BazTech - Yadda

1

Tests on the Application of Various Types of Biomass for Activated Carbon Production

Skoczko Iwona, Guminski Remigiusz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 1

285--302

EN

Activated carbon (AC) is one of the best adsorbents for removing trace contaminants from air, soil and water due to its adsorption properties. It is produced from carbon-rich materials, mainly fossil raw materials. However, the price of hard coals has increased significantly in recent years due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. The existing eastern markets became blocked for carbon-raw-material sourcing. It is therefore important to find alternative materials or plant-based products. This study investigated the possibility of manufacturing activated carbon from waste biomass such as sugar beet fibers (SBSF), mixed vegetable processing waste (mainly corn) (MVW) and cherry stones (ChS). The raw material was subjected to pyrolysis, milling, granulation, carbonisation and activation at different times and temperatures. However, of the biomass materials tested, only SBSF in the form of marc can be processed into valuable activated carbon in further production steps. MVW and ChS as carbon substrates showed, in addition to high moisture and ash, low efficiency in decolourising molasses and methylene blue MB and also had a lower specific surface area.

2

Removal of Heavy Metals from Textile Wastewater Using a Mixture of Carbon from Bare Hands and Carbide Waste as an Adsorbent

Karim Muhammad Arief, Yuniar Henny, Lestari Chelsie Camari, Widowati Tri Wardani

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 1

245--255

EN

Heavy metal pollution, mainly originating from textile waste containing synthetic dyes and stabilizers such as Fe, alum, and lime, poses serious risks to health and the environment. To overcome this problem, this research explores the use of activated carbon for heavy metal reduction. Empty palm oil fruit bunches (EFB) offer a promising source of activated carbon due to their high lignocellulose content and functional groups (-OH and -COOH) that enhance heavy metal adsorption. In addition, carbide waste, which is classified as hazardous and toxic waste, poses an ecological threat if disposed of incorrectly. This research focuses on the use of EFB waste and carbide to reduce Fe metal in Fe metal synthesis waste. Various adsorbent ratios (2:2.5, 2.5:2, and 2.5:2.5) and contact times ranging from 30 to 150 min were investigated, with an initial metal synthesis waste concentration of 40 mg/L. The findings showed that longer contact times resulted in the removal of large amounts of Fe(II) metal, with rates reaching 94.325%. The increase in the pH of the adsorbent mixture is caused by the alkaline nature of carbide waste in activated carbon. The Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit to the data, with a correlation Equation of y = 0.3882x + 1.4823 (R2 = 0.995, RL = 0.556), which shows the effectiveness of the TKS-carbide waste mixture in reducing Fe(II) ions in the waste textile. The Freundlich isotherm model also showed a reasonable fit, with a correlation equation of y = -0.2804x – 0.0133 (R2 = 0.95). In summary, EFB-carbide waste adsorbent is a successful, consistent, and environmentally friendly solution for the reduction of heavy metals in textile waste.

3

Od odpadów rolniczych do wysokowydajnego sorbentu : węgiel aktywny pochodzący z łupin orzechów laskowych do oczyszczania wody i ścieków

Barczak Beata, Klugmann-Radziemska Ewa, Januszewicz Katarzyna

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2023

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T. 102, nr 9

895--899

PL

Łupiny orzechów laskowych, produkt uboczny przemysłu spożywczego, mają znaczny potencjał jako prekursor do produkcji węgla aktywnego ze względu na ich dużą dostępność i dużą zawartość węgla. Przedstawiono badania możliwości przekształcenia łupin orzechów laskowych w węgiel aktywny, wykorzystany do oczyszczania ścieków z zanieczyszczeń organicznych. Porównano procesy aktywacji fizycznej i chemicznej otrzymanego węgla. Otrzymano wysoce porowaty materiał o powierzchni właściwej 1211 m²/g. Ponadto przedstawiono izotermy adsorpcji i oznaczono pojemność adsorpcyjną biowęgla względem rodaminy B.

