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Ground water quality in Wadi Shati (Libya): Physicochemical analysis and environmental implications

Treść / Zawartość
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
This study aimed at evaluating water quality of groundwater wells (GWWs) in Wadi Shati, Libya, and assessing its suitability for drinking. Water samples were collected from 17 GWWs and subjected to laboratory testing for 24 physical and chemical water quality parameters (WQPs). Analysis uncovered that the recorded values of 11 WQPs were consistent with the Libyan drinking water quality standard (DWQS). These parameters were pH, temperature (T), acidity, alkalinity, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, and cadmium. However, values of colour and turbidity exceeded the maximum levels set by the Libyan DWQS at five out of the 17 study wells. Likewise, concentrations of chloride (Cl-), sulphate (SO42-), and ammonia (NH3) violated the local DWQS in three locations, each. Additionally, concentrations of phosphate (PO43-), iron, manganese, chromium, and nickel exceeded their maximum allowable concentrations according to the Libyan DWQS. The levels of these five parameters are alarming. Overall, the 17 studied GWWs suffer from varying levels of pollution that, mostly, arise from domestic and agricultural sources, e.g., septic tank seepage and agricultural drainage of agro-chemicals like fertilisers and pesticides. The results of this study emphasise that routine monitoring of groundwater resources plays a vital role in their sustainable management and stresses that water quality data are critical for characterisation of pollution, if any, and for protection of human health and ecosystem safety. Our results serve as guideline for sustainable management of water quality in the Wadi Shati District.
Wydawca
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
128--137
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 14 poz., mapa, tab.
Twórcy
  • Amman Arab University, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan Street, 11953, Amman, Jordan
  • Jarash University, Faculty of Agriculture and Science, Jordan
  • Sebha University, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Libya
Bibliografia
  • ABDELRHEM I.M., RASHID K., ISMAIL A. 2008. Integrated groundwater management for Great Man-Made River Project in Libya. European Journal of Scientific Research. Vol. 22(4) p. 562–569.
  • ACKAH M., AGYEMANG O., ANIM A.K., OSEI J., BENTIL N.O., KPATTAH L., GYAMFI E.T., HANSON J.E.K. 2011. Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation: The case study of Teiman-Oyarifa Community, Ga East Municipality, Ghana. Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences. Vol. 1(3–4) pp. 186. DOI 10.0000/issn-2220-8860-piaees-2011-v1-0017.
  • AHMIDA N.H.S., BUAISHAA M., AHMIDA M.H.S. 2016. Assessment of groundwater quality in Shebna Region, Benghazi-Libya and its suitability for drinking and domestic purposes. Archives of Applied Science Research. Vol. 8(7) p. 4–11. DOI 10.4236/jep.2010.11005.
  • AMHIMMID W.K., EMHEMMAD E.J., ALI M.A. 2020. Evaluation of drinking wall’s water quality in Murzuq Basin southwest of Libya. International Journal of Advanced Materials Research. Vol. 6(3) p. 43–47.
  • BSCL 2021. Estimation of Population according to Territories for the Year 2020 [online]. Tripoli, Bureau of Statistics and Census-Libya. [Access 24.03.2021]. Available at: http://bsc.ly/?P=5&se-c_Id=8&dep_Id=7#144
  • HAMED K.A.S. 2019. Field study of water quality in Marzug District. Journal of Applied Sciences. Spec. Iss. 1 p. 90–99. [In Arabic].
  • IBEDA A., ABOSITH M.F., ALEMAD A, ELKHARRIM K., BELGHYTI D. 2014. Physicochemical quality of Murzuq groundwater, Sabha, Libya. WIT Transactions on Ecology and The Environment. Vol. 178 p. 225–239. DOI 10.2495/WS130191.
  • JUMMA A.J., TORIMAN E.M., HASHIM M.N. 2012. Groundwater pollution and wastewater management in Derna City, Libya. Environ mental Research Journal. Vol. 1 p. 50–54. DOI 10.3923/erj.2012.50.54.
  • NAIR G.A., BOHJUARI J.A., AL-MARIAMI M.A., ATTIA F.A., EL-TOUMI F.F. 2006. Groundwater quality of north-east Libya. Journal of Environmental Biology. Vol. 27(4) p. 695–700.
  • SALEM M.A., ALSHERGAWI M.I. 2013. Physico-chemical evaluation of drinking water quality in Alshati District of Libya. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology. Vol. 4(1) p. 46–71. DOI 10.9790/2402-0414651.
  • SHOAYWI A.M.M., ALI H.S., JAYLANI K.M. 2016. Chemical and biological evaluation of the drinking water quality in wells of Kairat Al Shati Wells. The 1st International Conference on Chemical, Petroleum, and Gas Engineering ICCPGE 2016. Organized by: Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. Faculty of Engineering, Al-Mergib University. 20–22.12.2016 Alkhoms, Libya. [In Arabic].
  • UN 2012. Libya [cartographic material] [online]. New York. United Nations. Geospatial Information Section. [Access 15.03.2021]. Available at: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/722496?ln=en
  • WHO 2017a. Guidelines for drinking-water quality. 4th ed. incorporating the first addendum. Geneva, Switzerland. World Health Organization (WHO). ISBN 9789241549950 pp. 541.
  • WHO 2017b. Support to the revision of Annex I Council Directive 98/83/EC on the Quality of Water Intended for Human Consumption (Drinking Water Directive): Recommendations. Bohn, Switzerland: WHO (Drinking Water Parameter Cooperation Project). [Access 30.04.2021]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-drink/pdf/WHO_parameter_report.pdf
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-fffcc16d-c99b-47a0-802e-1e00a3618307
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