switch constitutes automatic fuel change-over system, which implements the process free from engine load factor. A built-in programmable logic controller and specially designed nonproportional valve enable to achieve smooth and linear characteristic of change. Furthermore, device controls other fuel oil system elements and also registers procedure run. The second element in retrofitted system concerns the way of distillate fuel cooling. Sulphur in the chemical bonds with other fuel components reveals lubricating properties. Reduction of its amount simultaneously with usage of low-viscosity distillate fuel creates a risk of damage to plunger and barrel assemblies. A guarantee of proper hydrodynamic lubrication film in injection system involves maintaining a minimal fuel viscosity of 2 cSt at engine inlet. Commonly used central cooling system on ships has a significant limitation. Water from low temperature cooling circuit, which provides a coolant cannot decrease fuel temperature below 40 °C. Applied solution proposed by Novenco is concerned with chilled water system assembly, which can cool down fuel even below 0 °C through vapour compression or an absorption cycle. As a result, low-sulphur fuel viscosity can be increased at any load independently of seawater temperature.

3

Operational problems in marine diesel engines switching on low sulfur fuels before entering emission controlled areas

Adamkiewicz A., Drzewieniecki J.

Journal of Polish CIMAC

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2011

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Vol. 6, no 1

7-16

EN

Introduction of rules connected with implementation of Sulfur Emission Control Areas and changes in MARPOL Convention Annex VI not only increased the operation costs or forced ship owners to comply with convention but first of all put pressure and provided influence on ship’s operation. In this article there are presented operational problems in Marine Diesel Engines switching from the residual fuels HFO to low sulfur residual LSFO and distillate LSGO fuels before entering Emission Control Areas (ECAs). There are defined ECA Zones in Europe and North America. There are introduced changes in limits with regards to Sulfur content in fuel oils during last years, planed trends and changes. There are characterized the changing over process, the applied procedures and methods of time calculation in changing over from HFO into LSFO/ LSGO. Besides, there are described the method of sulfur calculation in fuel during blending both grades of fuel. To conclude authors have characterized technical and legislative demands that the ship-owners have to face up to adopt the operated vessels to meet ECAs requirements.