EN

Hazelnut shells were pyrolyzed at 500°C for 1 h. The obtained biochar was activated phys. with CO₂ at 800°C or chem. with KOH at 850°C. A porous material with a sp. surface area of 1211 m²/g was obtained. The adsorption properties of activated C were tested in relation to the adsorption of rhodamine B. The adsorption capacity was 64.4 mg/g. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips and Toth adsorption equil. models were used to describe the rhodamine adsorption isotherm. The best fit to the exptl. data was observed for the Sips isotherm.

4

Adsorption behaviour of polar solvent and water vapours on Sorbonorit B4 activated carbon

Downarowicz Dorota, Gabruś Elżbieta

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2023

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Vol. 25, nr 4

28--35

EN

In this work, the affinity of the heterogeneous Sorbonorit B4 (SB4) activated carbon toward methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), n-propyl alcohol (NPA) and isobutyl alcohol (IBA), and water vapours was examined. Adsorption equilibrium measurements demonstrate a higher adsorption capacity of water vapour than organic compounds at relative pressures above 0.4. The adsorption capacities of SB4 at the same vapor pressure followed the order: NPA> IPA> MEK> IBA. The Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Dubinin-Astakhov, and Toth isotherm models were chosen to describe experimental results. Based on the multi-temperature isotherms, the values of the isosteric heat of adsorption were determined for various adsorbate loading. The results indicate a strong influence of VOC molecule structures and the surface heterogeneity of SB4 on the adsorption efficiency. For IPA-SB4 pair, the maximum temperature rise in a fixed-bed bed in the adsorption process and the energy requirement for regeneration were calculated and experimentally verified.

5

Efficient removal of imidacloprid pesticide by two eco-friendly activated carbons

Mohammad Somaia Gaber, El-Refaey Ahmed A.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 57

220--230

EN

In this study, the removal of imidacloprid (IMD) pesticide onto activated carbon produced from nut shells of hazelnut (HAC), and walnut (WAC) has been investigated. The prepared activated carbons were characterised by total carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen content, surface areas and pore volume. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were studied before and after adsorption experiments. Effects of adsorbent dose (0.02-0.2 g), contact time (10-120 min), initial imidacloprid concentration (10-100 mg∙dm-3), and pH (1-8), and temperatures (25-50°C) on the removal of IMD pesticide by HAC and WAC in the batch mode were studied. The removal percentage of imidacloprid pesticide by HAC and WAC was 93.79% and 94.72%, respectively. The study showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetics model fitted well for both activated carbons. Moreover, adsorption isotherm results were evaluated using Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models. The adsorption results correlated well with the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.987 and 0.964) with maximum adsorption capacities of 76.923 and 83.333 mg∙g-1 for HAC and WAC, respectively, and an equilibrium time within 120 min. The nature of the adsorption of imidacloprid pesticide onto HAC and WAC is exothermic, spontaneous and physical in nature. The two prepared activated carbons (HAC, WAC) were successfully regenerated for three cycles and could be used as an effective and low-cost adsorbent for the removal of IMD pesticide from aqueous solutions. The production of the activated carbons of HAC and WAC will provide minimisation of these wastes in the environment.

6

Wastewater Treatment Using Activated Carbon Produced from Oil Shale

Hamdan Mohmmad Ahmad, Sublaban Esraa Taha, Al-Asfar Jamil Jawdat, Banisaid Mai Abdullah

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 2

131--139

EN

In recent years, many researchers have expressed interest in wastewater treatment using activated carbon produced from cheap raw materials. In this work, an activated carbo-aluminosilicate (ACS) – supported zero-valent iron (ZVI) composite was produced from Um AL-Rasa oil shale mine and examined to eliminate Chromium (VI) from contaminated water. Activation of raw oil shale fine particles (< 212 μm) was chemically performed using 95 and 5% wt of H2SO4 and HNO3, respectively, as activating agents. The activated material was further treated with caustic soda, named ACS, and modified with fine zero-valent iron particles < 212 μm), called ZVI/ACS composite. Kaolin was added to the composite with the ratio: (50 % wt. light kaolin: 50 % wt. ACS), named as ZVI/ACS/K. The XRD analysis for both composites confirmed iron dispersion at 45°. Adsorption experiments were carried out using the two adsorbents ZVI/ACS & ZVI/ACS/K under different values of pH, and adsorbent dosage. The results indicated that the reduction of Chromium was maximum under the 3 pH value and 2.0 gm amount of ZVI/ACS/K. Furthermore, it was found the removal rate was enhanced by 17% and 24.7% when ZVI/ACS & ZVI/ACS/K adsorbents were used, respectively, compared to that when only ACS adsorbent was used alone. Finally, the dependency of Chromium removal on its initial concentration by ZVI/ACS/K adsorbent was also investigated at two different temperatures of 27° and 50°. The results indicated a decrease in the removal rate of the Chromium as the concentration increased at 27°; however, the removal rate previously enhanced at 50° at all initial concentrations.

7

Utilization of Desulfurized Heavy Liquid Fuel Blends in Domestic Boiler

Al Aboushi Ahmad, Abdelhafez Eman, Hamdan Mohammad, Ajib Salman, Alsaqoor Sameh

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 7

225--233

EN

One way to cut down the consumption of diesel fuel in domestic heating in Jordan is to blend it with shale oil, which may be extracted from oil shale. This leads to a cut down in the national fuel bill in Jordan. Unfortunately, shale oil contains significant amounts of sulfur as impurities and upon burning sulfur oxides are emitted causing a negative environmental impact, and hence desulfurization of such fuel blends is essential. This may be achieved by adding activated carbon to the fluids. The process of removing sulfur from shale oil is crucial for safeguarding the environment, human well-being, and equipment, as well as meeting regulatory requirements and creating superior-quality goods. In this study, a domestic boiler was utilized to evaluate the degree of desulfurization process of blends of diesel and shale oil fuels upon their burning in a domestic boiler, to achieve this, blends of both fuels were prepared with varying amounts of shale oil (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) and various amounts of activated carbon were added to the prepared mixtures of diesel fuel and shale oil. The assessment of performance included examining the environmental impact, specifically by analyzing exhaust gases to measure the concentration of Sulfur Oxide (SO2). It was found that an increase in the concentration of shale oil in the mixture led to an increase in the concentration of SO2. However, adding more activated carbon to the mixture from the fuels resulted in a decrease in the SO2 concentration. The lowest SO2 concentration was observed when 1g of activated carbon was added per liter of the fuel mixture at a 20% concentration of shale oil, and 0.6g of activated carbon per liter of the fuel mixture at a 40% concentration of oil shale.

8

Reduction of Ammonia Nitrogen and Chemical Oxygen Demand of Fertilizer Industry Liquid Waste by Coconut Shell Activated Carbon in Batch and Continuous Systems

Budianto Agus, Pratiwi Adelia Gita, Ningsih Sapta Ayu, Kusdarini Esthi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 7

156--164

EN

The fertilizer industry laboratory produces urea and ammonia nitrogen waste that can harm living things in the surrounding water bodies. Urea, nitrogen, and ammonia can be reduced by adsorption using activated carbon. This research reduced urea nitrogen and ammonia through activated carbon adsorption with a batch and continuous system. Percentage indicator of urea and ammonia nitrogen removal through Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3-N) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) NH3-N and COD analysis was determined. This study aimed to obtain: 1) the percentage of NH3-N and COD reduction in stem batch; 2) the percentage of NH3-N and COD reduction in the continuous system; 3) the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm adsorption equation against NH3-N wastewater. They are testing the adsorption power of activated carbon in a batch system using variable levels of activated carbon: 40 g/L, 55 g/L, 70 g/L, 85 g/L, and 100 g/L and testing the adsorption power of activated carbon in a continuous system using the variable frequency of wastewater in contact with activated carbon filter cartridges, namely 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 times. The results showed: 1) in the batch system NH3-N reduction of 98.26–98.82% and COD reduction of 92.53–97.05%; 2) in continuous system reduction of NH3-N of 86.05–88.07% and COD reduction of 93.91–97.05%; 3) Freundlich isotherm adsorption equation yields constant R2 0.9464, n 0.4482, KF 0.0616 mg/g; while Langmuir’s isotherm adsorption equation yields constant R2 0.8684, b -0.1046 L/mg, and qm 7.9872 mg/g.

9

Performance Study on Cathode Microporous Layer Using Biomass Activated Carbon for Passive Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell

Ekdharmasuit Panuwat, Sapkitjakarn Jiratchaya, Sangwanangkool Phuritutphong, Bampenrat Akarasingh, Sukkathanyawat Hussanai

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 10

214--224

EN

In passive direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs), the micro-porous layer (MPL) is a vital component of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), facilitating gas-liquid mass transport and improving electronic conductivity. The conducted study involved preparing various carbon materials for the cathode MPL, including Ketjen Black (KB), activated carbon (AC) from Durian shells, and a 15% weight mixture of AC and KB (AC15%). Characterization of the activated carbon was carried out using nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm analysis. Additionally, various electrochemical techniques, including cell polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), anode half-cell polarization, and anode EIS, were conducted to examine the effects of the cathode MPLs on cell performance. The results indicated that the cell with the conventional KB cathode MPL displayed the highest performance, whereas the AC15% and AC cathode MPLs showed relatively lower performances, respectively. The AC cathode MPL in the cell encountered challenges, such as decreased pore volume, increased micropores, and a hydrophobic electrode nature, leading to reduced gas transport resulting in poor cell performance. In contrast, the AC15% cathode MPL, which combined AC and KB in the electrode, achieved an appropriate micropore and mesopore balance. However, performance did not improve due to a heterogeneous contact surface between the cathode catalyst layer and the cathode MPL, resulting in higher ohmic resistance. Incorporating biomass-based materials into the electrode presents an interesting possibility due to the utilization of cheap and readily available precursors, as well as the ability to tailor morphology. Conducting a systematic study of durian shell activated carbons would reveal improved properties of the carbon material suitable for implementing in the MPL of passive DEFCs.

10

Integrated Anoxic-Oxic Sequencing Batch Reactor Combined with Coconut Fiber Waste as Biofilm and Adsorbent Media

Hendrasarie Novirina, Zarfandi Firdinsyah Iqdam

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 11

176--189

EN

Coconut fiber waste has the potential to become a value-added product as a biofilm media and an adsorbent. The addition of biofilm media and adsorbent is important because it reduces the amount of sludge produced in wastewater. Furthermore, the quality of wastewater produced by the Integrated Anoxic-Oxic Sequencing Batch Reactor (IASBR)process with the addition of biofilm media and adsorbents can be used as clean water. The wastewater used comes from apartment wastewater. The Integrated Anoxic-Oxic Sequencing Batch Reactor was used to determine the optimal anoxic-aerobic processing time in a tropical climate. The study will further compare the efficiency of the two by using discarded coconut fiber as an additional adsorbent and biofilm media. The optimal adsorbent dose and weight of waste coconut fiber, as well as hydraulic retention time optimization, were all examined. As a result, clean water was discovered to be the primary product after the addition of adsorbent and biofilm media made from waste coconut fiber.

11

Carboxymethyl Cellulose Nanoadsorbent for Remediation of Polluted Water

Khairiah Khairiah, Frida Erna, Sebayang Kerista, Sinuhaji Perdinan, Humaidi Syahrul, Ridwanto, Fudholi Ahmad, Marwoto Putut

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 1

336--348

EN

The development of nanoadsorbents for remediation of polluted water in order to obtain clean and healthy water quality has been carried out, namely the incorporation of chitosan, magnetic, and activated carbon materials. The activated carbon used is the result of the synthesis of banana peel waste nanocrystals, while the magnetic is Fe3O4. The method used in this study is an experimental method with coprecipitation through several stages, namely (1) magnetic synthesis of Fe3O4 by thecoprecipitation method, (2) preparation of chitosan solution, (3) synthesis of activated carbon nanocrystals from banana peel waste by the milling process, (4) merger of the three materials, and (5) characterization with SEM/EDX, XRD, FTIR, BET, PSA, TGA, and AAS to test the performance of the material against polluted water. The study found that 210 minutes was the optimal time for the heavy metal ions Fe, Mn, Zn, and Pb to adsorption.The best sample was sample S4 with a ratio of 1:2:2 with adsorption for Zn 92.43%, Fe 95.44%, Mn 89.54%, and Pb 84.38%. For the heavy metal ions: Mn 5624 mg/g, Fe 5849.4 mg/g, Zn 4894.22 mg/g, and Pb 468.2 mg/g, the Langmuir model was used. The adsorption kinetics showed that the reaction order for Pb, Mn, Zn, and Fe ions varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Carboxymethyl cellulose nanoadsorbents are effective in remediating the water contaminated with heavy metals, such as Pb, Mn, Zn, and Fe, meeting the environmental health quality standards for water media for sanitation hygiene purposes.

12

Alternative Ways of Extracting Oil from Water Bodies

Shabliy Tetyana, Ivanenko Olena, Vozniuk Marta, Snigur Oleksandr, Kozhan Olexei, Nosachova Yuliia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 11

127--134

EN

The article compares the use of sorption and sorption-coagulation methods for cleaning fresh and mineralized oil-containing waters. The sorbents used are thermally expanded graphite obtained by heat treatment of graphite bisulfate in a boiling layer, and activated carbon of BAU-A grade, which is widely used for purification of liquid media from oils and oil products. As an alternative to the sorption method, research was conducted on the application of the sorption-coagulation method with the simultaneous use of aluminum-containing coagulants: aluminum sulfate and aluminum hydroxochloride and activated carbon. It is shown that the advantages of using the sorption method using thermally expanded graphite are based on the high efficiency of oil extraction from water bodies and multiple regeneration of the spent sorbent.

13

Study on the treatment of fluorine-containing wastewater by precipitation-adsorption process

Li Xiaochang, Lyu Xianjun

Environment Protection Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 49, nr 2

55--73

EN

Fluorine-containing wastewater from the Yuncheng Sewage Treatment Plant in Heze City, Shan-dong Province was treated by coagulation and precipitation with poly aluminum sulfate, and CaO chemical precipitation-activated carbon adsorption, with a view to reducing fluoride ions concentration in the wastewater to below the discharge standard. The results showed that the optimum conditions for the coagulation-sedimentation test of poly aluminum sulfate were as follows: the dosage of poly aluminum sulfate 0.3 g/dm3, initial pH value 4.0, the removal rate of fluoride ion in the fluorine-containing wastewater reached 98.46%, and the concentration of fluoride ion was 0.462 mg/ dm3, which reached the discharge standard (1.5 mg/ dm3); The optimum conditions for the CaO chemical precipitation, and lanthanum loaded activated carbon adsorption method were as follows: the amount of CaO 20 g/ dm3, initial pH of the chemical precipitation test 8.0, the dosage of lanthanum loaded activated carbon 10 g/ dm3, and the initial pH of the adsorption test 6.0. At this time, the removal rate of fluoride ions in the fluorine-containing wastewater reached 95.81%, and the concentration of fluoride ions was 1.26 mg/ dm3, which also met the discharge standard.

14

Metals Removal from Contaminated Soil Using Electrokinetic Treatment – Effect of Different Permeable Reactive Barrier and Flushing Solution

Budihardjo Mochamad Arief, Ramadan Bimastyaji Surya, Safitri Rahayu Puji, Effendi Agus Jatnika, Hidayat Syarif, Paramitadevi Yudith Vega, Ratnawati Beata

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 2

19--27

EN

Metals pollution is often found in the immediate or neighboring areas of industrial or agricultural activities. This situation may significantly affect the environment, such as water, soil, and air pollution. Electrokinetic (EK) treatment is known to have higher efficiency for metals contaminated soil. However, the use of EK treatment is not widely as expected. This study employs EK treatment with different permeable reactive barriers and flushing solutions to remove Cd and Pb from agricultural soil. Soil pH, temperature, water content, electroosmotic flow, electric current, and metal concentration are calculated as responses to the EK treatment. Results showed that the EK treatments were effectively removed the metals from the contaminated soil. On the fifth day of the treatment, EK, which used activated carbon as PRB and citric acid as the chelating agent, removed a significant amount of Cd from the soil. Besides, the treatment using zeolite as PRB and citric agent as chelate can remove more than 90% of Pb after the sixth day of treatment. These results showed that PRB and chelating agents could effectively remove the metals from the contaminated soils.

15

CO2 capture from flue gases in a temperature swing moving bed

Grądziel Sławomir, Zima Wiesław, Cebula Artur, Rerak Monika, Kozak-Jagieła Ewa, Pawłowski Adam, Blom Richard, Nord Lars O., Skjervold Vidar T., Mondino Giorgia

Archives of Thermodynamics

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2023

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Vol. 44, no 4

63--80

EN

This paper presents a test stand for the capture of CO2 from flue gases arising due to firing pulverised hard coal. The stand, financed from the 2014–2021 Norway Grants, is installed at a Polish power plant. The innovation of the proposed CO2 capture method, developed by the Norwegian partner in the project (SINTEF Industry), lies in the use of activated carbon in the process of temperature swing adsorption in a moving bed. The paper also presents preliminary results of numerical simulations performed using the General PROcess Modelling System (gPROMS) software. The simulations concerned the operation of a supercritical power unit combined with a system for capturing CO2 from flue gases. Transient operation of the system was analysed, assuming rapid changes in the power unit load. Special attention was paid to the CO2 capture process energy consumption at an increase in load by 5% of the power unit nominal capacity in 30 s. It is found that the proposed CO2 capture method “keeps up” with such rapid load changes at the method energy consumption smaller than 2 MJ/kg CO2.

16

A Short Overview of the Possibilities of Using Waste from the Agri-Food Industry

Joka Yildiz Magdalena, Kalinowska Monika, Kalinowska-Wichrowska Katarzyna, Gołębiewska Ewelina, Tarasewicz Piotr, Bobin Tomasz, Tarapata Dominik, Szatyłowicz Ewa, Piekut Jolanta

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

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Vol. 17, no 2

342--352

EN

The agri-food industry is a source of various substrates - plants as well as plant and animal residues or waste, which can be recycled. Determining the yield of agri-food waste processing products that can be obtained from them, as well as estimating the local availability of a given raw material allows for the selection of appropriate substrates that guarantee both their effective production and their continuous supply. The presented article includes a review of scientific reports on the acquisition of bioactive substances, substrates for the production of activated carbon and materials for use in construction from waste from the agri-food industry. Moreover, the article discusses the economic aspects of agri-food waste in terms of bioeconomy.

17

Szacowanie wartości powierzchni bet węgla aktywnego na podstawie liczby jodowej

Kochel Mateusz, Iluk Tomasz, Stelmach Sławomir

Rynek Energii

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2022

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Nr 1

68--75

PL

W publikacji przedstawiono możliwość określania wielkości powierzchni właściwej BET węgla aktywnego na podstawie zmierzonej wartości liczby jodowej LJ. Analizę wykonano w oparciu o zebrane dane literaturowe dotyczące węgli aktywnych produkowanych z różnych prekursorów węglowych, przy pomocy aktywacji metodą fizyczną i chemiczną. Dane pogrupowano w zależności od rodzaju prekursora węglowego i metody jego aktywacji. Obliczenia zostały przeprowadzone z wykorzystaniem modelu regresji liniowej. Na potrzeby analizy zebrano informacje na temat 174 próbek węgla aktywnego. Otrzymane wyniki charakteryzowały się dobrymi liniowymi korelacjami analizowanych parametrów, dla których wartość współczynnika determinacji mieściła się w zakresie 79,7÷91,2%. Przedstawiona metoda jest stosunkowo tanim sposobem szacowania powierzchni właściwej BET adsorbentów węglowych i może być wykorzystana do rutynowych badań stanu złoża adsorpcyjnego we wszystkich przedsiębiorstwach stosujących takie adsorbenty w procesie produkcyjnym.

EN

The paper presents the possibility of approximating the specific surface area BET of activated carbon on the basis of the measured value of the iodine number IN parameter. The analysis was based on the collected literature data on activated carbons produced from various carbon precursors using physical and chemical activation. The data are grouped depending on the type of carbon precursor used and the activation method. The calculations were carried out using a linear regression model. For the purpose of the analysis, information on 174 activated carbon samples was collected. The obtained results were characterized by high consistency between correlated linear parameters for which the coefficient of determination ranged from 79.7 to 91.2%. The presented cheap method of estimating the specific surface area BET of carbonaceous adsorbents can be routinely used in all enterprises that use such adsorbents in the production process.

18

Właściwości sorpcyjne aktywowanego węgla wytworzonego przez pirolizę opon samochodowych

Dębek Cezary

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2022

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T. 101, nr 12

1094--1099

PL

Materiał węglowy otrzymany w procesie pirolizy opon samochodowych poddano karbonizacji, a następnie aktywacji parą wodną. Zbadano zmiany strukturalne tego materiału oraz oceniono jego zdolności sorpcyjne w stosunku do związków modelowych (benzen, 4-chlorofenol, błękit metylenowy, czerwień Kongo). Otrzymano aktywaty o bardzo dobrze rozwiniętej powierzchni i dużej porowatości, które wykazały znaczną zdolność sorpcyjną badanych zanieczyszczeń. W przypadku benzenu była ona porównywalna z komercyjnym węglem aktywnym CWZ-2, a w przypadku czerwieni Kongo nawet większa.

EN

C material produced by pyrolysis of car tires was addnl. carbonized and activated with steam to prep. C sorbents with sp. surface 390-470 m²/g, total pore vol. 0.86-1.04 cm³/g and mesopore content 0.57-0.67 cm³/g. The sorbents were tested by adsorption of model compds. (PhH, 4-chlorophenol, methylene blue, Congo red) and compared with a com. activated C. In the case of PhH, the sorption capacity of the activates was comparable with the capacity of com. activated C. For Congo red sorption, the activates were more efficient than the com. sorbent.

19

Utilizing Activated Carbon Developed from Banana Peels as Permeable Reactive Barrier in Copper Removal from Polluted Groundwater

Al Haider Shahzanan Abbas, Al Fatlawi Suad, Nasir Mohsin J.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 1

83--90

EN

The opportunity of utilizing activated carbon prepared from banana peels (BPAC) as a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) to eliminate copper (Cu+2) from the contaminated ground water has been explored. The activated carbon was prepared from banana peels by chemical activation utilizing a drenching agent, for example, a phosphoric acid (H3PO4). The Influence of different factors including initial copper amount, contacting duration, agitation speed, initial pH of the solution and sorbent dosage was studied in batch experiments. The optimum magnitudes for these factors that resulted in the highest copper removing efficacy (96%) were 40 minutes, 6, 250 rpm, 50 mg/l, and 1 mg/100 ml, respectively. The isotherm models of Freundlich and Langmuir have been utilized to analyze the sorption data for Cu+2 ions acquired via batch studies. The Langmuir model has been utilized to explain the sorption of Cu+2 onto BPAC, according to the findings. The partial differential formulas that describe copper transport in one–dimensional (1D) under equilibrium conditions have been solved utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a software based on the finite element technique. The PRB has a significant function in preventing the copper plume from moving, according to the expected findings (COMSOL solution) and experimental findings. Finally, the excellent agreement between anticipated (theoretical) and actual findings, with an RMSE of less comparison with 0.1%, demonstrated that these techniques are useful and efficient instruments for describing copper transport processes.

20

Treatment of Contaminated Water from Niger Delta Oil Fields with Carbonized Sisal Fibre Doped with Nanosilica from Ofada Rice Husk

Odunlami Olayemi Abosede, Agboola Oluranti, Odiakaose Ebubechukwu Olive, Olabode Oladipupo Oyindapo, Babalola Oni, Abatan Olubunmi Grace, Owoicho Isaac

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 9

297--308

EN

Oil spills contaminate water bodies and hence, cause the death of marine animals. The Niger Delta Oil contaminated water was treated by adsorption using sisal fibre activated carbon (SFAC) doped with silica nanoparticles (SNP) synthesized from Ofada rice husk which was carbonized at temperatures 400 °C and 650 °C. The SNP was synthesized at 600 °C (SNP-1) and 800 °C (SNP-2). The proportion in SFAC: SNP for both temperature values was 4.8:0.2 with a basis of 5 grams of the adsorbent. The samples were characterized by SEM, BET analysis, XRF and XRD. The adsorption equilibrium studies obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm; as the linear correlation value was close to unity, with a separation factor of 0.004. SNP-1 shows amophous nature having Fe2O3 and SNP-2 shows crystalline nature which consist of quartz. SNP-2 was used for the study due to its high surface area observed in the BET. High % removal efficiency of 99.84 was attained with silica nanoparticle (SNP-2) integrated in sisal fiber activated carbon (SFAC carbonized at 400 °C).